×

We use cookies to help make LingQ better. By visiting the site, you agree to our cookie policy.


image

Steve's Language Learning Tips, The BEST Way to Learn New Vocabulary

The BEST Way to Learn New Vocabulary

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here. Today I'm going to talk about vocabulary, words, the most important thing in language learning. Remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, uh, click on the bell to get notifications. The reason I'm talking about this is that I saw in a discussion the other day on, uh, language learning.

Someone said, you know, there are, uh, what does it mean to know a word? There are all these different stages of knowing a word. And there was a great analysis of knowing, you know, a grammar of the word, which word it's used with the different meanings of the word, the scope of meaning of the word, whether you can just recognize it in context.

And to me, all of that is not important. I think there is far too much analysis. Uh, yes, there is a continuum. The first time we see a word, we don't know what it means, of course, or we may guess at it, or we're probably better not to guess by the way, better to look it up has been my experience, but, uh, we get a sense of what the word might mean in a certain context.

And gradually we see the word in other contexts, and we have a sense of the scope of meaning of that word. Maybe the word only has one obvious, meaning like, uh, you know, a wood wood can only be wood W-O-O-D uh, but wooden can mean that someone is not very responsive or emotional, so there can be, you know, shades of meaning of these different words. But these are all things that we gradually acquire and there's no particular benefit in analyzing these different ways in which we know a word, in my opinion. For example, at LingQ, I think one of the very useful things that link is that we count words.

We count the words that you have read. We count the number of words or phrases that you have saved. We tell you how many words you don't know, because you haven't seen them before at LingQ. And from that, we develop a lot of statistics, uh, which are motivating. We have milestones of your achievements, or you can judge the difficulty of a certain text by how many unknown words there are there.

I personally find 10 to 15%, um, unknown words is kind of ideal because I'm learning enough new words, but I'm not having to look up every second or third word, but this'll be, you know, it'll vary from person, person. So, but we don't worry, like people say, well, you know, you can't claim to know 15,000 words because at LingQ we count each form of the word as a different word.

Yeah, it's easier for the computer to measure that. The computer has it for time working out if this word is part of a word family or not, you know, activity, active, action, are they part of the same family? Whatever. I don't know. So words, I think it's best to simplify, to have a Gordian knot approach. The Gordian knot of course, was Alexander was asked to untie this knot, and he just cut it with a sword.

Simplify. The number of words that you can recognize passively in a given context. Good enough. For LingQ, it's good enough. Uh, you may find the next time you see it. You don't know what it means because we forget so much. We forget so much. Forgetting is such a big part of language learning. Forgetting and relearning, forgetting and relearning is, is such an important part.

And because therefore the process is kind of like a fuzzy process where we are gradually absorbing the language and the brain is starting to connect certain things and forgets... to forget certain things. And as long as we are motivated and keep going, we will acquire more and more of the language.

Now, I decided to do a little bit of research for today's video. By the way, you'll notice that my thumb is okay. Some people expressed, you know, the wish that my thumb get better. And all it is is that, uh, with the winter weather and I do all the dishwashing and I really should wear gloves, but then I started getting these little, uh, you know, chaps or, or whatever you want, call it, splits in my thumb.

And so I put a little bit of cream there, a little bit of, uh, you know, um, saran wrap and... bandage it, and that way it gets better. Uh, now, so I went to my, uh, book shelf. Now I have a lot of books on a variety of subjects. I like history. I like politics. I like a lot of different things, but also on language. So I just went and got the books that I have here that deal with words. Vocabulary, and Language Teaching.

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition, Vocabulary Description, Acquisition, and Pedagogy, The Online Educator, that's a little different... Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis. Language Teaching Methodology, How Languages are Learned, whatever. I have a lot of books. I've read them. I think they're overly complicated.

I think that all of that, the Gordian solution is Stephen Krashen. So here is one book that I got when I was in Taiwan, attending a language conference where he was speaking, it's called Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use, The Taipei Lectures. Very inexpensive and tremendous value. And it cuts through all the unnecessary, uh, stuff, uh, Learning Vocabulary in Another Language.

And I could go through them and, I mean, it doesn't really matter. Any page, you open designing and using a simplified reading scheme for vocabulary development, making decisions, using labeled diagrams, vocabulary in discourse, reading and sentence completion... it's a whole bunch of stuff that just complicates everything.

Just keep enjoying the language. Then to have these, also on the subject of how to accumulate words, you have these like TOEFL. So they have a bunch of words and, and, uh, you know, essential TOEFL vocabulary. You'll work very hard to learn the word "treasury" or "preconception" or whatever in the hope that that word will show up on your TOEFL test.

But the reality is that word frequency, declines so quickly that a lot of those low frequency words that you'll go to all that trouble to try and learn, you're going to forget them and chances are, they won't show up on the TOEFL exam. So you're better off to simply spend your time enjoying the language, reading and listening as much as you can to acquire the language naturally.

