How to Review Vocabulary Wie man Vokabeln überprüft Cómo repasar el vocabulario Comment réviser le vocabulaire Come ripassare il vocabolario 語彙の復習方法 Como rever o vocabulário Как просмотреть словарный запас Ako skontrolovať slovnú zásobu Kelime Bilgisi Nasıl Gözden Geçirilir Як перевірити словниковий запас 如何复习词汇 如何復習詞彙

Any learning activity, reviewing activity, should be easy, as easy as possible. 学習活動、復習活動は、できるだけ簡単に、簡単に行う必要があります。 Akákoľvek vzdelávacia aktivita, kontrolná činnosť, by mala byť jednoduchá, čo najjednoduchšia. 任何学习活动、复习活动，都应该简单，尽可能简单。

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here and today, I want to talk about flashcards. こんにちは、Steve Kaufmann です。今日はフラッシュカードについてお話したいと思います。 大家好，Steve Kaufmann 今天在这里，我想谈谈抽认卡。

Uh, remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, uh, click 呃，记得如果你喜欢这些视频，请订阅，呃，点击

on the bell for notifications.

And if you follow me on a podcast service, please leave a comment. Ve beni bir podcast servisinde takip ederseniz, lütfen bir yorum bırakın.

So flashcards uh, activities. だからフラッシュカードええと、活動。

We have them on LingQ. LingQ にそれらがあります。

It can be simply, you know, you see a word and you gotta remember the meaning それは単に、単語を見てその意味を覚えなければならないということです。 Basitçe olabilir, bilirsin, bir kelime görüyorsun ve anlamını hatırlamalısın 它可以很简单，你知道，你看到一个词，你必须记住它的意思

of that word, say a target language word. その単語の、ターゲット言語の単語を言います。 o kelimenin bir hedef dil kelimesini söyleyin.

What is the meaning in your language? あなたの言語での意味は何ですか?

Or you can have, um, clozed tests where you fill in the blank with a word. または、空欄に単語を入力するクローズド テストを作成することもできます。

Or multiple choice. または複数選択。 Veya çoktan seçmeli.

There are different kinds of activities that can be forms, フォームにできるさまざまな種類のアクティビティがあり、

ways of reviewing vocabulary. 語彙の復習方法。

And I'm gonna tell you what I think of these and how I think they, these Ve sana bunlar hakkında ne düşündüğümü ve nasıl düşündüğümü söyleyeceğim.

different ways of reviewing, reviewing vocabulary are most effective.

A lot of people use en key or some other, uh, spaced repetition system where uh, 多くの人がエンキーまたはその他の間隔反復システムを使用しています。 Pek çok insan tr tuşunu veya başka bir aralıklı tekrarlama sistemini kullanır, burada uh,

you review words and depending on whether you get it right with the flashcard, 単語を復習し、フラッシュカードで正しく理解できるかどうかに応じて、 kelimeleri gözden geçirirsiniz ve bilgi kartıyla doğru anlayıp anlamadığınıza bağlı olarak,

like you see the word and you don't get it right, then it generates sort of a 単語を見て正しく理解できなかった場合、一種の

response within this, uh, algorithm. この、ええと、アルゴリズム内の応答。 bu, uh, algoritma içinde yanıt.

So that new words are put in front of you, uh, based on, you know, some Böylece yeni kelimeler önünüze konur, uh, bilirsiniz, bazılarına dayanarak

assumptions or some evidence on how quickly we forget things and how 私たちが物を忘れる速さと方法についての仮定またはいくつかの証拠

often we need to see things again. 多くの場合、物事をもう一度見る必要があります。

And so forth and so on. などなど。

So right up front let me say that I have never been a user of Anki and I'm not a ですから、最初に言っておきますが、私は Anki のユーザーではありません。 O halde hemen önden söyleyeyim ki ben hiçbir zaman Anki kullanıcısı olmadım ve ben de değilim.

big user of flashcards at LingQ, but I use them to some extent, and I'm gonna tell LingQ ではフラッシュカードの大ユーザーですが、ある程度は使用しています。 veľký používateľ kartičiek na LingQ, ale ja ich do určitej miery používam a poviem vám to

you Steve's approach to flashcards and to some extent lists and what I think is the スティーブのフラッシュカードとある程度のリストへのアプローチ、そして私が思うのは Stevov prístup k kartám a do určitej miery zoznamom a čo si myslím, že je

most effective way to review vocabulary. 語彙を復習する最も効果的な方法。

Now, remember most of our vocabulary we pick it up in, in reading and listening. さて、リーディングとリスニングで、私たちがそれを拾うボキャブラリーのほとんどを覚えておいてください. Teraz si pamätajte väčšinu našej slovnej zásoby, v ktorej ju preberáme pri čítaní a počúvaní.

