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English Learning for Curious Minds, Episode 272: Apollo 13 [1]

Episode 272: Apollo 13 [1]

Hello, hello hello, and welcome to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.

The show where you can listen to fascinating stories, and learn weird and

wonderful things about the world at the same time as improving your English.

I'm Alastair Budge, and today we are going to be talking about Apollo 13.

It was meant to be the third manned space mission to the Moon, a routine

scientific journey, and for the first two days pretty much everything went to plan.

But, 56 hours after lift-off and 330,000km from Earth, a defective oxygen tank exploded onboard,

destroying Apollo 13's main life support and propulsion systems and leaving it stranded in space.

It would become an epic story that captivated the nation, a story of

heroism and bravery, of quick thinking, and hope against all odds.

You may know something already about Apollo 13, you may even have

seen the film, but today we are going to tell this epic tale.

OK then, Apollo 13.

In 1961, the US President John F.

Kennedy set the American nation an ambitious goal: to land the first humans

on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth, before the end of the decade.

This resulted in the Apollo Program, which achieved its

goal of landing humans on the Moon with Apollo 11 in 1969.

Although Kennedy's challenge was fulfilled when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took “one small

step for man, one giant leap for mankind”, NASA hoped to use the remaining “spare” rockets

that had been contracted for the program to make a grand total of 10 manned Moon landings.

Apollo 13 was meant to take advantage of the newly developed precision

landing techniques used by Apollo 12 to land on and explore parts of the Moon.

Tasks were to include taking photographs of potential future landing sites

as well as surveying work, deploying a lunar experiment package to gather

samples and improving astronauts' capacity to work on the surface of the Moon.

It was purely a fact-finding mission, a mission to go and collect information about the Moon.

In fact, Apollo 13's motto, Ex Luna, scientia means from the Moon, knowledge.

The men chosen to go on this mission were three, experienced astronauts.

The Mission Commander, the captain if you like, was the highly experienced James A, Lovell.

He was the oldest of the group, 42 at the time, and had already clocked up over 572 hours in space.

Lovell had previously flown other NASA missions including Apollo 8 in 1968.

Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to orbit, to fly around the Moon.

Lovell's experience and cool head would prove crucial, essential, later on in the mission.

There were two other astronauts on the crew, both responsible for different parts of the spacecraft.

The Command Module Pilot of Apollo 13, with the role

of navigator, was the 28-year-old John L Swigert.

Swigert was originally only part of the backup crew, he was only chosen for Apollo

13 after another member of the crew was exposed to Rubella, an infectious disease.

The Command Module, by the way, was the part of the spacecraft which housed the crew, the

equipment for re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere and the operation systems for the spacecraft.

You can think of it as a sort of “headquarters”, or HQ, of the spacecraft.

Behind the Command Module, at one end of the spacecraft, was something

called The Service Module, which was a bit like a store room.

It was unpressurised and contained things like the fuel cells, oxygen, hydrogen and life

support supplies, pretty much all of the supplies that were needed for Apollo 13 to function.

At the other end of the spacecraft was The Lunar Module, the

bit that was designed for landing on the surface of the Moon.

In charge of this part of the spacecraft was the

youngest member of the crew, the 26-year-old Fred W.

Haise, who had the role of Lunar Module Pilot.

When the Apollo spacecraft reached the Moon, the Lunar Module would detach and take

two astronauts down to land with its own dedicated power, water and oxygen supplies,

while the third crew member would remain in orbit around the Moon in the Command Module.

Let's not forget that the spacecraft crew were assisted

by a large and dedicated team back on the ground.

NASA's Mission Control, at the Manned Spacecraft Centre in Houston, would

constantly monitor the spacecraft's every move and tell the astronauts what to do.

In essence, ground control was the “fourth” team member of the mission.

So, now we have a better idea of the background to the mission, who the crew were and a rough

idea of the actual spacecraft, let's take a look at what actually happened to Apollo 13.

After a slight glitch at lift-off, when one of the rocket's engines shut down early, everything

seemed to be going to plan and Apollo 13 left Earth's orbit on target to fulfil its mission.

A glitch, by the way, is another word for a sudden fault or a temporary malfunction.

But other than this small glitch, the first 56 hours or so were pretty uneventful.

So uneventful in fact that when the crew filmed themselves onboard

the spacecraft for TV back on Earth, no channels decided to show it.