And in that natural way, eventually words will stick and words can stick quite quickly. It all depends, really... Just going to check my time here. You know, it all depends on how similar the language is to a language you already know. So, uh, I, uh, did a video where I was doing Czech in with my knowledge of Russian

I accumulated words very quickly. Um, you know, if you know Spanish and you do Portuguese, you're accumulating, you're going to accumulate words very quickly. On the other hand, learning Arabic or Persian, uh, not so fast. And in fact, the biggest help is Arabic words in Persian or Persian words in Turkish,

and so it depends what language, you know. Uh, if you're dealing with a language that has very few common, you know, bits of vocabulary, it's going to take you quite a while, but the process is still the same. It's not doing these TOEFL books, it's not doing special... oh, and I should, I was going to read you something too.

I Googled, uh, "what does it mean to know a word?" And so you got this tremendously complicated, you know, understanding its basic meaning, denotation, connotation, understanding the grammatical form, understanding that words may have more than one meaning. We know that from every language. Understanding what variety of English word belongs to. The word doesn't belong to any variety.

Okay. Uh, just by dint of reading or listening to English around a certain context, you're going to learn that vocabulary. Uh, so, and knowing how it relates to other words in lexical, uh sets, hyponomy, meronymy, synonymy, antonomy, I mean, all of this stuff is tremendously complicated.

It keeps the language teachers busy, but it has very little to do with learning. Learning is very simple. Learning words and learning words fast... If you want to learn fast, then choose a language which has a lot of words in common with a language you already know, otherwise be resigned to the fact that it's going to take as long as it takes.

And as long as you are enjoying what you are doing, as long as you are enjoying the language. As long as you have done the things that I referred to in my video on, on having a language plan and you've got content surrounding you that meets your needs and meets your interests and is that your level,

and you keep at it, the words are eventually gonna stick. And that's all you can really do. And, uh, you know, to, to finish off, I would direct you to two videos that I did on the subject of vocabulary acquisition, and the importance of words to reinforce what I've been talking about today. So there you go.

Thank you for listening. Bye for now.


The BEST Way to Learn New Vocabulary Der beste Weg, neue Vokabeln zu lernen La MEJOR manera de aprender nuevo vocabulario La meilleure façon d'apprendre un nouveau vocabulaire Il modo migliore per imparare un nuovo vocabolario 新しい語彙を学ぶ最良の方法 새로운 어휘를 배우는 가장 좋은 방법 Najlepszy sposób na naukę nowego słownictwa A MELHOR maneira de aprender novo vocabulário ЛУЧШИЙ способ выучить новую лексику Det BÄSTA sättet att lära sig nya glosor Yeni Kelime Öğrenmenin EN İYİ Yolu НАЙКРАЩИЙ спосіб вивчити нову лексику 学习新词汇的最佳方式 學習新詞彙的最佳方式

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here. こんにちは、スティーブ・カウフマンです。 Olá, fala Steve Kaufmann. Today I'm going to talk about vocabulary, words, the most important thing in language learning. 今日は語彙、単語、語学学習で最も重要なことについて話します。 Hoje vou falar de vocabulário, palavras, a coisa mais importante na aprendizagem de línguas. Remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, uh, click on the bell to get notifications. これらのビデオを楽しんでいる場合は、サブスクライブしてください。ベルをクリックして通知を受け取ります。 Lembrem-se que se gostarem destes vídeos, subscrevam, uh, cliquem no sino para receberem notificações. The reason I'm talking about this is that I saw in a discussion the other day on, uh, language learning. 私がこれについて話している理由は、先日、言語学習についての議論で見たからです。 A razão pela qual estou a falar disto é que no outro dia vi um debate sobre a aprendizagem de línguas.

Someone said, you know, there are, uh, what does it mean to know a word? 誰かが言った、あなたが知っている、ええと、単語を知ることはどういう意味ですか? Alguém disse, sabe, há, uh, o que é que significa conhecer uma palavra? There are all these different stages of knowing a word. Existují všechny tyto různé fáze poznání slova. 単語を知るには、これらすべての異なる段階があります。 Há todas estas diferentes fases de conhecimento de uma palavra. And there was a great analysis of knowing, you know, a grammar of the word, which word it's used with the different meanings of the word, the scope of meaning of the word, whether you can just recognize it in context. A byla tam skvělá analýza znalosti, víte, gramatiky toho slova, které slovo se používá s různými významy toho slova, rozsah významu toho slova, jestli ho prostě dokážete rozpoznat v kontextu. そして、単語の文法、単語のさまざまな意味で使用されている単語、単語の意味の範囲、文脈でそれを認識できるかどうかを知ることについての素晴らしい分析がありました。 E houve uma grande análise do conhecimento, sabe, da gramática da palavra, da palavra que é usada com os diferentes significados da palavra, do âmbito do significado da palavra, se é possível reconhecê-la no contexto.

