×

We use cookies to help make LingQ better. By visiting the site, you agree to our cookie policy.


image

TED, Brian Little: Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality

Brian Little: Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality

0:12What an intriguing group of individuals you are ... to a psychologist.

0:17(Laughter)

0:19I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other. And I think it's fair to say, already, that there are 47 people in this audience, at this moment, displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today. 0:42(Laughter)

0:43And I thought you might like to know who you are.

0:46(Laughter)

But instead of pointing at you, which would be gratuitous and intrusive, I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories, in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.

1:01I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology, which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives. And what we try to do, in our own way, is to make sense of how each of us -- each of you -- is, in certain respects, like all other people, like some other people and like no other person.

1:33Now, already you may be saying of yourself, "I'm not intriguing. I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere." Or you may say of yourself, "I am intriguing, even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit. " 1:56(Laughter)

1:57But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness" that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you. So let me explain why this is so.

2:11One of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology, and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed, and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people. They spell out the acronym OCEAN. So, "O" stands for "open to experience," versus those who are more closed. "C" stands for "conscientiousness," in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life. "E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people. "A" -- "agreeable individuals," in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable. And "N" -- "neurotic individuals," in contrast to those who are more stable. 3:03All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being, for how our life goes. And so we know that, for example, openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success, but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and, occasionally, odd. The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines, to persevering, as well as having some passion. Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people. Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing. With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow.

4:00(Laughter)

4:01Did you know that? Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow. But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them.

4:17(Laughter)

4:18Those are the extroverts.

4:20Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures. First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives. And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature. 4:52Let me explain. One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation. And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED -- you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core. They all gather together. And I've seen you. The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation -- and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial. It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.

5:41Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body. Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts. When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, "I really need a cup of coffee," they're not kidding -- they really do. Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in -- and they've had some coffee -- if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative. But it's a misconstrual. 6:18So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point. I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse,although I may not have time. And so, if you would like me to -- yes, you would? OK.

6:39(Laughter)

6:40There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert. So I ask you: How many times per minute -- oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study -- 6:58(Laughter)

7:01How many times per month do introverted men engage in the act? 3.0. Extroverted men? More or less?Yes, more. 5.5 -- almost twice as much. Introverted women: 3.1. Extroverted women? Frankly, speaking as an introverted male, which I will explain later -- they are heroic. 7.5. They not only handle all the male extroverts, they pick up a few introverts as well.

7:39(Laughter)

7:41(Applause)

7:47We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts. Extroverts, when they interact, want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness. They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.They like to have a lot of eye contact, or mutual gaze. We found in some research that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody. So when an extrovert meets a Charles, it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck," and then "Chuckles Baby. " 8:20(Laughter)

8:22Whereas for introverts, it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate by the person he's talking to. We speak differently. Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine -- we speak differently. We prefer contextually complex, contingent, weasel-word sentences --

9:01(Laughter)

9:02More or less.

9:04(Laughter)

9:05As it were.

9:07(Laughter)

9:08Not to put too fine a point upon it -- like that.

9:12When we talk, we sometimes talk past each other. I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague who's as different from me as two people can possibly be. First, his name is Tom. Mine isn't. 9:26(Laughter)

9:28Secondly, he's six foot five. I have a tendency not to be.

9:31(Laughter)

9:33And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find. I am seriously introverted. I overload so much, I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon and expect to sleep in the evening. 9:49We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael. And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt. So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me, "What do you make of Michael? "Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute. He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese." And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said, which is actually pretty accurate. I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times of behaving in a way that some of us might see as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for. " 10:29(Laughter)

10:32Tom rolled his eyes and he said, "Brian, that's what I said: he's an asshole! " 10:39(Laughter)

10:41(Applause)

10:44Now, as an introvert, I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities in this man's behavior, but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word. 10:55(Laughter)

10:58But the extrovert says, "If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one." And we go past each other.

