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The Awakening of Europe, 02. Brave Little Holland

02. Brave Little Holland

"Brave men are brave from the very first." —CORNEILLE.

It will be interesting to trace the history of these resolute people, who reclaimed their land from the angry North Sea and built busy cities which should play a large part in the history of the world.

The earliest chapter in the history of the Netherlands was written by their conqueror, Julius Cæsar. Why he cast covetous eyes towards these swampy lowlands is hard to see, but he must needs conquer them, and he thought he should have an easy task. At least one tribe wrung from him admiration by its rare courage. When others were begging for mercy, these people swore to die rather than to surrender. At the head of ten Roman legions Cæsar advanced to the banks of one of the many rivers of this low country. But hardly had the Roman horsemen crossed the stream, when down rushed a party of Netherlanders from the summit of a wooded hill and overthrew horses and riders in the stream. For a moment it seemed as if this wild lowland tribe was going to conquer the disciplined forces of Rome. Snatching a shield, the world's conqueror plunged into the hottest of the fight and soon turned the tide. The battle was lost, but, true to their vow, the wild Netherlanders refused to surrender. They fought on till the ground was heaped with their dead—fought till they had perished almost to a man. Cæsar could respect such courage, and when he left the country, to be governed by Romans, he took back soldiers from the Netherlanders to form his imperial guard in Rome.

When in the fifth century the Romans sailed away from the shores of Britain to defend their own land, they turned their backs on the Netherlands.

Then came the "Wandering of the Nations," when barbarians from the north and west tramped over the country. This was followed by the dark ages, when the Netherlands with the rest of Europe was plunged in sleep.

Charlemagne next arose and added the Netherlands to his great kingdom of the Franks. "Karel de Groote," as he was called, was very fond of this new part of his great possessions. He built himself a beautiful palace at Nimwegen, high up on a table-land raised above the surrounding country. For beauty of scenery he could hardly have chosen a more lovely spot. Below lay some of the many rivers, making their way slowly through the low country to the sea, while the rich meadows and fields beyond were the scenes of legend and poetry of a later age. At Nimwegen to-day the curfew rings at 8.30 every evening. It is often called Keizer Karel's Klok. In the city museum the dead world seems to live again in the relics of the past.

With the death of Karel de Groote came the Norsemen. Up the many creeks and into the rivers of the Netherlands these fierce Vikings pushed their single-masted galleys. For three centuries they were a terror to every sea-coast country.

"From the fury of the Northmen, good Lord, deliver us," sobbed the men of the Netherlands with the rest of Europe. For further protection the Netherlands were divided up into provinces, each put under a count or lord. Among others was one, Count Dirk, who was set over the little province of Holland. It was a small piece of country along the sea-coast, but it was destined to be the cradle of an empire. And this is the first mention of Holland in history—the low land, the hollow land as it was called. The Count of Holland lived at Haarlem till he built himself a castle to the south, standing some three miles from the sea. To make it safe it was surrounded by a hedge, known as the Count's Hedge—Graven Hage—now The Hague, the Capital of the Netherlands. Then the Counts of Holland also built the new town of Dordrecht. "Every ship that comes up the river shall pay a toll for the new town," said Dirk. But this made the men of other provinces very angry, and the men of Friesland fought over it.

But a time was at hand when they should find something better to fight over than the toll of Dordrecht. The new teaching under the name of Christianity was making its way to the Netherlands, and the Counts of Holland were not slow to join the rest of Europe in their rush to the Holy Land, to free the Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Mohammedans.

One day the men from Holland sailed down the river Maas in twelve ships, gay with banners and streamers, and out into the North Sea, on their way to the Holy Land. They would have to sail down the English Channel, between the coasts of England and France, through the Bay of Biscay and the Straits of Gibraltar, to the eastern ports of the blue Mediterranean, before ever they could reach their destination. But it is probable that the Crusades did more for Holland than Holland did for the Crusades, for by her contact with the East she learnt that of which she had not even dreamt before.

