Seventy-two: Different Synonyms for ‘To See' Zweiundsiebzig: Verschiedene Synonyme für 'sehen' Setenta y dos: Diferentes sinónimos de "ver Settantadue: Diversi sinonimi di "vedere 72見る」のさまざまな類義語 72: '보다'의 다른 동의어 Septyniasdešimt du: Įvairūs sinonimai žodžiui 'matyti' Siedemdziesiąt dwa: Różne synonimy słowa "widzieć Setenta e dois: Sinónimos diferentes de "ver Семьдесят два: Различные синонимы для слова "видеть". Sjuttiotvå: Olika synonymer för "att se Yetmiş iki: 'Görmek' için Farklı Eşanlamlılar 七十二：“看到”的不同同义词

Steve: Hi Jill.

Jill: Hi Steve.

Steve: How are you this afternoon?

Jill: Pretty good thanks, how are you?

Steve: I'm fine. Jill, I see that you are looking out the window. What do you see?

Jill: I'm watching the trees swaying from the howling wind. Jill: Estoy viendo los árboles balanceándose por el aullido del viento. The wind is blowing like crazy outside.

Steve: You know it's funny, we used three words there. I said are you looking out the window? He dicho que si estás mirando por la ventana. What do you see?

Then you told me that you saw trees or whatever you said.

Jill: I think I said I'm watching. Steve: And you said I'm watching, so you used four different words. What are you looking at right now?

Jill: I'm looking at the sky, the blue sky, the buildings and the ocean outside of the window. Steve: So here we have another word. It's interesting, something that is as common a human activity as looking at things and watching and observing. İlginçtir, bir şeylere bakmak, izlemek ve gözlemlemek kadar yaygın bir insan faaliyetidir. I think there are a lot of words in many languages to describe this idea of looking at things and English is no exception. One of our learners asked us if we would talk a little bit about the different words that mean “see” and “look” and “watch” and so forth. This came from Marianne, who is a good friend whom I visited recently in France and who is creating a lot of excellent content for us in the French section of LingQ. She felt that it was a bit confusing for her, all these different words that have slightly different meanings, but all have to do with seeing. Sentía que le resultaba un poco confuso, todas estas palabras diferentes que tienen significados ligeramente distintos, pero que todas tienen que ver con ver. When we say look do we say look the tree?

Jill: You always look at something.

Steve: I wonder why that is. We see the tree. We watch…what?

Jill: Watch television.

Steve: Watch television. We see the sky. We look out the window. People just have to get used to how those words work. Looking seems to be more the action. It's not obvious that you're seeing anything. Jill: Exactly.

Steve: I mean you might be looking at the scenery, but you don't see the sheep that are on the mountainside. Steve: Quiero decir que puedes estar mirando el paisaje, pero no ves las ovejas que están en la ladera de la montaña. You're looking in that direction, but you don't see it. Jill: Exactly, yeah, you can be looking and not be observing, not be taking in. Jill: Exacto, sí, puedes estar mirando y no estar observando, no estar asimilando. Jill: Aynen öyle, evet, bakıyor olabilirsin ama gözlemlemiyor, içine almıyor olabilirsin.

Steve: There's another word, “observe” has the same idea of seeing. When you observe or when you see, as you say, you're noticing. Another word, you're “noticing” it; you're observing it. When you're “watching” something you could still not see it. Even though you're watching the street because you're looking for your friend, but you don't see your friend even though you're watching. Arkadaşınızı aradığınız için sokağı izliyor olsanız da, izlediğiniz halde arkadaşınızı göremiyorsunuz. Jill: And they could be standing right there. Jill: Y podrían estar de pie allí mismo.

Steve: They could be standing there behind a telephone pole, so these are the different nuances. Steve: Podrían estar ahí detrás de un poste de teléfono, así que estos son los diferentes matices. There are some other words that talk about different kinds of vision. What's another one that comes to mind? Jill: “Glancing.” Jill: "De refilón".

Steve: Glancing, yeah, when will you use glance? Steve: Echar un vistazo, sí, ¿cuándo usarás echar un vistazo?

Jill: Usually it's when you look at something quickly, typically. You give a quick glance.