And to me, all of that is not important. A pro mě to všechno není důležité. そして私にとって、それはすべて重要ではありません。 E, para mim, tudo isso não é importante. I think there is far too much analysis. Myslím, že analýz je příliš mnoho. 分析が多すぎると思います。 Penso que há demasiadas análises. Я думаю, что анализа слишком много. Uh, yes, there is a continuum. Äh, ja, es gibt ein Kontinuum. ええと、はい、連続体があります。 Sim, há uma continuidade. The first time we see a word, we don't know what it means, of course, or we may guess at it, or we're probably better not to guess by the way, better to look it up has been my experience, but, uh, we get a sense of what the word might mean in a certain context. La primera vez que vemos una palabra, no sabemos lo que significa, por supuesto, o podemos adivinarlo, o probablemente es mejor no adivinar por cierto, mejor buscarlo ha sido mi experiencia, pero, eh, tenemos una idea de lo que la palabra podría significar en un contexto determinado. もちろん、初めて単語を見たときは、それが何を意味するのかわからないか、推測するかもしれません。あるいは、推測しないほうがいいでしょう。調べたほうがいいのは私の経験です。しかし、ええと、私たちはその単語が特定の文脈で何を意味するのかを理解します。 A primeira vez que vemos uma palavra, não sabemos o que significa, é claro, ou podemos adivinhar, ou provavelmente é melhor não adivinhar, a minha experiência diz-me que é melhor procurar, mas temos uma ideia do que a palavra pode significar num determinado contexto.

And gradually we see the word in other contexts, and we have a sense of the scope of meaning of that word. そして徐々に他の文脈でその単語を見て、その単語の意味の範囲を感じます。 E, gradualmente, vemos a palavra noutros contextos, e temos uma noção do alcance do significado dessa palavra. Maybe the word only has one obvious, meaning like, uh, you know, a wood wood can only be wood W-O-O-D uh, but wooden can mean that someone is not very responsive or emotional, so there can be, you know, shades of meaning of these different words. たぶん、その言葉には明白な意味が1つしかないのかもしれません。たとえば、木は木だけですが、木は誰かがあまり反応しない、または感情的でないことを意味する可能性があるので、意味の色合いがある可能性があります。これらの異なる言葉の。 Talvez a palavra tenha apenas um significado óbvio, como, uh, sabe, um wood wood só pode ser wood W-O-O-D uh, mas wooden pode significar que alguém não é muito reativo ou emocional, por isso pode haver, sabe, nuances de significado destas diferentes palavras. But these are all things that we gradually acquire and there's no particular benefit in analyzing these different ways in which we know a word, in my opinion. しかし、これらはすべて私たちが徐々に習得するものであり、私の意見では、私たちが単語を知っているこれらのさまざまな方法を分析することに特別な利点はありません。 Mas tudo isto são coisas que adquirimos gradualmente e, na minha opinião, não há nenhum benefício especial em analisar estas diferentes formas de conhecer uma palavra. For example, at LingQ, I think one of the very useful things that link is that we count words. たとえば、LingQでは、リンクする非常に便利なことの1つは、単語を数えることだと思います。 Por exemplo, no LingQ, penso que uma das coisas muito úteis que ligam é o facto de contarmos as palavras.

We count the words that you have read. 私たちはあなたが読んだ単語を数えます。 Contamos as palavras que leu. We count the number of words or phrases that you have saved. 保存した単語やフレーズの数をカウントします。 Contamos o número de palavras ou frases que guardou. We tell you how many words you don't know, because you haven't seen them before at LingQ. LingQで見たことがないので、わからない単語がいくつあるかを教えてくれます。 Dizemos-lhe quantas palavras não conhece, porque nunca as viu antes no LingQ. And from that, we develop a lot of statistics, uh, which are motivating. そして、そこから、やる気を起こさせる多くの統計を作成します。 E a partir daí, desenvolvemos uma série de estatísticas, que são motivadoras. We have milestones of your achievements, or you can judge the difficulty of a certain text by how many unknown words there are there. 私たちはあなたの業績のマイルストーンを持っています、またはあなたはそこにある未知の単語の数によって特定のテキストの難しさを判断することができます。 Temos marcos das tuas conquistas, ou podes avaliar a dificuldade de um determinado texto pelo número de palavras desconhecidas que lá se encontram.

I personally find 10 to 15%, um, unknown words is kind of ideal because I'm learning enough new words, but I'm not having to look up every second or third word, but this'll be, you know, it'll vary from person, person. 個人的には10〜15%だと思いますが、新しい単語を十分に学んでいるので、未知の単語は理想的ですが、2番目または3番目の単語ごとに調べる必要はありませんが、これはそうなるでしょう。人によって異なります。 Pessoalmente, considero que 10 a 15% de palavras desconhecidas é o ideal, porque estou a aprender palavras novas suficientes, mas não tenho de procurar a cada duas ou três palavras, mas isso varia de pessoa para pessoa. So, but we don't worry, like people say, well, you know, you can't claim to know 15,000 words because at LingQ we count each form of the word as a different word. ですが、心配する必要はありません。人々が言うように、LingQでは単語の各形式を異なる単語としてカウントするため、15,000語を知っていると主張することはできません。 Por isso, mas não nos preocupamos, como as pessoas dizem, bem, sabes, não podes afirmar que conheces 15.000 palavras porque no LingQ contamos cada forma da palavra como uma palavra diferente.