After Neil Armstrong and Apollo 11 had landed on the Moon, lunar missions

simply weren't that interesting anymore, they had lost their novelty.

Soon enough, the entire country would be watching.

At approximately 56 hours into the flight, when the spacecraft was nearing the moon, Swigert, the

Command Module Pilot, was asked to perform a routine piece of maintenance on the oxygen tanks.

Mission Control believed that one of the oxygen tank's pressure

reading sensors was malfunctioning, it wasn't working properly.

Swigert flipped the switch to run the tank fans, when suddenly there was a loud bang.

It later came to light that one of the oxygen tanks had been damaged before lift-off.

When the switch was activated, the tank began to dangerously overheat, causing it to explode.

Alarmed but as of yet unaware of the seriousness of what

had happened, the crew uttered those immortal words.

“Houston, we've had a problem.”

The Apollo 13 film, if you remember it, used a little artistic

licence here, changing “we've had a problem” to “we have a problem”.

On a language level, using the “present” tense makes it sound more

dramatic, whereas what he really said was “we've had a problem”, he

was being simply practical and direct, explaining what had happened.

In the moments that followed, the crew and the team at Mission

Control got to work trying to establish what exactly had happened,

running checks and consulting the ground team's backroom specialists.

Power to the propulsion system began to drop considerably and two out of

the spacecraft's three fuel cells read as being completely out of power.

Apollo 13's fuel cells needed oxygen to power the spacecraft and oxygen tank

number two was reading empty, while tank number one seemed to be losing pressure.

At this point the team was hoping that there were just sensor issues but the severity of their

problems was just beginning to dawn on them, they were starting to realise that they were hundreds

of thousands of kilometres away from Earth without any good options about how to get back.

Lovell reported seeing gas pouring out from the spacecraft as he looked out of the window.

It was now very clear that this was much more than just a sensor problem.

As tank one lost more and more oxygen, it became apparent

that very soon the last working fuel cell would cut out too.

At approximately 330,000 km from the Earth, Apollo 13

was about to lose all of its life systems and power.

It was clear that they wouldn't be able to make it to the Moon.

Their only focus was on getting back home, getting back to Earth, alive.

Quick thinking was needed as the mission abruptly

changed from a lunar landing mission to a rescue mission.

Soon the Command Module would be unable to keep the crew alive in

Space, it would very shortly run completely out of power and oxygen.

But the Command Module was the only way the crew could re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.

It had a thick heat shield, radios, parachutes and

everything else that was required to get back to Earth.

They couldn't re-enter Earth in the Lunar or Service Modules, the

Command Module was the only way they could get back home, but it was

about to run out of all of its life supplies unless something was done.

The crew managed to isolate the Command Module's spare oxygen tank

and its batteries so that they could conserve power and oxygen.

As they were still uncertain as to what had actually happened, Houston,

Mission Control back on Earth, did not want to risk trying to use the last

bit of remaining power to abort the mission and turn straight back to Earth.

There were worries that the Service Module's main engine could be

damaged or that there simply wouldn't be enough fuel to get back.

The plan was to move the astronauts into the Lunar module, while they essentially switched off

everything in the Command module to conserve as much oxygen and energy to get back to Earth.

The spacecraft would then do something called a free-return

trajectory and loop around the Moon, back towards Earth.

Once the crew reached Earth, they could then return to the

Command Module and start re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

Just to reiterate that, at the time of the explosion the

spacecraft was heading towards the moon, away from the Earth.

Instead of turning back towards Earth, which would have used more

energy, they decided to continue all the way looping around the Moon,

using the gravitational pull of Earth to bring the spacecraft back home.

It was a bold plan.

Remember, the Lunar Module, where the astronauts were now squeezed into,

had only been built to carry two members from the Moon's orbit to the Moon's

surface and back to the Command Module, a distance of less than 100km.

It wasn't meant for any sizable space travel, any space travel of any serious length.

Frantically, NASA's team on the ground got to work crunching figures and trajectories, while trying

to come up with ways of how they could make the limited power and water supply last until re-entry.

While the Lunar Module had just enough oxygen to keep the crew alive,

with the Command Module in hibernation, they risked running out of water.

Water was not only required for drinking, it was also essential for cooling the equipment onboard.

Normally the Command Module would produce water as

a byproduct of its hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells.

The Lunar Module did not.

