05. The Story of Martin Luther 05. Die Geschichte von Martin Luther 05. Η ιστορία του Μαρτίνου Λούθηρου 05. La historia de Martín Lutero 05\. L'histoire de Martin Luther 05. La storia di Martin Lutero 05.マルティン・ルターの物語 05. 마틴 루터 이야기 05. Het verhaal van Maarten Luther 05. A História de Martinho Lutero 05. История Мартина Лютера 05. Martin Luther'in Hikayesi 05. Історія Мартіна Лютера 05. 马丁·路德的故事 05. 馬丁路德的故事

"The whole world and its history was waiting for this man. "O mundo inteiro e sua história estavam esperando por esse homem. " —CARLYLE. Erasmus was sixteen years old when Martin Luther was born,—Martin Luther, the great German Reformer, whose name was soon to be known throughout the whole continent of Europe. Erasmo tinha dezesseis anos quando Martinho Lutero nasceu - Martin Luther, o grande reformador alemão, cujo nome logo seria conhecido em todo o continente europeu. This is the story of his life. He was born in the year 1483. His father was a humble miner, his mother was noted for her goodness and virtue. Его отец был скромным шахтером, а мать отличалась добротой и добродетелью. When quite a little child, his parents wished to make a "scholar " of him—so he was early taught to read and write, and at six years old he was sent to school. Both at home and at school his training was very severe; his father whipped him for mere trifles, and one day poor little Martin was beaten fifteen times! Tanto em casa quanto na escola, seu treinamento foi muito severo; seu pai o chicoteava por meras ninharias, e um dia o pobre pequeno Martin foi espancado quinze vezes! He was bright and clever, but he had a strong will of his own, and a love of fun and mischief. Era brillante e intelligente, ma aveva una forte volontà propria e un amore per il divertimento e la malizia. Он был умен и сообразителен, но у него была собственная сильная воля, а также любовь к веселью и проказам. 他聪明又聪明，但他有坚强的意志，并且喜欢玩乐和恶作剧。 When he was fourteen his parents could not afford to keep him any longer, so they sent him forth into the world with his bag on his back, to seek for learning from the charity of strangers. A quattordici anni i suoi genitori non potevano più permettersi di tenerlo, così lo mandarono nel mondo con la sua sacca sulle spalle, per cercare di imparare dalla carità degli stranieri. 彼が14歳のとき、両親は彼をもう飼う余裕がなかったので、見知らぬ人の慈善団体から学ぶために、彼をバッグを背負って世界に送り出しました。 Quando ele tinha quatorze anos, seus pais não podiam mais mantê-lo, então o enviaram ao mundo com sua mochila nas costas, para procurar aprender com a caridade de estranhos. With a boy friend he set forth to walk to Magdeburg, where there was a school for poor boys kept by the Franciscan monks. Con un amico ragazzo si mise in cammino verso Magdeburgo, dove c'era una scuola per ragazzi poveri tenuta dai frati francescani. In order to get food on the way, the boys had to beg or to sing. They were thankful enough for a morsel of bread or a night’s shelter. Indeed, life became such a hard struggle, that Martin told himself he would never be a scholar, and it would be better to return home and win an honest livelihood with his spade. In effetti, la vita divenne una lotta così dura che Martin si disse che non sarebbe mai diventato uno studioso e che sarebbe stato meglio tornare a casa e guadagnarsi da vivere onestamente con la vanga. But at this moment the tide turned. By his sweet voice he attracted the notice of a good lady, who took pity on him and gave him a comfortable home. Here he worked hard, making great progress in Latin, till he was eighteen. By this time his father had made enough money to send him to a university, where he took his degree in 1505. A questo punto il padre aveva guadagnato abbastanza per mandarlo all'università, dove si laureò nel 1505. 此时，他的父亲已经赚到了足够的钱，送他去一所大学，并于 1505 年获得了学位。