02. Brave Little Holland 02\. الشجعان ليتل هولاند 02. Tapferes kleines Holland 02. Pequeña Holanda valiente 02. Brave Little Holland 02. Piccola Olanda coraggiosa 02.ブレイブ・リトル・ホランド 02. Dapper Nederland 02. Brave Little Holland 02\. Отважная маленькая Голландия 02. Cesur Küçük Hollanda 02. Хоробра маленька Голландія 02.勇敢的小荷兰 02. 勇敢的小荷蘭

"Brave men are brave from the very first." "الرجال الشجعان هم شجعان منذ البداية." "Brave men are brave from the very first." "Gli uomini coraggiosi sono coraggiosi fin dal primo momento". 「勇敢な男性は最初から勇敢です。」 «Храбрые люди храбры с самого начала». —CORNEILLE.

It will be interesting to trace the history of these resolute people, who reclaimed their land from the angry North Sea and built busy cities which should play a large part in the history of the world. سيكون من المثير للاهتمام تتبع تاريخ هؤلاء الأشخاص الحازمين ، الذين استعادوا أراضيهم من بحر الشمال الغاضب وبنوا مدنًا مزدحمة يجب أن تلعب دورًا كبيرًا في تاريخ العالم. 追溯这些坚定的人民的历史将会很有趣，他们从愤怒的北海夺回了自己的土地，并建造了繁忙的城市，这些城市应该在世界历史上发挥重要作用。

The earliest chapter in the history of the Netherlands was written by their conqueror, Julius Cæsar. أول فصل في تاريخ هولندا كتبه الفاتح يوليوس قيصر. Why he cast covetous eyes towards these swampy lowlands is hard to see, but he must needs conquer them, and he thought he should have an easy task. من الصعب رؤية سبب توجيه عينيه نحو هذه الأراضي المنخفضة المستنقعية ، لكن يجب عليه التغلب عليها ، واعتقد أنه يجب أن يكون لديه مهمة سهلة. Why he cast covetous eyes towards these swampy lowlands is hard to see, but he must needs conquer them, and he thought he should have an easy task. Почему он бросил жадный взгляд на эти болотистые низины, трудно понять, но ему нужно было их завоевать, и он думал, что это будет легкая задача. 很难理解他为什么对这些沼泽低地投来觊觎的目光，但他一定需要征服它们，而且他认为他的任务应该很容易。 At least one tribe wrung from him admiration by its rare courage. انتزعت قبيلة واحدة على الأقل إعجابه بشجاعتها النادرة. حداقل یك قبیله با شجاعت نادرش تحسین او را برانگیخت. 少なくとも1つの部族は、その珍しい勇気によって彼から賞賛されました。 По крайней мере, одно племя вызвало у него восхищение своей редкой смелостью. En azından bir kabile, ender rastlanan cesaretiyle onun hayranlığını kazanmıştır. Принаймні одне плем'я викликало у нього захоплення своєю рідкісною мужністю. 至少有一个部落被他难得的勇气所折服。 When others were begging for mercy, these people swore to die rather than to surrender. Toen anderen om genade smeekten, zwoeren deze mensen eerder te sterven dan zich over te geven. Когда другие молили о пощаде, эти люди поклялись скорее умереть, чем сдаться. 在别人求饶的时候，这些人发誓宁死不屈。 At the head of ten Roman legions Cæsar advanced to the banks of one of the many rivers of this low country. 10のローマ軍団の先頭で、Cæsarはこの低い国の多くの川の1つの銀行に進みました。 Во главе десяти римских легионов Цезарь подошел к берегу одной из многочисленных рек этой низменной страны. On Roma lejyonunun başında bulunan Cæsar, bu alçak ülkenin birçok nehrinden birinin kıyısına kadar ilerledi. 凯撒率领十个罗马军团向这个低地众多河流之一的河岸挺进。 But hardly had the Roman horsemen crossed the stream, when down rushed a party of Netherlanders from the summit of a wooded hill and overthrew horses and riders in the stream. Ale ledwie rzymscy jeźdźcy przekroczyli strumień, gdy ze szczytu zalesionego wzgórza zbiegła grupa Niderlandów i powaliła konie i jeźdźców w strumieniu. Но едва римские всадники переправились через ручей, как с вершины лесистого холма на них бросился отряд нидерландцев и опрокинул лошадей и всадников в ручей. Ama Romalı atlılar dereyi henüz geçmişlerdi ki, ormanlık bir tepenin zirvesinden inen bir grup Hollandalı atları ve binicileri dereye düşürdü. For a moment it seemed as if this wild lowland tribe was going to conquer the disciplined forces of Rome. Przez chwilę wydawało się, że to dzikie plemię z nizin zamierza podbić zdyscyplinowane siły Rzymu. На мгновение показалось, что это дикое низменное племя собирается покорить дисциплинированные войска Рима. Snatching a shield, the world’s conqueror plunged into the hottest of the fight and soon turned the tide. Chwytając tarczę, zdobywca świata pogrążył się w najgorętszej walce i wkrótce odwrócił bieg wydarzeń. Выхватив щит, покоритель мира бросился в самое пекло схватки и вскоре переломил ход событий. Bir kalkan kaparak, dünyanın fatihi savaşın en sıcak anlarına daldı ve kısa sürede gidişatı değiştirdi. 夺取盾牌的世界征服者投入了最激烈的战斗，很快扭转了局势。 The battle was lost, but, true to their vow, the wild Netherlanders refused to surrender. 戦いは敗北したが、彼らの誓いに忠実に、野生のオランダ人は降伏を拒否した。 Bitwa została przegrana, ale zgodnie z przysięgą dzicy Holendrzy odmówili poddania się. Битва была проиграна, но, верные своей клятве, дикие нидерландцы отказались сдаться. They fought on till the ground was heaped with their dead—fought till they had perished almost to a man. Walczyli tak długo, aż ziemia zapełniła się ich zabitymi — walczyli, aż zginęli prawie co do jednego. Они сражались до тех пор, пока земля не была усеяна их трупами, пока они не погибли почти до единого человека. 他们一直战斗，直到地上堆满了他们的死者——一直战斗到他们几乎死于一个人。 Cæsar could respect such courage, and when he left the country, to be governed by Romans, he took back soldiers from the Netherlanders to form his imperial guard in Rome. カイザーはそのような勇気を尊重することができ、ローマ人に統治されるために国を去ったとき、彼はオランダ人から兵士を連れ戻し、ローマで彼の護衛を形成しました。 Cezar mógł uszanować taką odwagę, a kiedy opuścił kraj, aby rządzić go Rzymianin, przyjął z powrotem żołnierzy z Niderlandów, aby utworzyć w Rzymie gwardię cesarską. Сезар уважал такое мужество, и когда он оставил страну, чтобы ею управляли римляне, он забрал солдат из Нидерландов, чтобы сформировать свою императорскую гвардию в Риме. Cæsar böyle bir cesarete saygı duyabilirdi ve Romalılar tarafından yönetilmek üzere ülkeyi terk ettiğinde, Roma'daki imparatorluk muhafızlarını oluşturmaları için Hollandalı askerleri geri aldı. 凯撒尊重这样的勇气，当他离开这个国家，由罗马人统治时，他从荷兰人手中接回了士兵，在罗马组建了他的皇家卫队。