Water was therefore rationed to 200 millilitres per person per day and power consumption

was cut to a minimum, even requiring them to turn off their guidance computer.

The three men were floating in a tiny container with barely anything

to drink while the temperature was just above freezing point.

While they had enough oxygen, they soon began to have a problem with carbon dioxide build up.

Normally, carbon dioxide would be removed from the cabin air by canisters of special pellets

but as the Lunar Module was only designed for short-term use, they were soon all used up.

After a day and a half in the cramped Lunar Module, the CO2 levels had become life threatening.

The Command Module had a supply of extra canisters but they were

a different shape and size to those used in the Lunar Module.

Frantically, the ground support team got to work on creating a workaround

using the same materials that the astronauts had access to on board.

NASA came up with a fix using manual covers, tape and cardboard, amongst other

things, and then talked the crew through building the adapter step-by-step.

Imagine the frustration and difficulty of calling up the IKEA helpline asking

Episode 272: Apollo 13 [1] Folge 272: Apollo 13 [1] Episodio 272: Apolo 13 [1] Épisode 272 : Apollo 13 [1] Episodio 272: Apollo 13 [1] 第272話 アポロ13号アポロ13号 [1] 에피소드 272: 아폴로 13호 [1] Odcinek 272: Apollo 13 [1] Episódio 272: Apollo 13 [1] Эпизод 272: Аполлон 13 [1] Bölüm 272: Apollo 13 [1] Епізод 272: Аполлон 13 [1]. 第272集:阿波罗13号[1] 第272集阿波罗13号[1]

Hello, hello hello, and welcome to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.

The show where you can listen to fascinating stories, and learn weird and

wonderful things about the world at the same time as improving your English.

I'm Alastair Budge, and today we are going to be talking about Apollo 13.

It was meant to be the third manned space mission to the Moon, a routine

scientific journey, and for the first two days pretty much everything went to plan.

But, 56 hours after lift-off and 330,000km from Earth, a defective oxygen tank exploded onboard,

destroying Apollo 13's main life support and propulsion systems and leaving it stranded in space.

It would become an epic story that captivated the nation, a story of

heroism and bravery, of quick thinking, and hope against all odds. Heldentum und Tapferkeit, schnelles Denken und Hoffnung trotz aller Widrigkeiten.

You may know something already about Apollo 13, you may even have Sie wissen vielleicht schon etwas über Apollo 13, vielleicht haben Sie sogar

seen the film, but today we are going to tell this epic tale. den Film gesehen, aber heute werden wir diese epische Geschichte erzählen.

OK then, Apollo 13.

In 1961, the US President John F.

Kennedy set the American nation an ambitious goal: to land the first humans

on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth, before the end of the decade. そして、10年の終わりまでに、彼らを無事に地球に連れ帰るのだ。

This resulted in the Apollo Program, which achieved its

goal of landing humans on the Moon with Apollo 11 in 1969.

Although Kennedy's challenge was fulfilled when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took “one small Obwohl Kennedys Herausforderung erfüllt wurde, als Neil Armstrong und Buzz Aldrin "eine kleine ケネディの挑戦は、ニール・アームストロングとバズ・オルドリンが "1つの小さな挑戦 "をしたときに達成された。 Хотя задача Кеннеди была выполнена, когда Нил Армстронг и Базз Олдрин взяли «один маленький

step for man, one giant leap for mankind”, NASA hoped to use the remaining “spare” rockets Schritt für den Menschen, ein Riesensprung für die Menschheit", hoffte die NASA, die verbleibenden "Ersatzraketen" zu verwenden passo para o homem, um salto gigantesco para a humanidade”, a NASA esperava usar os foguetes “sobressalentes” restantes

that had been contracted for the program to make a grand total of 10 manned Moon landings. die für das Programm zur Durchführung von insgesamt 10 bemannten Mondlandungen unter Vertrag genommen worden waren. この計画では、合計10回の有人月面着陸が計画されていた。 que havia sido contratado para o programa para fazer um total de 10 pousos tripulados na Lua. с которым был заключен контракт на выполнение программы в общей сложности 10 пилотируемых посадок на Луну.

