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Steve's Language Learning Tips, Learning How To Learn

Learning How To Learn

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here. You know, I think many people want to learn a number of things, including they want to learn languages. I think a lot of people don't know how to learn. So my video today is about learning how to learn. And remember, if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe. You can click on the bell and you'll get notifications.

Now, what I'm about to say is very much personal. How I view learning based on my experience, watching others, what works for me and the reading that I have done about how the brain learns. And I'm not a neuroscientist. I often quote Manfred Spitzer Lernen...you know, brain research and the school of life.

And I just looked into my library, you know, uh, The Mind and the Brain, which talks about how we can will our brain to do certain things. The Right Mind. I mean, there's lots of books I've read on the brain. My view is that to be successful at learning, in other words, to learn how to learn, you have to have

uh, an image, a vision of how you think your brain learns. Um, my vision of how my brain learns is based on my experience and what I've read on how the brain learns. So I'm persuaded that our brain, and Manfred Spitzer refers to this quite often, our brain starts to form neural connections between... connections between neurons.

Uh, based on our experience. And as long as the brain is gaining new experience, it's forming new neural connections. So it's constantly learning, the brain cannot do otherwise than learn. Um, however, Spitzer points out the brain is not very good at learning details because whatever it learns, it forgets.

So that the specific things that we are trying to learn, which might be a list of vocabulary items, it might be grammar rules, it might be something else... those things, we can retain them for a short time and then they're quickly forgotten. But the underlying patterns in those bits of information is what the brain is very good at putting together.

And that's why the... if we weren't able to do that, we would be dealing with every situation in life as if it was the first time we ever encountered that situation. Whereas in fact, what happens is the brain builds up these patterns to enable us to navigate our way through life. That's true of everything that happens to us in life.

It's true in language learning. So my focus in language learning, as I've said many times, is to expose myself to as much language, if I'm learning a language, language, content as possible and not to worry too much about specific rules, specific words. Uh, you know, I saw a thing the other day, teachers on Twitter were saying, you know, should we teach kids

these words or those words? You know, two different word lists. It's not up to the teacher to decide which words the kids should learn or to attempt to teach these words. All the teacher can do is to provide an environment where the learner is motivated, is interested because it's something of interest.

And by being exposed to this over and over again, gradually certain patterns will form in the brain. And so, you know, I'm quite content in my Arabic. I'm not ever going to test myself. Uh, I'm just happy to listen to, uh, you know, a transcript of an, of a podcast, uh, go through it, maybe in sentence view, maybe in full text view, listen to it, read it.

Of course, if I spoke more, I'd get better at speaking, but let's not underestimate the power of listening and reading because when you are reading.,You're interpreting symbols and converting those symbols into meaning. That is a powerful activity that is active. That's not just passive. Now we know, for example, you've heard that say a London taxi driver who has to memorize, has to get to know all the little streets and alleyways in london. That part of his brain, a certain part of his brain grows as a result. So yeah, all of our activity, even what we might consider to be passive activity in fact, is creating changes in the brain. Learning is about change. Learning is not about being able to produce something.

Now, you know, here's a test, get it right. It's not about that. It's about gradually exposing yourself to a variety of stimulus, allowing your brain to form patterns. And, and having the confidence that the brain is doing its job. It's not going to do it, you know, according to some timetable that you set for the brain. The brain learns, but the brain learns slowly.

That's what Spitzer says. Similarly, even if you are an adult say, or an older person like me, and maybe you create new neural connections more slowly, or the plasticity of the brain is not as quick as it used to be when you were 12, on the other hand, the brain is bringing in this information, relating it to things that you already know, experience, life, experience, knowledge, vocabulary, uh, you know, knowledge about different content areas and stuff.

All of which makes it easier in some ways for you to learn. But the process is essentially the same and you have to have confidence in that ability. Once you've had enough exposure to the language, uh, your brain has started to form certain patterns. If you want to look at some rules to remind you of things or to point some things out that you didn't notice, that's fine.

But the idea that somehow the brain can absorb specific rules or specific lists, that they can, that the brain can deliberately learn these things at one sitting I think has been increasingly debunked. So learning to learn means learning to learn in a way that corresponds to how your brain learns or how you would like to think of your brain learning, because it's also very subjective.

And so putting pressure on yourself to, uh, you know, to, to learn certain things that I want to learn them now, eh, that is not a very effective way of learning. If you can find a way to enjoy, in the case of languages, content, or if you're trying to learn through the language about the history of a certain period, if you can get a variety of different content items on a related theme, where to some extent related vocabulary is going to appear, and the subject that you are gradually becoming familiar with, you know, shows up in all of these different stories, uh, all of that is going to help you learn.