When in the fifth century the Romans sailed away from the shores of Britain to defend their own land, they turned their backs on the Netherlands. 5世紀にローマ人が自分たちの土地を守るためにイギリスの海岸から出航したとき、彼らはオランダに背を向けました。 Beşinci yüzyılda Romalılar kendi topraklarını savunmak için Britanya kıyılarından uzaklaştıklarında, Hollanda'ya sırtlarını döndüler. 公元五世纪，当罗马人离开英国海岸保卫自己的土地时，他们背弃了荷兰。

Then came the "Wandering of the Nations," when barbarians from the north and west tramped over the country. それから、北と西からの野蛮人が国を踏みにじったとき、「国の放浪」が来ました。 Затем наступило время "скитаний народов", когда варвары с севера и запада топтали страну. Ardından, kuzeyden ve batıdan gelen barbarların ülkeyi çiğneyip geçtiği "Ulusların Gezintisi" geldi. 然后是“民族游荡”，当时来自北方和西方的野蛮人践踏了这个国家。 This was followed by the dark ages, when the Netherlands with the rest of Europe was plunged in sleep. これに続いて暗黒時代が続き、オランダとヨーロッパの他の地域が眠りに落ちました。 Затем последовали темные века, когда Нидерланды вместе с остальной Европой погрузились в сон. 紧随其后的是黑暗时代，当时荷兰和欧洲其他国家都陷入了沉睡。