Yeah, it's easier for the computer to measure that. ええ、コンピュータがそれを測定するのは簡単です。 Sim, é mais fácil para o computador medir isso. The computer has it for time working out if this word is part of a word family or not, you know, activity, active, action, are they part of the same family? La computadora tiene tiempo para averiguar si esta palabra es parte de una familia de palabras o no, ya sabes, actividad, activo, acción, ¿son parte de la misma familia? この単語が単語ファミリーの一部であるかどうかを判断するために、コンピューターはしばらくの間それを持っています、あなたが知っている、活動、アクティブ、アクション、それらは同じ家族の一部ですか? O computador tem tempo para perceber se esta palavra faz parte de uma família de palavras ou não, sabe, atividade, ativo, ação, fazem parte da mesma família? 计算机是否有时间计算出这个单词是否属于单词家族,您知道活动,活跃,行动,它们是否属于同一家族? Whatever. なんでもいい。 Não importa. I don't know. 分からないよ。 Não sei. So words, I think it's best to simplify, to have a Gordian knot approach. Takže slova, myslím, že je nejlepší je zjednodušit, mít přístup gordického uzlu. つまり、単純化して、ゴーディアンノットアプローチを採用するのが最善だと思います。 Dus woorden, ik denk dat het het beste is om te vereenvoudigen, om een Gordiaanse knoopbenadering te hebben. Por isso, em termos de palavras, penso que é melhor simplificar, ter uma abordagem do tipo "nó górdio". The Gordian knot of course, was Alexander was asked to untie this knot, and he just cut it with a sword. Gordický uzel samozřejmě byl Alexander požádán, aby tento uzel rozvázal, a on ho jen přeťal mečem. もちろん、ゴーディアンの結び目は、アレクサンダーがこの結び目を解くように頼まれたので、彼はそれを剣で切っただけでした。 O nó górdio, claro, foi pedido a Alexandre que o desatasse e ele cortou-o com uma espada.

Simplify. Zjednodušit. 簡素化する。 Simplificar. The number of words that you can recognize passively in a given context. Počet slov, která dokážete pasivně rozpoznat v daném kontextu. 特定のコンテキストで受動的に認識できる単語の数。 O número de palavras que consegue reconhecer passivamente num determinado contexto. Количество слов, которые вы можете пассивно распознать в данном контексте. Good enough. Dostatečně dobrý. 十分です。 É suficientemente bom. For LingQ, it's good enough. Pro LingQ je to dost dobré. LingQの場合、それで十分です。 Para o LingQ, é suficiente. Uh, you may find the next time you see it. Uh, možná to najdete, až to příště uvidíte. ええと、あなたはそれを次に見るときに見つけるかもしれません。 Talvez o descubras da próxima vez que o vires. You don't know what it means because we forget so much. Nevíte, co to znamená, protože tolik zapomínáme. 忘れてしまうのでどういう意味かわかりません。 Não se sabe o que significa porque nos esquecemos de muita coisa. We forget so much. Tolik zapomínáme. 忘れてしまいます。 Esquecemo-nos de tanta coisa. Forgetting is such a big part of language learning. Zapomínání je tak velkou součástí jazykového vzdělávání. 忘却は言語学習のとても大きな部分です。 O esquecimento é uma parte muito importante da aprendizagem de línguas. Forgetting and relearning, forgetting and relearning is, is such an important part. Zapomínání a přeučení, zapomnění a přeučení je tak důležitou součástí. 忘却と再学習、忘却と再学習はとても重要な部分です。 Esquecer e reaprender, esquecer e reaprender é, é uma parte muito importante.

And because therefore the process is kind of like a fuzzy process where we are gradually absorbing the language and the brain is starting to connect certain things and forgets... to forget certain things. A protože tento proces je něco jako nejasný proces, kdy postupně vstřebáváme jazyk a mozek si začíná spojovat určité věci a zapomíná... zapomínat na určité věci. Y porque, por lo tanto, el proceso es como un proceso borroso en el que gradualmente absorbemos el lenguaje y el cerebro comienza a conectar ciertas cosas y se olvida... de olvidar ciertas cosas. したがって、このプロセスは、言語を徐々に吸収し、脳が特定のものを接続し始め、特定のものを忘れる...特定のものを忘れるというファジープロセスのようなものだからです。 E porque, portanto, o processo é uma espécie de processo difuso em que estamos a absorver gradualmente a língua e o cérebro começa a ligar certas coisas e esquece-se... esquece-se de certas coisas. And as long as we are motivated and keep going, we will acquire more and more of the language. A dokud budeme motivovaní a budeme pokračovat, budeme si osvojovat stále více a více jazyka. そして、やる気があり続けている限り、ますます多くの言語を習得していきます。 E enquanto estivermos motivados e continuarmos, iremos adquirir cada vez mais a língua.