Apollo 13 was meant to take advantage of the newly developed precision Apollo 13 sollte die Vorteile der neu entwickelten Präzisionsinstrumente nutzen. アポロ13号は、新しく開発された精度を利用することを意図していた。 A Apollo 13 foi criada para aproveitar a precisão recém-desenvolvida «Аполлон-13» должен был воспользоваться преимуществом недавно разработанной точности.

landing techniques used by Apollo 12 to land on and explore parts of the Moon. técnicas de pouso usadas pela Apollo 12 para pousar e explorar partes da Lua. методы посадки, используемые Аполлоном-12 для посадки и исследования частей Луны.

Tasks were to include taking photographs of potential future landing sites Задачи должны были включать фотографирование потенциальных мест будущей посадки.

as well as surveying work, deploying a lunar experiment package to gather а также геодезические работы, развертывание пакета лунных экспериментов для сбора

samples and improving astronauts' capacity to work on the surface of the Moon. образцов и улучшения возможностей астронавтов для работы на поверхности Луны.

It was purely a fact-finding mission, a mission to go and collect information about the Moon.

In fact, Apollo 13's motto, Ex Luna, scientia means from the Moon, knowledge. На самом деле, девиз "Аполлона-13" - Ex Luna, scientia - означает "С Луны - знания".

The men chosen to go on this mission were three, experienced astronauts.

The Mission Commander, the captain if you like, was the highly experienced James A, Lovell.

He was the oldest of the group, 42 at the time, and had already clocked up over 572 hours in space. Er war der älteste der Gruppe, 42 Jahre alt, und hatte bereits über 572 Stunden im Weltraum verbracht. 当時42歳の最年長で、宇宙滞在時間はすでに572時間を超えていた。

Lovell had previously flown other NASA missions including Apollo 8 in 1968.

Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to orbit, to fly around the Moon. Аполлон-8" стал первым космическим кораблем с экипажем, вышедшим на орбиту и облетевшим вокруг Луны.

Lovell's experience and cool head would prove crucial, essential, later on in the mission. Опыт и холодная голова Ловелла окажутся решающими, крайне важными в дальнейшем ходе миссии.

There were two other astronauts on the crew, both responsible for different parts of the spacecraft.

The Command Module Pilot of Apollo 13, with the role

of navigator, was the 28-year-old John L Swigert.

Swigert was originally only part of the backup crew, he was only chosen for Apollo Swigert war ursprünglich nur Teil der Backup-Crew, er wurde nur für Apollo ausgewählt.

13 after another member of the crew was exposed to Rubella, an infectious disease. 13, nachdem ein anderes Mitglied der Besatzung mit Röteln, einer ansteckenden Krankheit, infiziert wurde. 13 после того, как другой член экипажа заразился краснухой, инфекционным заболеванием.

The Command Module, by the way, was the part of the spacecraft which housed the crew, the Командный модуль, между прочим, был частью космического корабля, в которой размещался экипаж.

equipment for re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere and the operation systems for the spacecraft. оборудование для входа в атмосферу Земли и системы управления космическим аппаратом.

You can think of it as a sort of “headquarters”, or HQ, of the spacecraft. Man kann es als eine Art "Hauptquartier" oder HQ des Raumschiffs betrachten.

Behind the Command Module, at one end of the spacecraft, was something

called The Service Module, which was a bit like a store room.

It was unpressurised and contained things like the fuel cells, oxygen, hydrogen and life

support supplies, pretty much all of the supplies that were needed for Apollo 13 to function. Hilfsgüter, so ziemlich alles, was für den Betrieb von Apollo 13 erforderlich war.

At the other end of the spacecraft was The Lunar Module, the

bit that was designed for landing on the surface of the Moon.

In charge of this part of the spacecraft was the За эту часть космического корабля отвечал

youngest member of the crew, the 26-year-old Fred W.

Haise, who had the role of Lunar Module Pilot.

When the Apollo spacecraft reached the Moon, the Lunar Module would detach and take Wenn das Apollo-Raumschiff den Mond erreicht, wird die Mondlandefähre abgetrennt und an Bord genommen.

two astronauts down to land with its own dedicated power, water and oxygen supplies, zwei Astronauten mit eigener Energie-, Wasser- und Sauerstoffversorgung zur Landung bringen, два астронавта спустились на землю с собственным запасом энергии, воды и кислорода,

while the third crew member would remain in orbit around the Moon in the Command Module.

Let's not forget that the spacecraft crew were assisted Vergessen wir nicht, dass die Besatzung des Raumschiffs unterstützt wurde Не будем забывать, что экипажу космического корабля помогали

by a large and dedicated team back on the ground. durch ein großes und engagiertes Team vor Ort. большой и преданной команде, работающей на местах.