Steve: There is also something about glance, which suggests that it's indirect somehow. Steve: También hay algo sobre la mirada, que sugiere que es indirecta de alguna manera. Стив: В взгляде тоже есть что-то, что наводит на мысль о том, что он каким-то образом косвенный. If I'm staring at you then it's not a glance. A glance is almost hidden; it's almost indirect. Una mirada es casi oculta; es casi indirecta. We talk about a “glancing blow.” In other words, if you're swinging with an ax and you're chopping wood and you miss the wood and it kind of goes off to the side it's like a glancing blow. Hablamos de un "golpe de refilón". En otras palabras, si estás cortando leña con un hacha y fallas y la madera sale despedida hacia un lado, es como un golpe de refilón. Мы говорим о "скользящем ударе". Другими словами, если вы замахиваетесь топором, рубите дрова и промахиваетесь по дереву, и оно как бы отлетает в сторону, то это как бы скользящий удар. "Sarsıcı darbe" hakkında konuşuruz. Başka bir deyişle, eğer bir balta sallıyor ve odun kesiyorsanız, odunu ıskalarsanız ve odun bir şekilde yana doğru giderse, bu bir sıyırma darbesi gibidir. I think there is that sense of somehow indirect or furtive. You know, “peek”, you take a peek at something. Ya sabes, "echar un vistazo", echas un vistazo a algo. You don't really want the person to see that you're looking at them. En realidad no quieres que la persona vea que la estás mirando. You're having a peek or you might open a book very quickly and have a peek. Echas un vistazo o abres un libro rápidamente y echas un vistazo. Let's say you're writing and exam and you brought your dictionary and you have a quick peek in the dictionary and close it. Jill: A quick look, exactly; a quick glance, a peek. Jill: Una mirada rápida, exactamente; una mirada rápida, un vistazo.

Steve: Yes, a peek, whereas a word that sounds a bit like peek is “peer”, but you peer…it's not the same as peek. Steve: Sí, un peek, mientras que una palabra que suena un poco como peek es "peer", pero peer... no es lo mismo que peek. When do you peer? ¿Cuándo se hace el peer? Peer suggests something that's also a little bit hidden, but longer lasting; you're peering into. Peer sugiere algo que también está un poco oculto, pero más duradero; te asomas. I picture myself peering into this deep well. Me imagino asomándome a este profundo pozo. Я представляю себя заглядывающим в этот глубокий колодец.

Jill: I was just going to use the exact same example, actually, peering into a well.

Steve: You know what's funny about that, we are so conditioned, you know. I mean, peering into a well. I mean probably over the how ever many books we have read, peer seems to always be connected with peering into a well. A lo largo de todos los libros que hemos leído, parece que el par siempre está relacionado con asomarse a un pozo.

Jill: Because it's almost like you use peer when looking through some sort of hole or something. Steve: Do you peer into a telescope?

Jill: You peer into a telescope or through whatever you call it that's in the door. Steve: The keyhole. You're peering through the keyhole. Jill: Right.

Steve: And it's funny, that's why, again, I refer to LingQ, but people can use Google. If you pick a word in Google and Google it you'll see all these associations and the same in LingQ and so you'll see which words most often come together. I talked about a glancing blow. We talk about take a peek, peer. Here's another one “gaze”. Aquí hay otra "mirada". You know, what's the first thing that comes to mind? Jill: You know what comes to mind with gaze is to gaze longingly or lovingly at someone. Jill: Usted sabe lo que viene a la mente con la mirada es mirar con nostalgia o con amor a alguien. To me, that's what comes first. Steve: Alright and I thought immediately of avert your gaze, okay? Steve: De acuerdo y pensé inmediatamente en apartar la mirada, ¿vale? You may be staring at someone, but somehow you don't want that person to know that you're looking at them, so when they look at you you quickly… Jill: …look away. ...mira hacia otro lado.

Steve: So you avert your gaze, but yeah, gazing lovingly at your child, for example. Steve: Así que apartas la mirada, pero sí, mirando amorosamente a tu hijo, por ejemplo. Two lovers walking hand-in-hand in the sunset or whatever it might be; gazing at the sunset; you can gaze at the sunset. Dos amantes caminando de la mano en la puesta de sol o lo que sea; contemplando la puesta de sol; puedes contemplar la puesta de sol.

Jill: You can also look at the sunset, I mean you don't have to just say gaze. Jill: Gün batımına da bakabilirsin, demek istediğim sadece bakışlarını söylemek zorunda değilsin. Steve: Right, so there are these associations. Steve: Doğru, yani bu dernekler var. I mean if I say to you the word “gloat”, what do you think of? Si te digo la palabra "regodearse", ¿en qué piensas?

Jill: It's negative to me. Gloating is something you do when you're proud of yourself, usually for having done something better than somebody else or for having beaten somebody at something. Regodearse es algo que uno hace cuando está orgulloso de sí mismo, normalmente por haber hecho algo mejor que otra persona o por haberle ganado a alguien en algo. Steve: Right, almost like rubbing it in. Claro, casi como restregándotelo. Стив: Точно, почти как втирание. Steve: Doğru, neredeyse ovalamak gibi.