So, so you have to have this approach of just letting it come to you, having the confidence that you can do it, um, enjoying the process and trusting your brain. I think a big part of learning how to learn is to, to learn to trust your brain. And don't worry whether you got five out of 10 on a drill. Uh, or whether you remembered a certain, uh, you know, word list. If the, the language comes into you and you keep staying with it, you're going to learn.

That's what you need to know. That's to me learning how to learn. Don't let the teacher impose this word list or these stories, get out and explore. Let the brain enjoy the language. Let yourself enjoy the language and the brain will learn. And I think learning how to learn is, is no more complicated than that.

Yes, there are details on where you can go find, you know, content of interest and people can help you find that. Or how do you, how do you utilize, you know, Google translate or text to speech or Netflix or YouTube or LingQ or any of the other, you know, online dictionaries and different apps and all of that kind of stuff.

But those are the details again. Learning how to learn to me means having a, uh, um, sort of, uh, a vision of yourself as a learner, which corresponds to how the brain learns and just sit back and enjoy the process. And you will succeed. You will succeed. You have to believe that you're going to succeed.

Don't second guess yourself. And so that's what I wanted to talk about. And, um, I'm going to leave you with two videos that I did, uh, Over the past few years, which touch on the same theme because more or less the, the theme is constant. You have to believe in yourself and you have to enjoy the process.

Learning How To Learn Lernen, wie man lernt Aprender a aprender Apprendre à apprendre Imparare a imparare 学び方を学ぶ 학습 방법 배우기 Uczenie się, jak się uczyć Aprender a aprender Как научиться учиться Nasıl Öğrenileceğini Öğrenmek Вчимося вчитися 学习如何学习 学会如何学习

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here. You know, I think many people want to learn a number of things, including they want to learn languages. 你知道,我认为很多人想学习很多东西,包括他们想学习语言。 I think a lot of people don't know how to learn. So my video today is about learning how to learn. Por isso, o meu vídeo de hoje é sobre aprender a aprender. And remember, if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe. You can click on the bell and you'll get notifications. ベルをクリックすれば通知が届く。 Pode clicar no sino e receberá notificações. 您可以点击铃声,您会收到通知。

Now, what I'm about to say is very much personal. O que vou dizer agora é muito pessoal. 现在,我要说的是非常个人化的事情。 How I view learning based on my experience, watching others, what works for me and the reading that I have done about how the brain learns. 自分の経験に基づいて学習をどのように見ているか、他の人を見て、自分にとって何が効果的か、そして脳がどのように学習するかについて私が行った読書。 Como eu vejo a aprendizagem com base na minha experiência, observando os outros, o que funciona para mim e a leitura que fiz sobre como o cérebro aprende. 我如何看待学习是基于我的经验、观察他人、什么对我有效以及我对大脑如何学习的阅读。 And I'm not a neuroscientist. それに私は神経科学者ではない。 E eu não sou neurocientista. I often quote Manfred Spitzer Lernen...you know, brain research and the school of life. 私はよくマンフレート・スピッツァー・レルネンを引用します...あなたが知っている、脳の研究と生命の学校。 Cito muitas vezes Manfred Spitzer Lernen... sabe, a investigação sobre o cérebro e a escola da vida. 我经常引用曼弗雷德·斯皮策·勒南(Manfred Spitzer Lernen)的话……你知道,大脑研究和生命学院。

And I just looked into my library, you know, uh, The Mind and the Brain, which talks about how we can will our brain to do certain things. 今、図書館で『心と脳』を見てきたんだけど、脳がある特定のことをするように意志を持つ方法について書いてあるんだ。 E acabei de consultar a minha biblioteca, sabem, uh, The Mind and the Brain, que fala sobre como podemos obrigar o nosso cérebro a fazer certas coisas. 我刚刚查看了我的图书馆,你知道,呃,《心灵和大脑》,它讨论了我们如何让我们的大脑去做某些事情。 The Right Mind. ザ・ライト・マインド A Mente Certa. 正确的思想。 I mean, there's lots of books I've read on the brain. つまり、私が脳で読んだ本はたくさんあります。 Quero dizer, há muitos livros que li sobre o cérebro. 我的意思是,我读过很多关于大脑的书。 My view is that to be successful at learning, in other words, to learn how to learn, you have to have 私の考えでは、学習で成功するには、言い換えれば、学習方法を学ぶには、次のようなことが必要だ。 A minha opinião é que para ter sucesso na aprendizagem, ou seja, para aprender a aprender, é preciso ter 我的观点是,要在学习上取得成功,换句话说,要学会如何学习,你必须具备