NASA's Mission Control, at the Manned Spacecraft Centre in Houston, would

constantly monitor the spacecraft's every move and tell the astronauts what to do.

In essence, ground control was the “fourth” team member of the mission.

So, now we have a better idea of the background to the mission, who the crew were and a rough So, jetzt haben wir eine bessere Vorstellung vom Hintergrund der Mission, wer die Besatzung war und eine grobe Итак, теперь у нас есть лучшее представление о предыстории миссии, о том, кто была команда, и о грубом

idea of the actual spacecraft, let's take a look at what actually happened to Apollo 13. представление о реальном космическом корабле, давайте посмотрим, что на самом деле произошло с Аполлоном-13.

After a slight glitch at lift-off, when one of the rocket's engines shut down early, everything Nach einer kleinen Panne beim Start, als eines der Triebwerke der Rakete vorzeitig ausfiel, war alles После небольшого сбоя при старте, когда один из двигателей ракеты заглох раньше времени, все

seemed to be going to plan and Apollo 13 left Earth's orbit on target to fulfil its mission. schien alles nach Plan zu verlaufen, und Apollo 13 verließ die Erdumlaufbahn planmäßig, um ihren Auftrag zu erfüllen.

A glitch, by the way, is another word for a sudden fault or a temporary malfunction. Eine Panne ist übrigens ein anderes Wort für einen plötzlichen Fehler oder eine vorübergehende Störung. Глюк, кстати, это синоним внезапной неисправности или временного сбоя.

But other than this small glitch, the first 56 hours or so were pretty uneventful. Aber abgesehen von dieser kleinen Panne verliefen die ersten 56 Stunden ziemlich ereignislos. Mas, além dessa pequena falha, as primeiras 56 horas foram bastante tranquilas.

So uneventful in fact that when the crew filmed themselves onboard So ereignislos, dass die Besatzung sich selbst an Bord filmte Все прошло настолько гладко, что когда экипаж снял себя на борту.

the spacecraft for TV back on Earth, no channels decided to show it. des Raumschiffs für das Fernsehen auf der Erde, aber kein Sender wollte es zeigen. しかし、どのチャンネルも放映しなかった。 космического корабля для телевидения на Земле, ни один канал не решился показать его.

After Neil Armstrong and Apollo 11 had landed on the Moon, lunar missions

simply weren't that interesting anymore, they had lost their novelty. waren einfach nicht mehr so interessant, sie hatten ihre Neuheit verloren. просто были уже не так интересны, они потеряли свою новизну.

Soon enough, the entire country would be watching. Schon bald würde das ganze Land zuschauen. Em breve, o país inteiro estaria assistindo. Вскоре за этим будет наблюдать вся страна.

At approximately 56 hours into the flight, when the spacecraft was nearing the moon, Swigert, the

Command Module Pilot, was asked to perform a routine piece of maintenance on the oxygen tanks. Pilot des Kommandomoduls, wurde gebeten, eine Routinewartung an den Sauerstofftanks durchzuführen. Пилоту командного модуля было предложено выполнить плановое техническое обслуживание кислородных баллонов.

Mission Control believed that one of the oxygen tank's pressure Центр управления полетами полагал, что давление одного из кислородных баллонов

reading sensors was malfunctioning, it wasn't working properly. Die Lesesensoren funktionierten nicht richtig, sie arbeiteten nicht richtig. Датчики считывания были неисправны, они не работали должным образом.

Swigert flipped the switch to run the tank fans, when suddenly there was a loud bang. Swigert ligou o interruptor para ligar os ventiladores do tanque, quando de repente houve um estrondo. Суайгерт щелкнул выключателем, чтобы включить вентиляторы бака, как вдруг раздался громкий хлопок.

It later came to light that one of the oxygen tanks had been damaged before lift-off. Wie sich später herausstellte, war einer der Sauerstofftanks vor dem Start beschädigt worden. 後に、酸素タンクのひとつが離陸前に破損していたことが判明した。 Mais tarde, veio à tona que um dos tanques de oxigênio havia sido danificado antes da decolagem. Позже выяснилось, что один из кислородных баллонов был поврежден перед взлетом.