Jill: Yeah, exactly.

Steve: You're gloating. Steve: Sen glotesin. I mean it's one thing to be proud, but it's another to…like if we played tennis and you beat me, which you wouldn't do. Yani, gurur duyulacak bir şey var, ama başka…… tenis oynadıysanız ve beni yendiyseniz, ki yapmazsınız. Jill: Probably not. I don't play tennis. Steve: No, I'm just joking, you probably would because you'd cheat, but no, if you then after beating me, which is bad enough, and then you kind of strutted around gloating… Steve: No, es broma, probablemente lo harías porque harías trampas, pero no, si después de ganarme, que ya es bastante malo, y luego te pavoneas por ahí regodeándote.... Steve : Non, je plaisante, vous le feriez probablement parce que vous tricheriez, mais non, si vous m'avez battu, ce qui est déjà assez grave, et que vous vous pavaniez en jubilant... Steve: Hayır, sadece şaka yapıyorum, muhtemelen aldatırsınız çünkü yaparsınız, ama hayır, o zaman beni dövdükten sonra, ki yeterince kötü, ve sonra da etrafta dolanıp duruyorsunuz… Jill: …with a smirk on my face… Jill:… yüzüme bir sırıtış…

Steve: …that would be gloating; rubbing it in, as we said. There's another expression. These are different ways of observing and, therefore, looking, seeing. I guess there's also, you know, we can be very deliberate in the way we look or observe. Sanırım, aynı zamanda, bildiğiniz gibi, göründüğümüz veya gözlemlediğimiz şekilde çok kasıtlı olabiliriz. We can inspect something looking for clues if we're Sherlock Holmes, right? Sherlock Holmes iseniz ipucu arayan bir şeyi inceleyebiliriz, değil mi? We can survey the scene. Podemos inspeccionar la escena. Sahneyi inceleyebiliriz. After a disaster like an earthquake or something then people come to survey. Después de una catástrofe, como un terremoto o algo así, la gente acude a hacer encuestas.

Jill: You're taking your time, right? Jill: Usted está tomando su tiempo, ¿verdad? Jill: Vaktini alıyorsun, değil mi? You're not just taking a quick glance; you're really spending a lot of time deliberately looking to find certain things. Steve: You are looking with a very deliberate, specific, purpose in mind as opposed to the glance, which is the quick glance or the gaze, which is kind of a vague, you know, enjoying looking at something whereas if you're surveying something, if you're inspecting something… Steve: Miras con un propósito muy deliberado y específico en mente, a diferencia de la ojeada, que es un vistazo rápido o la mirada, que es algo vago, ya sabes, disfrutar mirando algo, mientras que si estás examinando algo, si estás inspeccionando algo... Steve: Bakış açısına karşı çok kasıtlı, spesifik, akılda bir amaç ile bakıyorsunuz, hızlı bir bakış veya bakışlar, bir tür belirsiz olan, bilirsiniz, araştırırken bir şeye bakmaktan zevk alıyorsunuz bir şey, eğer bir şeyi teftiş ediyorsanız ... Jill: …scrutinizing something. Jill: ...escudriñando algo. Jill:… bir şeyi incelerken.

Steve: Scrutinizing, very good. These are all ways of perceiving. Todas estas son formas de percibir. Bunların hepsi algılamanın yolları. It's not really, but a perception. En realidad no lo es, sino una percepción. Gerçekten değil, bir algı. We talk about perception as the way our senses sort of are in contact with stimulus and sending messages to the brain that the brain then processes into either a smell or an image or something, so these are different ways that we perceive. I think we've now come to use the word perceive also to mean interpret. Sanırım şimdi algı kelimesini yorumlamak için de kullanmaya başladık. Jill: Exactly, more often I think than not. Jill: Exactamente, más a menudo creo que no. Jill: Kesinlikle, sanmıyorumdan daha sık düşünüyorum.

Steve: More often, so what is your perception of, I don't know, the latest policy that the government has put forward or something. Steve: Más a menudo, ¿cuál es su percepción de, no sé, la última política que el gobierno ha presentado o algo así. Steve: Daha sık, peki hükümetin öne sürdüğü son politika ya da bir şey hakkındaki algınız nedir? Jill: What do you think about that? Basically, what are your views about that? Básicamente, ¿qué opina al respecto? Temel olarak, bu konudaki görüşleriniz neler?