Now, I decided to do a little bit of research for today's video. Nyní jsem se rozhodl udělat malý průzkum pro dnešní video. さて、今日のビデオのために少し調べてみることにしました。 Agora, decidi fazer um pouco de pesquisa para o vídeo de hoje. By the way, you'll notice that my thumb is okay. Mimochodem, všimnete si, že můj palec je v pořádku. ちなみに、私の親指は大丈夫です。 Já agora, reparem que o meu polegar está bem. Some people expressed, you know, the wish that my thumb get better. Někteří lidé vyjádřili, víte, přání, aby se můj palec zlepšil. 一部の人々は、あなたが知っているように、私の親指が良くなることを願っています。 Algumas pessoas expressaram o desejo de que o meu polegar melhorasse. And all it is is that, uh, with the winter weather and I do all the dishwashing and I really should wear gloves, but then I started getting these little, uh, you know, chaps or, or whatever you want, call it, splits in my thumb. A všechno je to, že, uh, s tím zimním počasím a já dělám všechno mytí nádobí a opravdu bych měl nosit rukavice, ale pak jsem začal dostávat tyhle malé, uh, víte, chlápci nebo, nebo jak tomu chcete říkat, rozštěpí se mi palec. Y todo es que, uh, con el clima invernal y yo lavo los platos y realmente debería usar guantes, pero luego comencé a tener estos pequeños, uh, ya sabes, chaparreras o, o como quieras, llámalo, se parte en mi pulgar. そして、それは、ええと、冬の天候で、私はすべての食器洗いをします、そして私は本当に手袋を着用する必要があります、しかしそれから私はこれらの小さな、ええと、あなたが知っている、チャップス、またはあなたが望むものは何でもそれを呼び始めました、私の親指で割れます。 En het enige is dat, uh, met het winterweer en ik de afwas doe en ik eigenlijk handschoenen moet dragen, maar toen begon ik deze kleine, uh, je weet wel, kerels of, of hoe je het ook wilt noemen, te krijgen, scheurt in mijn duim. E tudo o que acontece é que, uh, com o tempo de inverno e eu lavo toda a loiça e devia mesmo usar luvas, mas depois comecei a ter estas pequenas, uh, sabe, chaps ou, ou como lhe quiser chamar, fendas no meu polegar.

And so I put a little bit of cream there, a little bit of, uh, you know, um, saran wrap and... bandage it, and that way it gets better. A tak jsem tam dal trochu krému, trochu, uh, víš, ehm, saranového zábalu a... obvázal jsem to, a tak se to zlepší. だから私はそこに少しクリームを入れました、ええと、ええと、ええと、サランラップと...それを包帯で包むと、それは良くなります。 En dus deed ik er een beetje crème op, een beetje, uh, je weet wel, saran wrap en... verband het, en op die manier wordt het beter. Por isso, ponho um pouco de creme, um pouco de película aderente e... faço uma ligadura, e assim fica melhor. Uh, now, so I went to my, uh, book shelf. Uh, teď, tak jsem šel do své, uh, police na knihy. Uh, ahora, así que fui a mi, uh, estante de libros. ええと、今、私は私の、ええと、本棚に行きました。 Então, fui à minha estante de livros. Now I have a lot of books on a variety of subjects. 今、私はさまざまな主題に関する本をたくさん持っています。 Agora tenho muitos livros sobre vários assuntos. I like history. 私は歴史が好きだ。 Gosto de história. I like politics. Gosto de política. I like a lot of different things, but also on language. 私は色々なことが好きですが、言語も好きです。 Gosto de muitas coisas diferentes, mas também da língua. So I just went and got the books that I have here that deal with words. だから私はちょうど行って、ここにある言葉を扱った本を手に入れました。 Por isso, fui buscar os livros que tenho aqui que tratam de palavras. Vocabulary, and Language Teaching. 語彙、および外国語教育。 Vocabulário e ensino de línguas.

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition,  Vocabulary Description, Acquisition, and Pedagogy, The Online Educator, that's a little different... Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis. 第二言語語彙習得、語彙の説明、習得、教育学、オンライン教育者、それは少し違う...第二言語習得、ロッド・エリス Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition, Vocabulary Description, Acquisition, and Pedagogy, The Online Educator, isso é um pouco diferente... Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis. Language Teaching Methodology, How Languages are Learned, whatever. 言語教授法、言語はどのように習得されるか、など。 Metodologia do ensino das línguas, Como se aprendem as línguas, etc. I have a lot of books. 私はたくさんの本を持っている。 Tenho muitos livros. I've read them. Eu li-os. I think they're overly complicated. Penso que são demasiado complicados.