When the switch was activated, the tank began to dangerously overheat, causing it to explode. Quando o interruptor foi ativado, o tanque começou a superaquecer perigosamente, fazendo-o explodir.

Alarmed but as of yet unaware of the seriousness of what Alarmiert, aber noch nicht im Bilde über den Ernst der Lage Alarmados pero aún sin darse cuenta de la gravedad de lo que 警鐘を鳴らしながらも、その深刻さにはまだ気づいていない。 Alarmado, mas ainda inconsciente da gravidade do que Встревожен, но пока еще не осознает серьезности того, что

had happened, the crew uttered those immortal words. había sucedido, la tripulación pronunció esas palabras inmortales.

“Houston, we've had a problem.” “Houston, hemos tenido un problema.” «Хьюстон, у нас проблема».

The Apollo 13 film, if you remember it, used a little artistic Der Film Apollo 13, falls Sie sich noch daran erinnern, verwendete ein wenig künstlerische

licence here, changing “we've had a problem” to “we have a problem”. Lizenz hier, indem sie "wir hatten ein Problem" in "wir haben ein Problem" ändert. "問題があった "を "問題がある "に変える。 лицензия здесь, заменив «у нас была проблема» на «у нас есть проблема».

On a language level, using the “present” tense makes it sound more

dramatic, whereas what he really said was “we've had a problem”, he dramatisch, während er in Wirklichkeit sagte: "Wir haben ein Problem", er

was being simply practical and direct, explaining what had happened. war einfach praktisch und direkt und erklärte, was passiert war.

In the moments that followed, the crew and the team at Mission

Control got to work trying to establish what exactly had happened, Die Kontrolleure machten sich an die Arbeit und versuchten herauszufinden, was genau passiert war,

running checks and consulting the ground team's backroom specialists. проведение проверок и консультирование закулисных специалистов наземной группы.

Power to the propulsion system began to drop considerably and two out of Die Leistung des Antriebssystems begann erheblich zu sinken, und zwei der A potência do sistema de propulsão começou a cair consideravelmente e dois dos Мощность двигательной установки начала значительно падать, и двое из

the spacecraft's three fuel cells read as being completely out of power. Die drei Brennstoffzellen des Raumfahrzeugs zeigen an, dass sie keinen Strom mehr haben. las tres celdas de combustible de la nave espacial indicaban estar completamente sin energía. as três células de combustível da espaçonave estão completamente sem energia. три топливных элемента космического корабля считали, что они полностью обесточены.

Apollo 13's fuel cells needed oxygen to power the spacecraft and oxygen tank Las celdas de combustible de Apollo 13 necesitaban oxígeno para alimentar la nave espacial y el tanque de oxígeno

number two was reading empty, while tank number one seemed to be losing pressure. el número dos indicaba estar vacío, mientras que el tanque número uno parecía estar perdiendo presión. номер два показывал, что он пуст, в то время как бак номер один, казалось, терял давление.

At this point the team was hoping that there were just sensor issues but the severity of their

problems was just beginning to dawn on them, they were starting to realise that they were hundreds Die Probleme begannen ihnen gerade zu dämmern, sie begannen zu begreifen, dass sie Hunderte von проблеми тільки починали усвідомлюватися, вони починали розуміти, що їх сотні

of thousands of kilometres away from Earth without any good options about how to get back.

Lovell reported seeing gas pouring out from the spacecraft as he looked out of the window. Ловелл сообщил, что видел газ, выходящий из космического корабля, когда смотрел в окно.

It was now very clear that this was much more than just a sensor problem.

As tank one lost more and more oxygen, it became apparent

that very soon the last working fuel cell would cut out too. dass sehr bald auch die letzte funktionierende Brennstoffzelle ausfallen würde. что очень скоро отключится и последний работающий топливный элемент.

At approximately 330,000 km from the Earth, Apollo 13

was about to lose all of its life systems and power.

It was clear that they wouldn't be able to make it to the Moon.

Their only focus was on getting back home, getting back to Earth, alive.

Quick thinking was needed as the mission abruptly O raciocínio rápido era necessário, pois a missão abruptamente

changed from a lunar landing mission to a rescue mission.

Soon the Command Module would be unable to keep the crew alive in

Space, it would very shortly run completely out of power and oxygen.

But the Command Module was the only way the crew could re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.