uh, an image, a vision of how you think your brain learns. つまり、脳がどのように学習するかというイメージ、ビジョンだ。 uma imagem, uma visão de como acha que o seu cérebro aprende. 呃,一个图像,一个你认为你的大脑如何学习的愿景。 Um, my vision of how my brain learns is based on my experience and what I've read on how the brain learns. 私の脳がどのように学習するかというビジョンは、私の経験と脳がどのように学習するかについて読んだ本に基づいている。 Hum, a minha visão de como o meu cérebro aprende baseia-se na minha experiência e no que li sobre como o cérebro aprende. 嗯,我对大脑如何学习的看法是基于我的经验和我所读到的关于大脑如何学习的内容。 So I'm persuaded that our brain, and Manfred Spitzer refers to this quite often, our brain starts to form neural connections between... connections between neurons. だから私は、マンフレッド・シュピッツァーがよく言っているように、私たちの脳はニューロン間の神経結合を形成し始めると確信している。 Por isso, estou convencido de que o nosso cérebro, e Manfred Spitzer refere-se a isto com bastante frequência, o nosso cérebro começa a formar ligações neurais entre... ligações entre neurónios. 所以我相信我们的大脑,曼弗雷德·斯皮策经常提到这一点,我们的大脑开始在……神经元之间的连接之间形成神经连接。

Uh, based on our experience. 呃,根据我们的经验。 And as long as the brain is gaining new experience, it's forming new neural connections. そして脳が新しい経験を積む限り、新しい神経接続が形成される。 E enquanto o cérebro está a ganhar novas experiências, está a formar novas ligações neurais. 只要大脑获得新的经验,它就会形成新的神经连接。 So it's constantly learning,  the brain cannot do otherwise than learn. Es lernt also ständig, das Gehirn kann nicht anders als lernen. ですから、それは常に学習しているので、脳は学ぶ以外のことはできません。 Por isso, está constantemente a aprender, o cérebro não pode fazer outra coisa senão aprender. 所以它在不断地学习,大脑除了学习之外别无他法。 Um, however, Spitzer points out the brain is not very good at learning details because whatever it learns, it forgets. しかし、スピッツァーは、脳は何を学んだとしても忘れてしまうため、詳細を学ぶのはあまり得意ではないと指摘しています。 No entanto, Spitzer salienta que o cérebro não é muito bom a aprender pormenores, porque tudo o que aprende, esquece. 嗯,然而,斯皮策指出,大脑不太擅长学习细节,因为无论它学到什么,它都会忘记。

So that the specific things that we are trying to learn, which might be a list of vocabulary items, it might be grammar rules, it might be something else... those things, we can retain them for a short time and then they're quickly forgotten. Also, die spezifischen Dinge, die wir zu lernen versuchen, was eine Liste von Vokabeln sein könnte, es könnten Grammatikregeln sein, es könnte etwas anderes sein ... diese Dinge, wir können sie für kurze Zeit behalten und dann schnell vergessen. 語彙アイテムのリストであるかもしれない、それは文法規則であるかもしれない、それは何か他のものであるかもしれない、私たちが学ぼうとしている特定の事柄のために...それらの事柄、私達はそれらを短期間保持することができますそしてそれらはすぐに忘れてしまいました。 Para que as coisas específicas que estamos a tentar aprender, que podem ser uma lista de itens de vocabulário, podem ser regras gramaticais, podem ser outra coisa qualquer... essas coisas, podemos retê-las durante um curto período de tempo e depois são rapidamente esquecidas. 因此,我们想要学习的具体事物,可能是词汇列表,可能是语法规则,也可能是其他东西……这些东西,我们可以保留它们一段时间,然后它们就可以了。很快就被遗忘了。 But the underlying patterns in those bits of information is what the brain is very good at putting together. しかし、これらの情報の根底にあるパターンは、脳が非常にうまくまとめることができるものです。 Mas os padrões subjacentes a esses pedaços de informação é o que o cérebro é muito bom a juntar. Но мозг очень хорошо умеет выстраивать схемы, лежащие в основе этих битов информации. 但大脑非常擅长将这些信息中的潜在模式组合在一起。

And that's why the... if we weren't able to do that, we would be dealing with every situation in life as if it was the first time we ever encountered that situation. そしてそれが理由です...私たちがそれを行うことができなかった場合、私たちは人生のあらゆる状況に初めて遭遇したかのように対処することになります。 E é por isso que... se não fôssemos capazes de o fazer, estaríamos a lidar com todas as situações da vida como se fosse a primeira vez que nos deparássemos com essa situação. 这就是为什么……如果我们不能做到这一点,我们就会像第一次遇到这种情况一样处理生活中的每一种情况。 Whereas in fact, what happens is the brain builds up these patterns to enable us to navigate our way through life. 実際、何が起こるかというと、脳はこれらのパターンを構築して、私たちが人生をナビゲートできるようにします。 Na verdade, o que acontece é que o cérebro constrói estes padrões para nos permitir navegar pela vida. 事实上,大脑会建立这些模式,使我们能够在生活中找到方向。 That's true of everything that happens to us in life. それは人生で私たちに起こるすべてのことに当てはまる。 我们生活中发生的一切都是如此。