Charlemagne next arose and added the Netherlands to his great kingdom of the Franks. 次にシャルルマーニュが起こり、オランダを彼の偉大なフランク王国に加えました。 Daha sonra Şarlman ortaya çıktı ve Hollanda'yı Frankların büyük krallığına ekledi. 查理曼大帝随后崛起，将尼德兰加入了他伟大的法兰克王国。 "Karel de Groote," as he was called, was very fond of this new part of his great possessions. "Карел де Грооте", как его называли, очень любил эту новую часть своих больших владений. He built himself a beautiful palace at Nimwegen, high up on a table-land raised above the surrounding country. 彼はナイメーヘンに美しい宮殿を建てました。周囲の国の上にある台地の高いところにあります。 Он построил себе прекрасный дворец в Нимвегене, расположенный на возвышенности над окружающей местностью. Kendisine Nimwegen'de, çevredeki ülkeden yüksek bir masa arazisi üzerinde güzel bir saray yaptırdı. 他在 Nimwegen 为自己建造了一座美丽的宫殿，高高地耸立在周围国家之上的高原上。 For beauty of scenery he could hardly have chosen a more lovely spot. По красоте пейзажа он вряд ли мог выбрать более прекрасное место. Manzaranın güzelliği açısından bundan daha güzel bir yer seçemezdi. 为了风景秀丽，他几乎找不到比这更可爱的地方了。 Below lay some of the many rivers, making their way slowly through the low country to the sea, while the rich meadows and fields beyond were the scenes of legend and poetry of a later age. Внизу протекала одна из многочисленных рек, медленно пробивавшихся через низменность к морю, а богатые луга и поля за их пределами были местом действия легенд и поэзии более поздней эпохи. Aşağıda, ovadan denize doğru yavaşça yol alan çok sayıda nehirden bazıları uzanırken, ötesindeki zengin çayırlar ve tarlalar daha sonraki bir çağın efsane ve şiir sahneleriydi. 下面是许多河流中的一些，它们缓缓地穿过低地进入大海，而远处肥沃的草地和田野则是后世传说和诗歌的场景。 At Nimwegen to-day the curfew rings at 8.30 every evening. 今日のナイメーヘンでは、夜間外出禁止令が毎晩8.30に鳴ります。 В Нимвегене сегодня каждый вечер в 8.30 звучит сигнал комендантского часа. Bugün Nimwegen'de sokağa çıkma yasağı her akşam saat 8.30'da başlıyor. It is often called Keizer Karel’s Klok. In the city museum the dead world seems to live again in the relics of the past. В городском музее мертвый мир, кажется, снова живет в реликвиях прошлого. Şehir müzesinde ölü dünya, geçmişin kalıntılarında yeniden yaşıyor gibi görünüyor.

With the death of Karel de Groote came the Norsemen. После смерти Карела де Грооте пришли норманны. Karel de Groote'un ölümüyle birlikte İskandinavlar geldi. Up the many creeks and into the rivers of the Netherlands these fierce Vikings pushed their single-masted galleys. По многочисленным ручьям и рекам Нидерландов эти свирепые викинги проталкивали свои одномачтовые галеры. Bu vahşi Vikingler tek direkli kadırgalarını Hollanda'nın birçok deresine ve nehrine doğru ittiler. For three centuries they were a terror to every sea-coast country. В течение трех столетий они наводили ужас на все приморские страны.

"From the fury of the Northmen, good Lord, deliver us," sobbed the men of the Netherlands with the rest of Europe. "От ярости северян, Господи, избавь нас", - рыдали жители Нидерландов вместе со всей Европой. “远离北方人的愤怒，上帝，救救我们吧，”荷兰人和欧洲其他国家的人抽泣着说。 For further protection the Netherlands were divided up into provinces, each put under a count or lord. Для дополнительной защиты Нидерланды были разделены на провинции, каждая из которых находилась под властью графа или лорда. Among others was one, Count Dirk, who was set over the little province of Holland. Среди них был и граф Дирк, который был поставлен над маленькой провинцией Голландия. Diğerleri arasında, küçük Hollanda eyaletinin başına getirilen Kont Dirk de vardı. It was a small piece of country along the sea-coast, but it was destined to be the cradle of an empire. Это была небольшая страна на морском побережье, но ей суждено было стать колыбелью империи. Deniz kıyısında küçük bir ülke parçasıydı ama bir imparatorluğun beşiği olacaktı. And this is the first mention of Holland in history—the low land, the hollow land as it was called. そして、これは歴史上最初のオランダの言及です—低地、それが呼ばれたように中空の土地。 The Count of Holland lived at Haarlem till he built himself a castle to the south, standing some three miles from the sea. ホラント伯はハーレムに住み、海から3マイルほど離れた南に城を建てました。 Граф Голландии жил в Харлеме, пока не построил себе замок на юге, в трех милях от моря. To make it safe it was surrounded by a hedge, known as the Count’s Hedge—Graven Hage—now The Hague, the Capital of the Netherlands. 安全を確保するために、伯爵の生け垣として知られる生け垣に囲まれていました。現在はオランダの首都ハーグです。 Then the Counts of Holland also built the new town of Dordrecht. "Every ship that comes up the river shall pay a toll for the new town," said Dirk. "Каждый корабль, поднимающийся по реке, должен платить пошлину за новый город", - сказал Дирк. “每艘顺流而上的船只都将为新城镇支付通行费，”德克说。 But this made the men of other provinces very angry, and the men of Friesland fought over it. Но это очень разозлило жителей других провинций, и фрисландцы поссорились из-за этого.