It had a thick heat shield, radios, parachutes and Tenía un grueso escudo térmico, radios, paracaídas y 分厚いヒートシールド、無線、パラシュート、そして Він мав товстий теплозахисний екран, радіостанції, парашути і

everything else that was required to get back to Earth. todo lo demás que se necesitaba para regresar a la Tierra.

They couldn't re-enter Earth in the Lunar or Service Modules, the No podían volver a entrar en la Tierra en los Módulos Lunar o de Servicio, los

Command Module was the only way they could get back home, but it was El Módulo de Comando era la única forma en que podían regresar a casa, pero estaba

about to run out of all of its life supplies unless something was done. die Lebensvorräte zu Ende gehen, wenn nicht etwas unternommen wird. a punto de quedarse sin todos sus suministros vitales a menos que se hiciera algo. вот-вот исчерпает все свои жизненные запасы, если ничего не предпринять. ось-ось закінчаться всі життєві запаси, якщо щось не буде зроблено.

The crew managed to isolate the Command Module's spare oxygen tank Der Besatzung gelang es, den Reservesauerstofftank des Kommandomoduls zu isolieren La tripulación logró aislar el tanque de oxígeno de repuesto del Módulo de Comando

and its batteries so that they could conserve power and oxygen. und seine Batterien, damit sie Energie und Sauerstoff sparen können. y sus baterías para que pudieran conservar energía y oxígeno. и его батареи, чтобы они могли экономить энергию и кислород.

As they were still uncertain as to what had actually happened, Houston, Da sie immer noch nicht wussten, was tatsächlich geschehen war, hat Houston,

Mission Control back on Earth, did not want to risk trying to use the last Mission Control auf der Erde wollte nicht riskieren, den letzten Controle da Missão na Terra, não quis arriscar tentar usar o último Центр управления полетами вернулся на Землю, не хотел рисковать, пытаясь использовать последний

bit of remaining power to abort the mission and turn straight back to Earth. um die Mission abzubrechen und direkt zur Erde zurückzufliegen. pouco de energia restante para abortar a missão e voltar direto para a Terra. немного оставшейся энергии, чтобы прервать миссию и повернуть прямо на Землю.

There were worries that the Service Module's main engine could be Havia preocupações de que o motor principal do Módulo de Serviço pudesse ser

damaged or that there simply wouldn't be enough fuel to get back. danificado ou que simplesmente não haveria combustível suficiente para voltar.

The plan was to move the astronauts into the Lunar module, while they essentially switched off Der Plan war, die Astronauten in die Mondlandefähre zu bringen, während sie im Wesentlichen ausgeschaltet wurden. O plano era mover os astronautas para o módulo lunar, enquanto eles basicamente desligavam План состоял в том, чтобы перевести астронавтов в лунный модуль, а они, по сути, отключились. План полягав у тому, щоб перемістити астронавтів у місячний модуль, в той час як вони, по суті, вимкнулися

everything in the Command module to conserve as much oxygen and energy to get back to Earth. alles im Kommandomodul, um so viel Sauerstoff und Energie wie möglich zu sparen, um zur Erde zurückzukehren. tudo no módulo de comando para conservar o máximo de oxigênio e energia para voltar à Terra.

The spacecraft would then do something called a free-return

trajectory and loop around the Moon, back towards Earth. траектория и петля вокруг Луны, назад к Земле.

Once the crew reached Earth, they could then return to the Sobald die Besatzung die Erde erreicht hatte, konnte sie zur Erde zurückkehren. После того как экипаж достигнет Земли, он сможет вернуться на

Command Module and start re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. Командный модуль и начать вхождение в атмосферу Земли.

Just to reiterate that, at the time of the explosion the Ich möchte nur noch einmal betonen, dass zum Zeitpunkt der Explosion die Еще раз повторю, что во время взрыва

spacecraft was heading towards the moon, away from the Earth. космический корабль направлялся к Луне, удаляясь от Земли.

Instead of turning back towards Earth, which would have used more Anstatt zur Erde zurückzukehren, was mehr Energie verbraucht hätte

energy, they decided to continue all the way looping around the Moon,

using the gravitational pull of Earth to bring the spacecraft back home.

It was a bold plan.

Remember, the Lunar Module, where the astronauts were now squeezed into,

had only been built to carry two members from the Moon's orbit to the Moon's

surface and back to the Command Module, a distance of less than 100km.