It's true in language learning. 語学学習でもそうだ。 O mesmo se aplica à aprendizagem de línguas. 在语言学习中也是如此。 So my focus in language learning, as I've said many times, is to expose myself to as much language, if I'm learning a language, language, content as possible and not to worry too much about specific rules, specific words. だから私が言語学習で重視しているのは、何度も言っているように、言語を学ぶのであればできるだけ多くの言語、言語、コンテンツに触れることであり、特定のルールや特定の単語を気にしすぎないことだ。 Por isso, o meu foco na aprendizagem de línguas, como já disse muitas vezes, é expor-me ao máximo de língua, se estou a aprender uma língua, língua, conteúdo, e não me preocupar demasiado com regras específicas, palavras específicas. 因此,正如我多次说过的,我在语言学习上的重点是让自己接触尽可能多的语言,如果我正在学习一种语言、语言、内容,而不是过多担心特定的规则、特定的单词。 Uh, you know, I saw a thing the other day, teachers on Twitter were saying, you know, should we teach kids 先日、ツイッターで先生たちが、子供たちに何を教えるべきかと言っているのを見たんだ。 No outro dia, vi uma coisa, os professores no Twitter estavam a dizer, sabe, devemos ensinar os miúdos 呃,你知道,前几天我看到一件事,推特上的老师们说,你知道,我们应该教孩子们吗

these words or those words? この言葉か、この言葉か? estas palavras ou aquelas palavras? 这些话还是那些话? You know, two different word lists. 2つの異なる単語リストがあるんだ。 Sabes, duas listas de palavras diferentes. 你知道,两个不同的单词列表。 It's not up to the teacher to decide which words the kids should learn or to attempt to teach these words. 子供たちがどの単語を学ぶべきかを決めるのは教師の責任ではなく、これらの単語を教えようとするのも教師の責任ではありません。 Não cabe ao professor decidir quais as palavras que as crianças devem aprender ou tentar ensinar essas palavras. 老师不应该决定孩子们应该学习哪些单词或尝试教这些单词。 All the teacher can do is to provide an environment where the learner is motivated, is interested because it's something of interest. Alles, was der Lehrer tun kann, ist, eine Umgebung zu schaffen, in der der Lernende motiviert und interessiert ist, weil es etwas Interessantes ist. 教師ができることは、学習者がやる気を起こさせ、興味を持っている環境を提供することだけです。 Tudo o que o professor pode fazer é proporcionar um ambiente em que o aluno esteja motivado, interessado, porque se trata de algo interessante. 老师所能做的就是提供一个环境,让学习者有动力、有兴趣,因为这是感兴趣的东西。

And by being exposed to this over and over again, gradually certain patterns will form in the brain. Und indem man sich dem immer wieder aussetzt, bilden sich nach und nach bestimmte Muster im Gehirn. そして、それを何度も何度も繰り返すことで、次第に脳の中に一定のパターンが形成されていく。 E ao sermos expostos a isto vezes sem conta, gradualmente formam-se certos padrões no cérebro. 通过一遍又一遍地接触这种情况,大脑中会逐渐形成某些模式。 And so, you know, I'm quite content in my Arabic. Wissen Sie, ich bin also ganz zufrieden mit meinem Arabisch. ですから、私はアラビア語にかなり満足しています。 Por isso, estou bastante satisfeito com o meu árabe. 所以,你知道,我对我的阿拉伯语很满意。 I'm not ever going to test myself. Ich werde mich nie selbst testen. 私は自分自身をテストするつもりはありません。 Nunca me vou pôr à prova. 我永远不会去测试自己。 Uh, I'm just happy to listen to, uh, you know, a transcript of an, of a podcast, uh, go through it, maybe in sentence view, maybe in full text view, listen to it, read it. ええと、ポッドキャストのトランスクリプトを聞いてうれしいです、ええと、それを通り抜けて、多分文章ビューで、多分全文ビューで、それを聞いて、それを読んでください。 Fico feliz por poder ouvir, sabe, a transcrição de um podcast, percorrê-lo, talvez na visualização de frases, talvez na visualização de texto completo, ouvi-lo, lê-lo. 呃,我只是很高兴听,呃,你知道,一个播客的文字记录,呃,浏览它,也许在句子视图中,也许在全文视图中,听它,读它。