We see it in an actual live meaningful uh, context or we hear it after having read 私たちはそれを実際のライブで意味のあるコンテキストで見るか、読んだ後に聞く Vidíme to v skutočnom živom zmysluplnom kontexte alebo to počujeme po prečítaní

it, or we read it after having heard it. それ、またはそれを聞いた後にそれを読みます。

And so gradually these words start to stick. そして、徐々にこれらの言葉が定着し始めます。 A tak sa postupne tieto slová začnú držať.

It's not a matter in my opinion of memorization. 暗記についての私の意見では問題ではありません。

However, some deliberate review of words can be helpful. ただし、単語を慎重に確認することは役立つ場合があります。

Here is what I think are the sort of basic rules of useful

flashcard or vocabulary review.

Number one: do it as soon as possible after you have come across the word. 第一：在你遇到这个词后尽快做。

So in my own case, uh, and here I'm gonna mention LingQ because, and some people

don't like it, but that's where I study.

A lot of people use, uh, LingQ and that's what I refer to when I talk about my

own experience of language learning.

So when I'm in LingQ, especially now in Persian, I use the sentence

mode, um, particularly if, if the content has come from YouTube, where

there is very accurate time stamping. hay una marca de tiempo muy precisa.

So I deal with a sentence 8, 10, 12 words.

And within those 8, 10, 12 words, there might be three or two or

one or four that are yellow.

In other words, I've seen them before, but I still don't know what they mean.

Or there might be one or two blue words that I'm seeing for the first time.

So what I do is that sentence, when I finish that sentence, I will do

a review, usually either in a list or some form of flashcard, which I

will get to, but the most effective time to do that review is immediately

after I've seen the word in a context.

That's point number one.

Point number two: in my opinion, we should never do more than a handful, 第二点：在我看来，我们永远不应该做多于一把，

max 10 flashcards at a sitting because after a while, we're no longer learning 一次最多 10 张抽认卡，因为一段时间后，我们不再学习

anything it's becoming tedious. 任何事情都变得乏味。

We're more and more divorced from meaningful content We're more and more divorced from meaningful content Мы все больше и больше отрываемся от значимого контента 我们越来越脱离有意义的内容

from a meaningful context. a partir de um contexto significativo. из осмысленного контекста.

So typically if I'm in sentence mode and I've got 6, 8, 10 words

to review, that's very effective.

I've just seen them in a meaningful context. Acabei de os ver num contexto significativo.

Some of those words are new. Algumas dessas palavras são novas.

Some are words that I'm starting to get to know.

Some of them, I decide I already know this word and I move it to known, Nalgumas delas, decido que já conheço esta palavra e passo-a para conhecida,

but I'm dealing with a handful of words so immediately, or as soon

as possible after coming across the word in some content or context.

Second of all, not too many. 其次，不要太多。

Max 10, preferably 4, 5, 6. 最多 10 个，最好是 4、5、6 个。

Third: any learning activity, reviewing activity should be

easy, as easy as possible.

No scratching your brain. Nada de coçar o cérebro. 不要抓挠你的大脑。

No trying to remember.

So obviously a list which has it all there is a very quick review. Por isso, é óbvio que uma lista que contenha tudo é uma revisão muito rápida.

Uh, I use lists for example, to move the status of a word to known, Utilizo listas, por exemplo, para mudar o estado de uma palavra para conhecida,

but it's also a very quick review.

What I find quite effective now is these new matching pairs that we have 我现在发现非常有效的是我们拥有的这些新配对

at LingQ where you are presented with a total of three words, target language 在 LingQ 中，您总共会看到三个单词，目标语言

and your language or the language you know, and you just have to connect them.

And if you go to the wrong one, it goes red.

And if you go to the right one, it's blue, it's very easy to do.

It's a good review.

You get the text to speech of the word.

And so I do three.

And then if there's another three, I do another three and then I

do another three, but it's easy.

I'm not scratching my brain.

All the time spent scratching your brain trying to remember

something to me is not effective.

It's more a matter of exposing yourself to this vocabulary again with a minimum

amount of effort as quickly as possible.