It wasn't meant for any sizable space travel, any space travel of any serious length. Es war nicht für eine größere Raumfahrt, eine Weltraumreise von ernsthafter Länge gedacht. No estaba destinado a ningún viaje espacial de gran tamaño, a ningún viaje espacial de una longitud seria. Não foi feito para qualquer viagem espacial considerável, qualquer viagem espacial de qualquer extensão séria. Он не был предназначен для сколько-нибудь значительных космических путешествий, для сколько-нибудь серьезных космических путешествий.

Frantically, NASA's team on the ground got to work crunching figures and trajectories, while trying Das NASA-Team vor Ort machte sich fieberhaft an die Arbeit und berechnete Zahlen und Flugbahnen, während es versuchte Frenéticamente, el equipo de la NASA en tierra se puso a trabajar calculando cifras y trayectorias, mientras intentaba 地上にいるNASAのチームは、必死になって数値と軌道を計算しながら、次のようなことを試みた。

to come up with ways of how they could make the limited power and water supply last until re-entry. wie sie die begrenzte Strom- und Wasserversorgung bis zum Wiedereintritt aufrechterhalten können. buscar formas de cómo podrían hacer que el suministro limitado de energía y agua durara hasta el reingreso. чтобы придумать способы, как они могли бы продлить ограниченное электроснабжение и водоснабжение до повторного входа.

While the Lunar Module had just enough oxygen to keep the crew alive,

with the Command Module in hibernation, they risked running out of water. con el Módulo de Comando en hibernación, corrían el riesgo de quedarse sin agua.

Water was not only required for drinking, it was also essential for cooling the equipment onboard. El agua no solo era necesaria para beber, también era esencial para enfriar el equipo a bordo.

Normally the Command Module would produce water as Normalmente, el Módulo de Comando produciría agua.

a byproduct of its hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells.

The Lunar Module did not. Bei der Mondlandefähre war das nicht der Fall.

Water was therefore rationed to 200 millilitres per person per day and power consumption

was cut to a minimum, even requiring them to turn off their guidance computer. wurde auf ein Minimum reduziert und sie mussten sogar ihren Leitrechner ausschalten. был сведен к минимуму, даже требовалось выключить компьютер наведения.

The three men were floating in a tiny container with barely anything

to drink while the temperature was just above freezing point. zu trinken, während die Temperatur knapp über dem Gefrierpunkt lag. bebiendo mientras la temperatura estaba justo por encima del punto de congelación. пить, пока температура была чуть выше точки замерзания.

While they had enough oxygen, they soon began to have a problem with carbon dioxide build up. Aunque tenían suficiente oxígeno, pronto comenzaron a tener un problema con la acumulación de dióxido de carbono. Хотя у них было достаточно кислорода, вскоре у них начались проблемы с накоплением углекислого газа.

Normally, carbon dioxide would be removed from the cabin air by canisters of special pellets Normalmente, el dióxido de carbono sería eliminado del aire de la cabina por medio de cartuchos de pellets especiales.

but as the Lunar Module was only designed for short-term use, they were soon all used up. Da die Mondlandefähre jedoch nur für einen kurzfristigen Einsatz konzipiert war, waren sie bald aufgebraucht.

After a day and a half in the cramped Lunar Module, the CO2 levels had become life threatening.

The Command Module had a supply of extra canisters but they were

a different shape and size to those used in the Lunar Module.

Frantically, the ground support team got to work on creating a workaround

using the same materials that the astronauts had access to on board.

NASA came up with a fix using manual covers, tape and cardboard, amongst other Die NASA fand eine Lösung, indem sie u. a. Handbuchabdeckungen, Klebeband und Pappe verwendete. A NASA criou uma solução usando capas de manuais, fita e papelão, entre outros НАСА придумало исправление, используя среди прочего обложки, скотч и картон.

things, and then talked the crew through building the adapter step-by-step. cosas, y luego guiar a la tripulación en la construcción del adaptador paso a paso.

Imagine the frustration and difficulty of calling up the IKEA helpline asking Stellen Sie sich die Frustration und die Schwierigkeiten vor, wenn Sie die IKEA-Hotline anrufen und fragen Imagina la frustración y la dificultad de llamar a la línea de ayuda de IKEA preguntando IKEAのヘルプラインに電話をかけて、こう尋ねるときのフラストレーションと難しさを想像してみてください。 Представьте себе разочарование и трудности, связанные со звонком в службу поддержки ИКЕА.