Of course, if I spoke more, I'd get better at speaking, but let's not underestimate the power of listening and reading because when you are reading.,You're interpreting symbols and converting those symbols into meaning. Wenn ich mehr sprechen würde, würde ich natürlich besser im Sprechen werden, aber unterschätzen wir nicht die Kraft des Zuhörens und Lesens, denn wenn Sie lesen, interpretieren Sie Symbole und wandeln diese Symbole in Bedeutung um. もちろん、もっと話せば話は上手になりますが、読んでいるときは、記号を解釈して意味に変換しているので、聞いたり読んだりする力を過小評価しないでください。 É claro que se eu falasse mais, ficaria melhor a falar, mas não subestimemos o poder da audição e da leitura, porque quando estamos a ler, estamos a interpretar símbolos e a converter esses símbolos em significado. 当然,如果我说得更多,我会说得更好,但我们不要低估听力和阅读的力量,因为当你阅读时,你正在解释符号并将这些符号转化为意义。 That is a powerful activity that is active. Das ist eine kraftvolle Aktivität, die aktiv ist. それは活発な強力な活動です。 Trata-se de uma atividade poderosa e ativa. 这是一项强有力的、活跃的活动。 That's not just passive. それは受動的なだけではありません。 Não se trata apenas de uma atitude passiva. 这不仅仅是被动的。 Now we know, for example, you've heard that say a London taxi driver who has to memorize, has to get to know all the little streets and alleyways in london. たとえば、暗記しなければならないロンドンのタクシー運転手は、ロンドンのすべての小さな通りや路地を知る必要があると聞いたことがあります。 Sabemos que, por exemplo, já ouviram dizer que um taxista londrino que tem de memorizar, tem de conhecer todas as pequenas ruas e becos de Londres. 现在我们知道,例如,你听说过,伦敦的出租车司机必须记住,必须熟悉伦敦的所有小街道和小巷。 That part of his brain, a certain part of his brain grows as a result. その結果、彼の脳のある部分が成長する。 Essa parte do seu cérebro, uma certa parte do seu cérebro cresce como resultado. 他大脑的那一部分,他大脑的某个部分因此而成长。 So yeah, all of our activity, even what we might consider to be passive activity in fact, is creating changes in the brain. Also ja, alle unsere Aktivitäten, sogar das, was wir tatsächlich als passive Aktivität betrachten, erzeugen Veränderungen im Gehirn. そうですね、私たちのすべての活動は、実際には受動的な活動と見なされるかもしれませんが、脳に変化をもたらしています。 Portanto, sim, toda a nossa atividade, mesmo o que podemos considerar como atividade passiva, está a criar alterações no cérebro. 所以,是的,我们所有的活动,甚至实际上我们可能认为是被动的活动,都在造成大脑的变化。 Learning is about change. Lernen bedeutet Veränderung. 学習は変化についてです。 Aprender é uma questão de mudança. 学习就是改变。 Learning is not about being able to produce something. Beim Lernen geht es nicht darum, etwas produzieren zu können. 学習とは、何かを生み出すことができるということではありません。 Aprender não é ser capaz de produzir algo. 学习并不是为了能够产出什么东西。

Now, you know, here's a test, get it right. Nun, wissen Sie, hier ist ein Test, machen Sie es richtig. さて、あなたが知っている、ここにテストがあります、それを正しくしてください。 Agora, aqui está um teste, façam-no bem. 现在,你知道,这是一个测试,做对吧。 It's not about that. それについてではありません。 Não é isso que está em causa. 不是这个问题。 It's about gradually exposing yourself to a variety of stimulus, allowing your brain to form patterns. Es geht darum, sich allmählich einer Vielzahl von Reizen auszusetzen, die es Ihrem Gehirn ermöglichen, Muster zu bilden. 徐々にさまざまな刺激に身をさらし、脳がパターンを形成できるようにすることだ。 Trata-se de se expor gradualmente a uma variedade de estímulos, permitindo que o seu cérebro forme padrões. 它是让自己逐渐接触各种刺激,让你的大脑形成模式。 And, and having the confidence that the brain is doing its job. そして、脳が自分の仕事をしているという自信を持つことだ。 E, e ter a confiança de que o cérebro está a fazer o seu trabalho. 并且相信大脑正在完成其工作。 It's not going to do it, you know, according to some timetable that you set for the brain. あなたが脳のために設定したいくつかの時間割によれば、それはそれをするつもりはありません。 Não o vai fazer, sabe, de acordo com um horário que estabeleceu para o cérebro. 你知道,根据你为大脑设定的时间表,它不会这样做。 The brain learns, but the brain learns slowly. 脳は学習するが、脳が学習するのは遅い。 O cérebro aprende, mas aprende lentamente. 大脑会学习,但大脑学习速度很慢。