And now a strange thing happened, that altered his whole life. One day he was walking with a friend, when a tremendous thunderstorm came on. A sudden vivid flash of lightning struck the friend at his side, who fell down dead at his feet. Um relâmpago repentino e vívido atingiu o amigo ao seu lado, que caiu morto a seus pés. Внезапная яркая вспышка молнии ударила в друга, стоявшего рядом с ним, и тот упал замертво к его ногам. The suddenness of the young man’s death made a great impression on Martin Luther. Внезапность смерти молодого человека произвела на Мартина Лютера сильное впечатление. Struck to the heart, he made up his mind that henceforth he would devote his life to God and God’s service. Colpito al cuore, decise che d'ora in poi avrebbe dedicato la sua vita a Dio e al suo servizio. In spite of his father’s protests he became a monk. For the first two years his life was a very hard one: his food was very scanty, he had to perform the lowliest tasks, and to beg for alms and bread. De eerste twee jaar was zijn leven erg zwaar: zijn eten was erg karig, hij moest de minste taken uitvoeren en om aalmoezen en brood bedelen. Whatever spare time he had, he worked hard at his books, studying the epistles and gospels diligently. Ogni volta che aveva del tempo libero, lavorava sodo sui suoi libri, studiando diligentemente le epistole e i vangeli. 暇な時はいつでも、彼は自分の本で一生懸命働き、手紙と福音を熱心に研究しました。 In the library of the university he found a complete Bible in Latin. It was the first time he had seen one. He devoured it eagerly. 彼はそれを熱心にむさぼり食った。 A new light came into his life, and in his close study of the Bible he strengthened himself for his future work. Новый свет вошел в его жизнь, и в своем внимательном изучении Библии он укрепил себя для своей будущей работы. Before long he had risen to a position of importance in the monastery. In breve tempo era salito a una posizione di rilievo nel monastero. Вскоре он занял важное положение в монастыре. He became a priest and went to live at Wittenberg—a town which he made famous by his name. In 1509 he began to lecture on the Scriptures. В 1509 году он начал читать лекции по Священному Писанию. Bibles were not in the hands of all as they are to-day, and Martin Luther was able to tell his countrymen a great deal that they did not know, by reason of his deep learning. Le Bibbie non erano nelle mani di tutti come lo sono oggi, e Martin Lutero fu in grado di dire ai suoi compatrioti molte cose che non sapevano, grazie alla sua profonda cultura. Библии были в руках не всех, как сегодня, и Мартин Лютер смог рассказать своим соотечественникам многое, чего они не знали, по причине его глубоких знаний. His lectures made a great impression.

"This monk," said the head of the university, "will bring in a new doctrine. " He also began now to preach in the churches. He was very earnest, and the people who listened to him were deeply moved at his words.

In 1511 he was sent on a mission to Rome, where Leo X. was Pope. Nel 1511 fu inviato in missione a Roma, dove era Papa Leone X. Now, from early times there has been a Pope (Papa)  or Father of Rome, who in the Middle Ages had come to be looked on as the Head of the Christian Church by many, if not all, of the countries of Europe. Fin dai tempi antichi c'è stato un Papa o Padre di Roma, che nel Medioevo era considerato il capo della Chiesa cristiana da molti, se non da tutti, i Paesi europei. さて、初期からローマの教皇（パパ）または父がいました。彼らは中世にヨーロッパの国々のすべてではないにしても多くの人々からキリスト教会の長として見られるようになりました。 Van oudsher was er een Paus (Papa) of Vader van Rome, die in de Middeleeuwen door veel, zo niet alle, landen van Europa werd gezien als het Hoofd van de Christelijke Kerk. At first the Pope was a Bishop of Rome, as other Bishops were in other cities, but when Rome was no longer the sole imperial city, the power of the Bishops became greater and greater until, in the twelfth century, under Innocent III., the papal authority reached its height. All'inizio il Papa era un Vescovo di Roma, come lo erano altri Vescovi in altre città, ma quando Roma non fu più l'unica città imperiale, il potere dei Vescovi divenne sempre più grande finché, nel XII secolo, sotto Innocenzo III, l'autorità papale raggiunse il suo apice. 他の司教が他の都市にいたように、最初は教皇はローマの司教でしたが、ローマがもはや唯一の帝国都市ではなくなったとき、司教の力は12世紀にイノセントIIIの下でますます大きくなりました。教皇庁はその頂点に達した。

Now during the Middle Ages many abuses had crept into the Church. 現在、中世の間、多くの虐待が教会に忍び込んでいました。 One of these was known as the "sale of indulgences. " これらの1つは「耽溺の販売」として知られていました。 Een daarvan stond bekend als de "verkoop van aflaten". All feel it right that sinners should suffer for their sins, but there is no Biblical foundation for the teaching that by money payments a sinner may be saved from the punishment of his sin. Tutti ritengono giusto che i peccatori debbano soffrire per i loro peccati, ma non c'è alcun fondamento biblico per l'insegnamento che con i pagamenti in denaro un peccatore possa essere salvato dalla punizione del suo peccato. Yet, in those days, persons who paid money received an "indulgence," and agents went about the country selling them. One of these, named John Tetzel, came to Germany. He disgusted Martin Luther by his method of extorting money from ignorant people, and being a man of great courage, Luther felt it his duty to remonstrate. 彼は無知な人々から金をゆすり取る彼の方法によってマーティン・ルーサーをうんざりさせました、そして、非常に勇気のある人であったので、ルーサーはそれを示すことが彼の義務であると感じました。 Hij walgde van Maarten Luther door zijn methode om geld van onwetende mensen af te persen, en als een man met grote moed voelde Luther het zijn plicht om te protesteren. He stood up boldly in his pulpit and denounced the system openly.

It was a tremendous moment. It was indeed the visible beginning of the Reformation—that great movement which was to spread wider and wider until it should affect the whole Christian world.

Into the deeper causes of the Reformation we cannot enter here. The revival of Greek learning had caused men to study the Scriptures for themselves as Luther did, and this caused dissatisfaction with the mediaeval corruption of the Roman Church. ギリシャの学習の復活は、ルターがしたように男性が自分で聖書を研究することを引き起こしました、そしてこれはローマ教会の中世の腐敗に不満を引き起こしました。