I think that all of that, the Gordian solution is Stephen Krashen. そのすべてが、スティーブン・クラッシェンのゴルディアス解だと思う。 Penso que tudo isso, a solução górdio é Stephen Krashen. Я думаю, что решение Гордиана - Стивен Крашен. So here is one book that I got when I was in Taiwan, attending a language conference where he was speaking, it's called Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use, The Taipei Lectures. Takže tady je jedna kniha, kterou jsem dostal, když jsem byl na Tchaj-wanu na jazykové konferenci, kde hovořil, jmenuje se Průzkumy osvojování a používání jazyka, Taipei Lectures. それで、これは私が台湾にいて、彼が話していた言語会議に出席したときに私が手に入れた一冊の本です。それは言語習得と使用の探求、台北レクチャーと呼ばれています。 Este é um livro que comprei quando estive em Taiwan, numa conferência sobre línguas onde ele estava a falar. Chama-se Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use, The Taipei Lectures. Very inexpensive and tremendous value. Velmi levná a obrovská hodnota. Sehr preiswert und enormer Wert. Muito económico e de grande valor. And it cuts through all the unnecessary, uh, stuff, uh, Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. A probere všechny zbytečné, uh, věci, uh, Učení slovní zásoby v jiném jazyce. そして、それはすべての不必要な、ええと、もの、ええと、別の言語での語彙の学習を切り抜けます。 E elimina todas as coisas desnecessárias... Aprender vocabulário noutra língua. И это убирает все ненужное, э-э, лексику на другом языке.

And I could go through them and, I mean, it doesn't really matter. A mohl bych jimi projít a vlastně na tom nezáleží. そして、僕はそれを見ていくことができたし、つまり、それは本当に重要なことではないんだ。 E eu podia passar por eles e, quer dizer, não importa. Any page, you open designing and using a simplified reading scheme for vocabulary development, making decisions, using labeled diagrams, vocabulary in discourse, reading and sentence completion... it's a whole bunch of stuff that just complicates everything. Jakoukoli stránku, kterou otevřete, navrhnete a použijete zjednodušené schéma čtení pro rozvoj slovní zásoby, rozhodování, používání označených diagramů, slovní zásobu v diskurzu, čtení a dokončování vět... je to spousta věcí, které všechno jen komplikují. どのページでも、語彙発達、意思決定、ラベル付き図の使用、談話中の語彙、読解、文の完成のための簡略化された読解スキームの設計と使用を開きます...それはすべてを複雑にするだけのものです。 Em qualquer página, abre-se a conceção e a utilização de um esquema de leitura simplificado para o desenvolvimento do vocabulário, a tomada de decisões, a utilização de diagramas com etiquetas, o vocabulário no discurso, a leitura e a conclusão de frases... é uma série de coisas que complicam tudo.

Just keep enjoying the language. Jen si dál užívejte jazyk. ただ言葉を楽しみ続ける。 Continua a apreciar a língua. Then to have these, also on the subject of how to accumulate words, you have these like TOEFL. Abyste je měli, také na téma, jak shromažďovat slova, máte tyto jako TOEFL. 次に、これらを持っているために、単語を蓄積する方法についても、TOEFLのように持っています。 Depois, para ter estes, também sobre a questão de como acumular palavras, tem estes como o TOEFL. So they have a bunch of words and, and, uh, you know, essential TOEFL vocabulary. Takže mají spoustu slov a, uh, víte, základní slovní zásobu TOEFL. だから、TOEFLに必要な単語がたくさんあるんだ。 Portanto, têm um monte de palavras e, e, uh, sabe, vocabulário essencial para o TOEFL. You'll work very hard to learn the word "treasury" or "preconception" or whatever in the hope that that word will show up on your TOEFL test. Budete velmi tvrdě pracovat, abyste se naučili slovo „pokladnice“ nebo „předpojatost“ nebo cokoli jiného v naději, že se toto slovo objeví ve vašem testu TOEFL. 「財務省」や「先入観」などの単語がTOEFLテストに表示されることを期待して、その単語を学ぶために一生懸命勉強します。 Esforçar-se-á muito para aprender a palavra "treasury" (tesouro) ou "preconception" (preconceito) ou o que quer que seja, na esperança de que essa palavra apareça no seu teste TOEFL.

But the reality is that word frequency, declines so quickly that a lot of those low frequency words that you'll go to all that trouble to try and learn, you're going to forget them and chances are, they won't show up on the TOEFL exam. Ale realita je taková, že frekvence slov klesá tak rychle, že spousta těch nízkofrekvenčních slov, která budete muset zkoušet a učit se, je zapomenete a je pravděpodobné, že se neobjeví. na zkoušku TOEFL. Pero la realidad es que la frecuencia de las palabras disminuye tan rápido que muchas de esas palabras de baja frecuencia que te tomarás tanto trabajo para tratar de aprender, las olvidarás y lo más probable es que no aparezcan. en el examen TOEFL. しかし、現実には、単語の頻度は急速に低下するため、低頻度の単語の多くは、苦労して学習しようとします。それらを忘れてしまう可能性があります。それらは表示されません。 TOEFL試験で。 Mas a realidade é que a frequência das palavras diminui tão rapidamente que muitas das palavras de baixa frequência que se deu ao trabalho de tentar aprender, vai esquecê-las e é provável que não apareçam no exame TOEFL. So you're better off to simply spend your time enjoying the language, reading and listening as much as you can to acquire the language naturally. Takže je lepší trávit čas tím, že si jazyk užíváte, čtete a posloucháte co nejvíce, abyste si jazyk osvojili přirozeně. ですから、自然に言語を習得するために、できるだけ多くの時間をかけて言語を楽しんだり、読んだり聞いたりするほうがよいでしょう。 Por isso, é preferível passar o tempo a apreciar a língua, a ler e a ouvir o máximo que puder para adquirir a língua naturalmente.