That's what Spitzer says. そうスピッツァーは言う。 É o que diz Spitzer. 斯皮策就是这么说的。 Similarly, even if you are an adult say, or an older person like me, and maybe you create new neural connections more slowly, or the plasticity of the brain is not as quick as it used to be when you were 12, on the other hand, the brain is bringing in this information, relating it to things that you already know, experience, life, experience, knowledge, vocabulary, uh, you know, knowledge about different content areas and stuff. Ähnlich, selbst wenn Sie ein Erwachsener sind, sagen wir, oder eine ältere Person wie ich, und vielleicht bauen Sie neue neuronale Verbindungen langsamer auf, oder die Plastizität des Gehirns ist nicht so schnell wie früher, als Sie 12 waren, auf der anderen Seite Andererseits bringt das Gehirn diese Informationen ein und bezieht sie auf Dinge, die Sie bereits wissen, Erfahrung, Leben, Erfahrung, Wissen, Vokabular, äh, wissen Sie, Wissen über verschiedene Inhaltsbereiche und so. 同じように、たとえあなたが大人であっても、あるいは私のような年配者であっても、新しい神経接続を作るのが遅かったり、脳の可塑性が12歳の頃ほど速くはなかったりしても、脳は情報を取り込み、すでに知っていること、経験、人生、経験、知識、語彙、さまざまな内容領域に関する知識などに関連付ける。 Da mesma forma, mesmo que sejamos adultos, ou uma pessoa mais velha como eu, e talvez criemos novas ligações neuronais mais lentamente, ou a plasticidade do cérebro não seja tão rápida como era quando tínhamos 12 anos, por outro lado, o cérebro está a trazer esta informação, relacionando-a com coisas que já sabemos, experiência, vida, experiência, conhecimento, vocabulário, uh, sabe, conhecimento sobre diferentes áreas de conteúdo e outras coisas. 同样,即使你是成年人,或者是像我这样的老年人,也许你创建新的神经连接的速度会更慢,或者大脑的可塑性不像你 12 岁时那样快,但另一方面一方面,大脑正在引入这些信息,将其与你已经知道的事情、经历、生活、经验、知识、词汇,呃,你知道,关于不同内容领域和东西的知识联系起来。

All of which makes it easier in some ways for you to learn. そのすべてが、あなたにとってある意味で学びやすくする。 Tudo isto facilita, de certa forma, a sua aprendizagem. 所有这些在某些方面都使您更容易学习。 But the process is essentially the same and you have to have confidence in that ability. しかし、そのプロセスは基本的に同じであり、その能力に自信を持たなければならない。 Mas o processo é essencialmente o mesmo e é preciso ter confiança nessa capacidade. 但过程本质上是一样的,你必须对这种能力有信心。 Once you've had enough exposure to the language, uh, your brain has started to form certain patterns. 十分にその言語に触れていれば、脳はある一定のパターンを形成し始める。 Depois de ter tido exposição suficiente à língua, o seu cérebro começa a formar certos padrões. If you want to look at some rules to remind you of things or to point some things out that you didn't notice, that's fine. Wenn Sie sich einige Regeln ansehen möchten, um Sie an Dinge zu erinnern oder auf einige Dinge hinzuweisen, die Sie nicht bemerkt haben, ist das in Ordnung. もし、ルールを見て思い出したり、気づかなかったことを指摘したいのであれば、それでも構わない。 Se quiseres consultar algumas regras para te lembrares de coisas ou para apontares algumas coisas em que não reparaste, tudo bem. 如果你想看一些规则来提醒你一些事情或者指出一些你没有注意到的事情,那也可以。

But the idea that somehow the brain can absorb specific rules or specific lists, that they can, that the brain can deliberately learn these things at one sitting I think has been increasingly debunked. Aber die Vorstellung, dass das Gehirn irgendwie bestimmte Regeln oder bestimmte Listen aufnehmen kann, dass sie es können, dass das Gehirn diese Dinge absichtlich in einer Sitzung lernen kann, wurde meines Erachtens zunehmend entlarvt. しかし、どういうわけか脳が特定のルールや特定のリストを吸収できるという考えは、脳が一度にこれらのことを意図的に学ぶことができるという考えはますます暴かれていると思います。 Mas a ideia de que, de alguma forma, o cérebro pode absorver regras específicas ou listas específicas, que pode, que o cérebro pode deliberadamente aprender estas coisas de uma só vez, penso que tem sido cada vez mais desmentida. 但我认为,大脑可以以某种方式吸收特定规则或特定列表的想法,他们可以,大脑可以一次刻意地学习这些东西,我认为已经越来越被揭穿了。 So learning to learn means learning to learn in a way that corresponds to how your brain learns or how you would like to think of your brain learning, because it's also very subjective. つまり、学ぶことを学ぶということは、脳がどのように学ぶか、または脳の学習についてどのように考えたいかに対応する方法で学ぶことを意味します。これも非常に主観的なものだからです。 Assim, aprender a aprender significa aprender a aprender de uma forma que corresponda à forma como o nosso cérebro aprende ou como gostaríamos de pensar que o nosso cérebro aprende, porque também é muito subjetivo. 因此,学会学习意味着学会以与你的大脑如何学习或你如何看待你的大脑学习相对应的方式来学习,因为它也是非常主观的。