Steve: But you know this is interesting Jill, because you say what are your views about it, but view implies vision. Steve: Ama bunun ilginç olduğunu biliyorsunuz Jill, çünkü onun hakkındaki görüşlerinizi söylüyorsunuz, ancak görüş vizyon anlamına geliyor. The word vision, view, see, has also come to mean what is your opinion.

Jill: Exactly.

Steve: So, you know, the expression “do you see what I mean?” Steve: Yani, biliyorsunuz, "ne demek istediğimi anlıyor musunuz?" İfadesi.

Jill: Do you understand what I mean?

Steve: Do you see what I mean?

Jill: I understand. I see.

Steve: You see. You see? You see. So see has this implication of understanding. Gördüğünüz gibi bu anlayış anlayışı var. The other thing about seeing is you can look at something and…I mean how many times has it happened to you that you don't notice something until someone points it out to you? Görmenin diğer bir yanı, bir şeye bakabilmeniz ve… Birisi size işaret edinceye kadar bir şeyi fark etmemenizin size kaç kere geldiği anlamına geliyor? Jill: Oh, very often, yeah. If somebody says have you ever noticed that Kate wears a lot of black? I may never have noticed that, but now the person has pointed that out I'll realize yes. You know, four out of five days this week Kate has worn black, so I'm paying attention now. Sabes, cuatro de los cinco días de esta semana Kate ha vestido de negro, así que ahora estoy prestando atención. Steve: Right, so you notice it.

Jill: Exactly.

Steve: Exactly and I feel sometimes we have trouble seeing something that we don't already know is there. You know, I think that's the way our brain works. Once we know it's there we notice it; we see it. Jill: Or something that we see all the time we don't notice because it's so familiar, so common. Just like if you're reading over your own writing and you're editing it and you're looking for errors and you've read it five times you may not see one of your errors; you may not catch it because you might not notice it. Al igual que si estás leyendo tu propio escrito y lo estás corrigiendo y estás buscando errores y lo has leído cinco veces, puede que no veas uno de tus errores; puede que no lo detectes porque puede que no te des cuenta. Steve: Absolutely, so you might be scrutinizing it to use your word earlier, but you may still not notice the errors or you may not see the errors. Steve: Absolutamente, así que podrías estar escudriñándolo para usar tu palabra anterior, pero aún así podrías no notar los errores o podrías no ver los errores. Steve: Kesinlikle, bu yüzden daha önce sözünüzü kullanmak için onu incelemeye çalışıyor olabilirsiniz, ancak hataları hala fark etmeyebilirsiniz veya hataları göremeyebilirsiniz. That's of course why at The Linguist we try to encourage people and help them develop the ability to notice things in the language because they can read the language or hear the language many, many, times and not notice, for example, that you say I look at the tree. Elbette bu nedenle Dilbilimcide insanları teşvik etmeye ve dilde bir şeyleri farketme yeteneğini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olmaya çalışıyoruz, çünkü dili okuyabilir veya birçok, defalarca duydukları dili duyabilirler, Ağaca bak. People who have studied lots of grammar and have studied and have listened and read and they'll say I look the tree. Çok dilbilgisi okumuş, çalışmış, dinlemiş ve okumuş olan insanlar bana ağaç baktığımı söylerler Jill: And people who speak English very well even will say that. Jill: Ve çok iyi İngilizce bilen insanlar bile bunu söyleyecek.

Steve: Well that's right and many, many, similar examples: I listen him. Once we get people to start noticing, seeing, and they start noticing it a few times then once they notice it then they learn it whereas if they just read it in some instructions somewhere…I mean we're getting a little bit off topic, but how good are you at reading instructions for something that you are not familiar with? İnsanları farketmeye, görmeye ve birkaç kez farketmeye başladıklarında bir kez farkettikten sonra farkettikten sonra öğrendiler, oysa bir yerde bazı talimatlarda okuduysa… demek istediğim biraz konu dışı kalıyoruz Fakat aşina olmadığınız bir şey için talimatları okumakta ne kadar iyisiniz? It's very difficult. Jill: Yeah and time consuming and frustrating.