And in that natural way, eventually words will stick and words can stick quite quickly. A tímto přirozeným způsobem nakonec slova přilnou a slova se mohou slepit docela rychle. そして、その自然な方法で、最終的に言葉は固執し、言葉は非常に速く固執する可能性があります。 E, dessa forma natural, as palavras acabam por se fixar e podem fixar-se muito rapidamente. It all depends, really... Just going to check my time here. Všechno to závisí, opravdu... Jen si tady zkontroluji čas. それはすべて、本当に...ここで私の時間をチェックするつもりです。 Tudo depende, de facto... Só vou verificar o meu tempo aqui. You know, it all depends on how similar the language is to a language you already know. Víte, vše záleží na tom, jak moc je daný jazyk podobný jazyku, který již znáte. あなたが知っている、それはすべてあなたがすでに知っている言語に言語がどれほど似ているかに依存します。 Tudo depende do grau de semelhança da língua com uma língua que já conhecemos. So, uh, I, uh, did a video where I was doing Czech in with my knowledge of Russian Takže, ehm, udělal jsem video, kde jsem dělal češtinu se znalostí ruštiny それで、ええと、私は、ええと、私がロシア語の知識を持ってチェコ語をやっていたビデオを作りました Por isso, fiz um vídeo em que estava a fazer checo com os meus conhecimentos de russo

I accumulated words very quickly. Slova jsem nasbíral velmi rychle. 言葉の蓄積はとても早かった。 Acumulo palavras muito rapidamente. Um, you know, if you know Spanish and you do Portuguese, you're accumulating, you're going to accumulate words very quickly. Hm, víš, když umíš španělsky a umíš portugalsky, hromadíš se, hodně rychle se ti hromadí slova. スペイン語を知っていて、ポルトガル語をやっていれば、単語はどんどん貯まっていく。 Se soubermos espanhol e português, estamos a acumular, vamos acumular palavras muito rapidamente. On the other hand, learning Arabic or Persian, uh, not so fast. Na druhou stranu, učit se arabsky nebo persky, uh, ne tak rychle. 一方、アラビア語やペルシア語を学ぶのは、それほど速くはありません。 Por outro lado, aprender árabe ou persa, não tão depressa. And in fact, the biggest help is Arabic words in Persian or Persian words in Turkish, A vlastně největší pomocí jsou arabská slova v perštině nebo perská slova v turečtině, そして実際、最大の助けはペルシア語のアラビア語またはトルコ語のペルシア語です。 E, de facto, a maior ajuda são as palavras árabes em persa ou as palavras persas em turco,

and so it depends what language, you know. a tak záleží na jakém jazyce, víte. ですから、それはどの言語に依存するのか、あなたは知っています。 e, portanto, depende da língua, sabe? Uh, if you're dealing with a language that has very few common, you know, bits of vocabulary, it's going to take you quite a while, but the process is still the same. Uh, pokud máte co do činění s jazykem, který má jen velmi málo společných, víte, kousků slovní zásoby, bude vám to chvíli trvat, ale proces je stále stejný. Uh, si estás tratando con un idioma que tiene muy pocas partes comunes de vocabulario, te llevará bastante tiempo, pero el proceso sigue siendo el mismo. ええと、一般的な語彙がほとんどない言語を扱っている場合は、かなり時間がかかりますが、プロセスは同じです。 Se estivermos a lidar com uma língua que tem muito poucos vocábulos comuns, vai demorar algum tempo, mas o processo continua a ser o mesmo. It's not doing these TOEFL books, it's not doing special... oh, and I should, I was going to read you something too. それはこれらのTOEFLの本をしていません、それは特別なことをしていません...ああ、そして私はあなたにも何かを読むつもりでした。 Não é fazer estes livros de TOEFL, não é fazer especiais... oh, e eu devia, ia ler-lhe uma coisa também.

I Googled, uh, "what does it mean to know a word?" Zadal jsem do Googlu, uh, "co to znamená znát slovo?" 私はグーグルで検索しました、ええと、「単語を知ることはどういう意味ですか?」 Pesquisei no Google, uh, "o que é que significa saber uma palavra?" And so you got this tremendously complicated, you know, understanding its basic meaning, denotation, connotation, understanding the grammatical form, understanding that words may have more than one meaning. A tak to máte ohromně komplikované, víte, pochopit jeho základní význam, denotaci, konotaci, pochopit gramatický tvar, pochopit, že slova mohou mít více než jeden význam. つまり、基本的な意味、意味、意味合いを理解し、文法的な形式を理解し、言葉には複数の意味があることを理解する。 E assim, temos uma situação tremendamente complicada, como sabem, compreender o significado básico, a denotação, a conotação, compreender a forma gramatical, compreender que as palavras podem ter mais do que um significado. We know that from every language. 私たちはどの言語でもそれを知っている。 Sabemos isso em todas as línguas. Understanding what variety of English word belongs to. Comprender a qué variedad de palabra inglesa pertenece. 英語の単語の種類を理解する。 Compreender a que variedade de inglês pertence a palavra. 了解英语单词的种类。 The word doesn't belong to any variety. その言葉はどの種類にも属していません。 A palavra não pertence a nenhuma variedade.