And so putting pressure on yourself to, uh, you know, to, to learn certain things that I want to learn them now, eh, that is not a very effective way of learning. Und sich selbst unter Druck zu setzen, bestimmte Dinge zu lernen, die ich jetzt lernen möchte, eh, das ist keine sehr effektive Art des Lernens. ですから、私が今学びたい特定のことを学ぶように自分自身に圧力をかけることは、ええと、ええと、それはあまり効果的な学習方法ではありません。 E, por isso, pressionarmo-nos a nós próprios para, uh, sabem, para, para aprender certas coisas que eu quero aprender agora, eh, essa não é uma forma muito eficaz de aprender. 所以给自己施加压力,呃,你知道,学习某些我现在想学的东西,呃,这不是一种非常有效的学习方式。 If you can find a way to enjoy, in the case of languages, content, or if you're trying to learn through the language about the history of a certain period, if you can get a variety of different content items on a related theme, where to some extent related vocabulary is going to appear, and the subject that you are gradually becoming familiar with, you know, shows up in all of these different stories, uh, all of that is going to help you learn. Wenn Sie im Falle von Sprachen, Inhalten einen Weg finden, Spaß zu haben, oder wenn Sie versuchen, durch die Sprache etwas über die Geschichte einer bestimmten Zeit zu lernen, wenn Sie eine Vielzahl verschiedener Inhaltselemente zu einem verwandten Thema erhalten können , wo bis zu einem gewissen Grad verwandte Vokabeln auftauchen werden, und das Thema, mit dem Sie sich allmählich vertraut machen, taucht in all diesen verschiedenen Geschichten auf, äh, all das wird Ihnen beim Lernen helfen. 言語やコンテンツの場合、または特定の期間の歴史について言語を通して学ぼうとしている場合、関連するテーマでさまざまな異なるコンテンツアイテムを入手できる場合は、楽しむ方法を見つけることができます。 、ある程度関連する語彙が現れるところ、そしてあなたが徐々に慣れてきている主題は、あなたが知っているように、これらのさまざまな物語のすべてに現れます、ええと、それらすべてはあなたが学ぶのを助けるでしょう。 Se conseguirmos encontrar uma forma de desfrutar, no caso das línguas, de conteúdos, ou se estivermos a tentar aprender através da língua sobre a história de um determinado período, se conseguirmos obter uma variedade de conteúdos diferentes sobre um tema relacionado, em que, até certo ponto, o vocabulário relacionado vai aparecer e o assunto com o qual nos estamos a familiarizar gradualmente aparece em todas essas histórias diferentes, tudo isso vai ajudar-nos a aprender. 如果你能找到一种享受的方式,就语言、内容而言,或者如果你试图通过语言来了解某个时期的历史,如果你能获得有关相关主题的各种不同的内容项,在某种程度上相关的词汇会出现,你逐渐熟悉的主题,你知道,出现在所有这些不同的故事中,呃,所有这些都会帮助你学习。

So, so you have to have this approach of just letting it come to you, having the confidence that you can do it, um, enjoying the process and trusting your brain. だから、ただ思いつくままにして、自分ならできるという自信を持ち、そのプロセスを楽しみ、自分の脳を信頼するというアプローチが必要なんだ。 Por isso, é preciso ter esta abordagem de deixar que as coisas venham até nós, ter a confiança de que o conseguimos fazer, apreciar o processo e confiar no nosso cérebro. 所以,你必须采取这种方法,让它来找你,有信心你能做到,嗯,享受这个过程并相信你的大脑。 I think a big part of learning how to learn is to, to learn to trust your brain. 学び方を学ぶ大きな部分は、自分の脳を信頼することを学ぶことだと思う。 Penso que uma grande parte de aprender a aprender é aprender a confiar no nosso cérebro. 我认为学习如何学习的一个重要部分就是学会相信你的大脑。 And don't worry whether you got five out of 10 on a drill. Und machen Sie sich keine Sorgen, ob Sie bei einer Übung fünf von zehn Punkten erreicht haben. そして、あなたがドリルで10のうち5を得たかどうか心配しないでください。 E não se preocupem se obtiveram cinco em 10 num exercício. 不用担心你在训练中是否得到了十分之五。 Uh, or whether you remembered a certain, uh, you know, word list. あるいは、ある単語リストを覚えているかどうか。 Ou se te lembravas de uma certa lista de palavras. 呃,或者你是否记得某个,呃,你知道的单词列表。 If the, the language comes into you and you keep staying with it, you're going to learn. もし、その言語があなたの中にやって来て、あなたがそれにとどまり続けるなら、あなたは学ぶつもりです。 Se a língua entrar em nós e continuarmos a trabalhar nela, vamos aprender. 如果这种语言进入你的内心并且你坚持下去,你就会学到东西。