Steve: Exactly, whereas if you're already familiar with the experience you have a rough idea of what's involved then you read the instructions then it makes sense. Steve: Exacto, mientras que si ya estás familiarizado con la experiencia, tienes una idea aproximada de lo que implica y lees las instrucciones, entonces tiene sentido. Steve: Aynen, eğer deneyime zaten aşina iseniz, ne dahil olduğu hakkında kabaca bir fikriniz varsa, o zaman talimatları okuyunuz, sonra mantıklı olur. In a way, we have to already know something in order to see it, in order to perceive it, in order to notice things. Bir bakıma, bir şeyi görebilmek, algılayabilmek, fark edebilmek için onu zaten biliyor olmamız gerekir. You might be “pouring” over the instructions, pouring over the manual, trying to “detect”, to “discern”, you know, what is... Puede que estés "escudriñando" las instrucciones, el manual, intentando "detectar", "discernir", ya sabes, qué es... Talimatların üzerine “dökülen”, kılavuzun üzerine dökülen, “tespit etmeye”, “ayırt etmeye” çalışıyor olabilirsiniz.

Jill: …“figure out.” Jill: ... "averiguar". Jill:… “Anla.”

Steve: But figure out is more trying to interpret, but to discern is a seeing thing. Steve: Ama anlamak daha çok yorumlamaya çalışıyor, ama ayırt etmek görmekte olan bir şey. You're trying to sort out by vision what's useful, what's not useful, detect, so these are all forms of seeing, which implies some, you know, interpretation on your part. Intentas distinguir por medio de la visión lo que es útil, lo que no lo es, detectar, así que todo esto son formas de ver, lo que implica cierta, ya sabes, interpretación por tu parte. Neyin yararlı olduğunu, neyin işe yaramadığını, algıladığını görerek çözmeye çalışıyorsunuz, bu yüzden bunların tümü, sizin tarafınızdan bazı, bildiğiniz, yorum anlamına gelen görme biçimleri. You know, I think there are probably more words that relate to vision that we could talk about. I don't think it's a good idea to sort of develop a great long list of these and give our learners a great list and say here, make sure you know when to use these because that's not possible, but we can maybe make people a little bit observant, a little bit sensitive to these differences and ask them to observe these words. Bunların uzunca bir listesini geliştirmek ve öğrencilerimize harika bir liste vermek ve burada söylemek iyi bir fikir değil, bunları ne zaman kullanacağınızı bildiğinizden emin olun çünkü bu mümkün değil, ama belki insanları bir biraz gözlemci, bu farklılıklara biraz duyarlı ve bu sözleri gözlemlemelerini isteyin. Following up on our discussion of last week it might be a good idea to tag some of these words. Geçen haftaki tartışmamızın ardından bu kelimelerin bazılarını etiketlemek iyi bir fikir olabilir. If they save them and they feel that there's an association or they have trouble discerning, seeing, the differences in how to use these words, tag them, collect them as a list and then you can go and study them and see the difference examples and see how they all fit together. Bunları kaydederlerse ve bir çağrışım olduğunu hissederlerse veya bu kelimelerin nasıl kullanılacağına dair farklılıkları ayırt etmekte, görmekte zorlanırlarsa, onları etiketleyin, bir liste olarak toplayın ve sonra gidip onları inceleyebilir, farklı örnekleri görebilir ve hepsinin birbirine nasıl uyduğunu görebilirsiniz. Jill: Very good idea.

Steve: Alright, do you see what I mean?

Jill: I see.

Steve: Alright, what else can we say? Steve: Tamam, başka ne söyleyebiliriz? I think that's about it. Creo que eso es todo. Sanırım bu konuda. One thing that we should perhaps say is that today we talked about different words relating to vision and seeing…

Jill: … and looking.

Steve: I beg your pardon? ¿Cómo dice? Стив: Прошу прощения? Steve: Afedersiniz? And looking and watching, but people may have other groups of words that they would like us to talk about, so we're grateful to Marianne for giving us this list and we look forward to other people giving us requests… Jill: …on the EnglishLingQ Forum.

Steve: On the EnglishLingQ Forum, absolutely, or the LingQ Forum. When you say the EnglishLingQ Forum…

Jill: The EnglishLingQ Forum is in the LingQ Forum.

Steve: It's in the LingQ Forum, okay. Jill: It's a Forum within the Forum. Steve: I wasn't familiar with the term. Steve: Bu terime aşina değildim. Within LingQ there is an English Forum, is that what you mean?

Jill: Within LingQ there is a Forum.

Steve: Right.

Jill: In the Forum there are different Forums: Ask Your Tutor Forum, Support and there's an EnglishLingQ Forum. Steve: Okay, so hopefully, one day we'll get some people doing this in French or Japanese and then we'll have the JapaneseLingQ Forum, there you go. Steve: Tamam, umarım bir gün bunu Fransızca veya Japonca yapan bazı insanlara ulaştıracağız ve sonra JapaneseLingQ Forum'a gideceğiz. Thank you very much Jill.

Jill: Thank you.