But a time was at hand when they should find something better to fight over than the toll of Dordrecht. Ma era giunto il momento di trovare qualcosa di meglio per cui litigare che il pedaggio di Dordrecht. しかし、ドルトレヒトの犠牲者よりも戦うのに良い何かを見つけるべき時が近づいていました。 Но приближалось время, когда они должны были найти что-то лучшее для борьбы, чем пошлина Дордрехта. 但是他们应该找到比多德雷赫特的损失更好的战斗的时候了。 The new teaching under the name of Christianity was making its way to the Netherlands, and the Counts of Holland were not slow to join the rest of Europe in their rush to the Holy Land, to free the Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Mohammedans. キリスト教の名の下にある新しい教えはオランダに向かって進んでおり、ホラント伯は、聖地への急いでヨーロッパの他の地域に加わり、聖なる墓所をモハメッド人の手から解放するのに遅くはありませんでした。 De nieuwe leer onder de naam Christendom vond zijn weg naar Nederland, en de graven van Holland waren niet traag om zich bij de rest van Europa te voegen in hun haast naar het Heilige Land, om het Heilig Graf uit de handen van de mohammedanen te bevrijden. Новое учение под именем христианства проникало в Нидерланды, и голландские графы не замедлили присоединиться к остальной Европе, устремившись в Святую землю, чтобы освободить Гроб Господень из рук магометан.

One day the men from Holland sailed down the river Maas in twelve ships, gay with banners and streamers, and out into the North Sea, on their way to the Holy Land. 有一天，来自荷兰的男人们乘坐十二艘船沿着马斯河航行，带着旗帜和飘带，驶入北海，前往圣地。 They would have to sail down the English Channel, between the coasts of England and France, through the Bay of Biscay and the Straits of Gibraltar, to the eastern ports of the blue Mediterranean, before ever they could reach their destination. Ze zouden het Engelse Kanaal moeten afvaren, tussen de kusten van Engeland en Frankrijk, door de Golf van Biskaje en de Straat van Gibraltar, naar de oostelijke havens van de blauwe Middellandse Zee, voordat ze ooit hun bestemming konden bereiken. Им предстояло пройти по Ла-Маншу, между берегами Англии и Франции, через Бискайский залив и Гибралтарский пролив к восточным портам голубого Средиземноморья, прежде чем они достигнут цели. 他们必须沿着英吉利海峡航行，在英格兰和法国海岸之间，穿过比斯开湾和直布罗陀海峡，到达蓝色地中海的东部港口，然后才能到达目的地。 But it is probable that the Crusades did more for Holland than Holland did for the Crusades, for by her contact with the East she learnt that of which she had not even dreamt before. しかし、十字軍は、オランダが十字軍に対して行ったよりも、オランダに対してより多くのことを行った可能性があります。なぜなら、彼女は東との接触によって、以前は夢にも思わなかったことを知ったからです。 Maar het is waarschijnlijk dat de kruistochten meer voor Holland hebben gedaan dan Holland voor de kruistochten, want door haar contact met het oosten leerde ze datgene waarvan ze nog niet eens had gedroomd. Но вполне вероятно, что крестовые походы сделали для Голландии больше, чем Голландия для крестовых походов, поскольку благодаря контакту с Востоком она узнала то, о чем раньше даже не мечтала. 但很可能十字军对荷兰的贡献比荷兰对十字军的贡献更大，因为通过与东方的接触，她了解到了她以前从未梦想过的东西。