That's what you need to know. それが知っておくべきことだ。 É isso que tens de saber. 这就是你需要知道的。 That's to me learning how to learn. それは僕にとって、学び方を学ぶことなんだ。 Isso é para mim aprender a aprender. Don't let the teacher impose this word list or these stories, get out and explore. Lassen Sie sich diese Wortliste oder diese Geschichten nicht vom Lehrer aufdrängen, gehen Sie raus und erkunden Sie. 先生にこの単語リストやこれらの物語を押し付けさせないでください、出て行って探検してください。 Não deixe que o professor lhe imponha esta lista de palavras ou estas histórias, saia e explore. 不要让老师强加这个单词表或这些故事,走出去探索。 Let the brain enjoy the language. 脳に言語を楽しんでもらいましょう。 Deixar o cérebro desfrutar da língua. Let yourself enjoy the language and the brain will learn. 言語を楽しむようにすれば、脳は学習する。 Deixe-se divertir com a língua e o cérebro aprenderá. 让自己享受语言,大脑就会学习。 And I think learning how to learn is, is no more complicated than that. Und ich denke zu lernen, wie man lernt, ist nicht komplizierter als das. そして、学ぶ方法を学ぶことは、それ以上に複雑ではないと思います。 E penso que aprender a aprender não é mais complicado do que isso. 我认为学习如何学习并不比这更复杂。

Yes, there are details on where you can go find, you know, content of interest and people can help you find that. Ja, es gibt Details darüber, wo Sie interessante Inhalte finden können, und Menschen können Ihnen dabei helfen, diese zu finden. そう、どこに行けば興味のあるコンテンツを見つけられるか、その詳細があるし、人々がそれを見つける手助けをしてくれる。 Sim, há pormenores sobre onde se pode encontrar, sabe, conteúdos de interesse e as pessoas podem ajudar a encontrá-los. 是的,有关于您可以在哪里找到感兴趣的内容的详细信息,人们可以帮助您找到这些内容。 Or how do you, how do you utilize, you know, Google translate or text to speech or Netflix or YouTube or LingQ or any of the other, you know, online dictionaries and different apps and all of that kind of stuff. Oder wie nutzen Sie, Sie wissen schon, Google Translate oder Text-to-Speech oder Netflix oder YouTube oder LingQ oder irgendwelche anderen, Sie wissen schon, Online-Wörterbücher und verschiedene Apps und all diese Sachen. または、どのように、どのように利用しますか、Googleはスピーチ、Netflix、YouTube、LingQ、またはその他のオンライン辞書やさまざまなアプリなど、あらゆるものに翻訳またはテキストを翻訳します。 Ou como é que se utiliza o Google Tradutor ou a conversão de texto em voz ou o Netflix ou o YouTube ou o LingQ ou qualquer outro dicionário online e diferentes aplicações e todo esse tipo de coisas. 或者你如何,你如何利用,你知道,谷歌翻译或文本到语音或Netflix或YouTube或LingQ或任何其他,你知道,在线词典和不同的应用程序以及所有类似的东西。

But those are the details again. しかし、それはまた細かい話だ。 Mas são os pormenores, mais uma vez. 但这些又是细节。 Learning how to learn to me means having a, uh, um, sort of, uh, a vision of yourself as a learner, which corresponds to how the brain learns and just sit back and enjoy the process. 私に学ぶ方法を学ぶということは、脳がどのように学習し、ただ座ってプロセスを楽しむかに対応する、学習者としての自分のビジョンを持っていることを意味します。 Aprender a aprender, para mim, significa ter uma espécie de visão de si próprio como aprendiz, que corresponde à forma como o cérebro aprende, e simplesmente sentar-se e apreciar o processo. 对我来说,学习如何学习意味着拥有一种,呃,嗯,有点,呃,你自己作为一个学习者的愿景,这对应于大脑的学习方式,只是坐下来享受这个过程。 And you will succeed. そして成功する。 E conseguirás. 你会成功的。 You will succeed. あなたは成功する。 Terás sucesso. You have to believe that you're going to succeed. É preciso acreditar que se vai ter sucesso.

Don't second guess yourself. Errate dich nicht. 二度と自分を推測しないでください。 Twijfel niet aan jezelf. Não se ponha a pensar duas vezes. 不要再怀疑自己。 And so that's what I wanted to talk about. それが私が話したかったことです。 Era sobre isso que eu queria falar. And, um, I'm going to leave you with two videos that I did, uh, Over the past few years, which touch on the same theme because more or less the, the theme is constant. そして、ええと、私が行った2つのビデオを残しておきます。ええと、過去数年間、テーマはほぼ一定であるため、同じテーマに触れています。 E vou deixar-vos com dois vídeos que fiz nos últimos anos, que abordam o mesmo tema, porque o tema é mais ou menos constante. 而且,嗯,我将给你们留下我过去几年制作的两个视频,它们触及相同的主题,因为或多或少,主题是不变的。 You have to believe in yourself and you have to enjoy the process. Temos de acreditar em nós próprios e temos de desfrutar do processo. 你必须相信自己,你必须享受这个过程。