Okay. オーケー。 Está bem. Uh, just by dint of reading or listening to English around a certain context, you're going to learn that vocabulary. ええと、特定の文脈で英語を読んだり聞いたりするだけで、その語彙を学ぶことができます。 Uh, só pelo facto de ler ou ouvir inglês num determinado contexto, vai aprender esse vocabulário. Uh, so, and knowing how it relates to other words in lexical, uh sets, hyponomy, meronymy, synonymy, antonomy, I mean, all of this stuff is tremendously complicated. Uh, entonces, y saber cómo se relaciona con otras palabras en léxico, uh conjuntos, hiponomía, meronimia, sinonimia, antonomia, quiero decir, todo esto es tremendamente complicado. そして、その単語が他の単語とどのような関係にあるのかを知ることは、語彙の集合、ハイポノミー、メロニミー、シノニミー、アントノミー、つまり、これらすべてがとてつもなく複雑なのだ。 Portanto, saber como se relaciona com outras palavras no léxico, conjuntos, hiponímia, meronímia, sinonímia, antonímia, ou seja, tudo isto é tremendamente complicado. Итак, и зная, как это соотносится с другими словами в лексических, э-э, наборах, гипономии, меронимии, синонимии, антономии, я имею в виду, все это чрезвычайно сложно. 嗯,所以,并且知道它与词汇,呃集,虚伪性,代名词,同义词,无义性之间的关系,我的意思是,所有这些东西都非常复杂。

It keeps the language teachers busy, but it has very little to do with learning. それは語学教師を忙しくさせますが、それは学習とはほとんど関係がありません。 Mantém os professores de línguas ocupados, mas tem muito pouco a ver com a aprendizagem. Learning is very simple. A aprendizagem é muito simples. Learning words and learning words fast... If you want to learn fast, then choose a language which has a lot of words in common with a language you already know, otherwise be resigned to the fact that it's going to take as long as it takes. Aprender palabras y aprender palabras rápido... Si quieres aprender rápido, entonces elige un idioma que tenga muchas palabras en común con un idioma que ya conoces, de lo contrario, resignarte al hecho de que te llevará tanto tiempo como sea posible. toma. 単語を学ぶことと単語を速く学ぶこと...あなたが速く学びたいなら、あなたがすでに知っている言語と共通の単語がたくさんある言語を選んでください、さもなければそれがそれと同じくらい長くかかるという事実に辞任しますかかります。 Woorden leren en woorden snel leren... Als je snel wilt leren, kies dan een taal die veel woorden gemeen heeft met een taal die je al kent, anders moet je erbij neerleggen dat het zo lang gaat duren als het neemt. Aprender palavras e aprender palavras rapidamente... Se quer aprender depressa, então escolha uma língua que tenha muitas palavras em comum com uma língua que já conheça, caso contrário, resigne-se ao facto de que vai demorar o tempo que for preciso.

And as long as you are enjoying what you are doing, as long as you are enjoying the language. Y mientras disfrutes de lo que haces, mientras disfrutes del idioma. そして、あなたがしていることを楽しんでいる限り、あなたが言語を楽しんでいる限り。 E desde que se esteja a gostar do que se está a fazer, desde que se esteja a gostar da língua. As long as you have done the things that I referred to in my video on, on having a language plan and you've got content surrounding you that meets your needs and meets your interests and is that your level, あなたが私のビデオで言及したことをしている限り、言語計画を立てることで、あなたはあなたのニーズを満たし、あなたの興味を満たし、あなたのレベルであるあなたの周りのコンテンツを持っています、 Desde que tenha feito as coisas que referi no meu vídeo sobre ter um plano linguístico e tenha à sua volta conteúdos que satisfaçam as suas necessidades e interesses e que sejam do seu nível, 只要您做了我在视频中提到的事情,制定了语言计划,并且您周围的内容就可以满足您的需求和兴趣,并且您的水平,

and you keep at it, the words are eventually gonna stick. そしてあなたはそれを維持します、言葉は最終的に固執するつもりです。 e se continuar a fazê-lo, as palavras acabarão por se fixar. And that's all you can really do. そして、それがあなたが本当にできることのすべてです。 E isso é tudo o que se pode realmente fazer. And, uh, you know, to, to finish off, I would direct you to two videos that I did on the subject of vocabulary acquisition, and the importance of words to reinforce what I've been talking about today. そして、ええと、最後に、語彙の習得と、今日話していることを補強するための言葉の重要性について私が行った2つのビデオを紹介します。 E, para terminar, gostaria de vos indicar dois vídeos que fiz sobre o tema da aquisição de vocabulário e a importância das palavras para reforçar o que tenho estado a dizer hoje. So there you go. So there you go. Então, aí está.

Thank you for listening. Obrigado pela vossa atenção. Bye for now.