So as soon as soon after having come across it in a particular source of

content, such as a sentence in our sentence view at, at LingQ, uh, easy.

And what else?

And not too many.

Okay. Хорошо.

So those are the conditions.

And on that basis, it's very effective.

Each sentence, you do a sentence, you review the words

that came out of that sentence.

Some new, some words you're still trying to learn, and then

you move on tothe next sentence.

So you stay in the content item.

You don't lose your thread in the content item.

Uh, it's not like, uh, reviewing hundreds of words in flashcards where

you're now divorced from any content.

And I have found that not only is it tedious to do that, but, uh, as I've

said before, even in Persian, I have 30,000 words that I have saved and

I only know 10,000 of those words.

And so I have lots of words that I'm in the process of learning.

If I were to review all of those in some kind of a space re repetition

algorithm, I would spend a lot of my time just reviewing words.

I prefer to stay in meaningful content.

Now another form of review, which is very effective is

where that review has a purpose.

Part of the problem with reviewing, you know, long lists

of flashcards is I never am that confident that I'm really learning.

um, I'm reviewing, scratching my head, whatever, but I'm not really

sure that anything is sticking and I'm divorced from the content.

However, if I review at LingQ my status three words, so I go to

my vocab section and I filter for just those words that are familiar.

We have three statuses, new, kind of starting to get to know it,

and now it's kind of familiar, but you're not totally sure.

So I have lots of these words in LingQ.

If I look at my vocab section, I have each, I, I don't know if there's 25

or how many words there are in a list uh, but I have like 45 pages of these.

So I have a lot of words that are status three, familiar.

If I go to that list and start going down them, I find a lot of

words that I actually know now.

So therefore I have a sense of purpose. ですから、目的意識があります。

I am actually increasing my known words total while I'm going through this list.

And of course, as I'm going through them, I'm looking at the other words

that I'm not yet totally confident about.

And I will find x, whether 20, 25% of these words that I can move to known.

So this improves my score, my known words total, uh, keeps my streak going.

So I feel as if I'm achieving something.

So I think that's the fourth element, rather than just sitting there and

going through flashcards in the hope that some of that is gonna stick in

the hope that the algorithm is somehow gonna help you learn these words,

which I have no confidence is the case.

Other people do they swear by them.

That's fine.

We can all do what we like to do, but I'm talking about my approach to flashcards.

I prefer to stay with the content one sentence at a time, review the words

right after the sentence, as close as possible to when I've, you know,

been able to hear it and read it.

Uh, I want the activity and I want no more than say six to 10.

I want the, the review activity to be as easy as possible, either

a list or, uh, matching pairs.

And finally, if I am gonna deal with a longer list, then I wanna have the sense

that I'm actually achieving something.

I am adding to my known words, total, I'm maintaining my streak.

I'm, you know, generating the number of coins that I want to generate for that.

So on all, uh, for all of those reasons and in that way, I enjoy doing flashcards.

So I know many people have different approaches, which is fine.

I look forward to your comments.

Thank you for listening.

Bye for now.

So I will use Catalan, which is not a language that I know and show you

how I would attack this new language.

So this happens to be a sentence out of a mini story.

So because the mini stories are timestamped I can hear this sentence

... so I can hear listen to it again if I want.

Now here I have some yellow words that I've seen before, and I have

some blue words that are new.

So I might look at, I might, first of all, do that ... okay.

So ... baby ... will be.

And I presume this is subjective content, ... with ... so now I will, because my rules

for flashcards are right away after having encountered the word, uh, easy and few.

So here I have five.

So I study the sentence.

...is a baby ... okay.

He, she is, uh, ... in other words, ...so it looks like the E is like ... they

um, with, okay, now I don't do this.

We have this, uh, dictation thing, which chance to your pronunciation,

this all comes out of a, sort of recent, uh, version of the app,

which soon will become available to you on iOS and on, um, Android.

Uh, if I go to my, uh, where are you?

Persian And, uh, familiar, I have a lot of words.

I have 40 pages worth and I don't know how many items there are in here.

And I will find words in there that ... I might give myself credit for

that ... um, so maybe I'll take that. что... эм, так что, может быть, я возьму это.

And then I work myself down.

... this comes up all the time now with the Iranians and drones and stuff

and, and I will normally find a lot of words there that I can move to known.

So there I do my review in a list, but I do it with a purpose.

The purpose is moving words to known.

So there you have it a quick, uh, review of how I use flashcards.