11:04Now is this something that we should be heedful of? Of course. It's important that we know this. Is that all we are? Are we just a bunch of traits? No, we're not. Remember, you're like some other people and like no other person. How about that idiosyncratic you? As Elizabeth or as George, you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism. But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,or Georgian of yours, that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits? That make us love you? Not just because you're a certain type of person. 11:54I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes. I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes. So what is it that makes us different? It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects. You have a personal project right now, but nobody may know it here. It relates to your kid -- you've been back three times to the hospital, and they still don't know what's wrong. Or it could be your mom. And you'd been acting out of character. These are free traits. You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital, to get something for your mom or your child. 12:44What are these free traits? They're where were enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives. And they are what matters. Don't ask people what type you are; ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?" And we enact those free traits. I'm an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess. I'm a professor. And I adore my students, and I adore my field. And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting, what I can't wait to tell them about. And so I act in an extroverted way,because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.

13:35But we need to be very careful when we act protractedly out of character. Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves. I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior, I need to repair somewhere on my own. As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book, in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor who was teaching at the time at Harvard, I sometimes go to the men's room to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts. 14:12(Laughter)

14:13I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle, trying to avoid overstimulation. And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle, but in the next cubicle over -- and I could hear various evacuatory noises, which we hate -- even our own, that's why we flush during as well as after. 14:36(Laughter)

14:39And then I heard this gravelly voice saying, "Hey, is that Dr. Little? " 14:46(Laughter)

14:49If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john. 14:57(Laughter)

14:59That's where I'm going now. Don't follow me. 15:03Thank you.

15:04(Applause)

Brian Little: Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality Brian Little: Wer sind Sie wirklich? Das Rätsel der Persönlichkeit Brian Little: ¿Quién eres realmente? El rompecabezas de la personalidad Brian Little : Qui êtes-vous vraiment ? Le puzzle de la personnalité ブライアン・リトル本当のあなたは誰?個性のパズル Brian Little: Kim tak naprawdę jesteś? Zagadka osobowości Brian Little: Quem és tu, realmente? O puzzle da personalidade Брайан Литтл: Кто вы на самом деле? Головоломка личности Brian Little: Sen gerçekte kimsin? Kişilik bulmacası Брайан Літтл: Хто ви насправді? Загадка особистості Brian Little:你是谁,真的吗?人格之谜

0:12What an intriguing group of individuals you are ... to a psychologist. 0:12 Was für eine faszinierende Gruppe von Menschen Sie sind ... für einen Psychologen.

0:17(Laughter)

0:19I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other. 0:19 Ich hatte in den letzten Tagen die Gelegenheit, einige Ihrer Gespräche mitzuhören und zu beobachten, wie Sie miteinander umgehen. And I think it's fair to say, already, that there are 47 people in this audience, at this moment, displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today. 0:42(Laughter)

0:43And I thought you might like to know who you are.

0:46(Laughter)

But instead of pointing at you, which would be gratuitous and intrusive, I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories, in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself. Aber anstatt mit dem Finger auf Sie zu zeigen, was unnötig und aufdringlich wäre, dachte ich, ich erzähle Ihnen ein paar Fakten und Geschichten, in denen Sie vielleicht einen Blick auf sich selbst werfen können. Mais au lieu de vous pointer du doigt, ce qui serait gratuit et intrusif, j'ai pensé vous raconter quelques faits et histoires, dans lesquels vous pourrez vous apercevoir.

1:01I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology, which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives. 1:01 Ich arbeite auf dem Forschungsgebiet der Persönlichkeitspsychologie, die Teil einer größeren Persönlichkeitswissenschaft ist, die das gesamte Spektrum von Neuronen bis hin zu Erzählungen umfasst. And what we try to do, in our own way, is to make sense of how each of us -- each of you -- is, in certain respects, like all other people, like some other people and like no other person. Und wir versuchen, auf unsere Weise zu verstehen, dass jeder von uns - jeder von Ihnen - in gewisser Hinsicht wie alle anderen Menschen, wie einige andere Menschen und wie kein anderer Mensch ist.

1:33Now, already you may be saying of yourself, "I'm not intriguing. 1:33 Vielleicht sagen Sie jetzt schon von sich selbst: "Ich bin nicht intrigant. I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere." Ich bin der 46. langweiligste Mensch in der westlichen Hemisphäre". Or you may say of yourself, "I am intriguing, even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit. " Oder Sie sagen von sich selbst: "Ich bin faszinierend, auch wenn ich von den meisten Menschen für einen großen, donnernden Trottel gehalten werde. " Ou vous pouvez dire de vous-même: "Je suis intrigant, même si je suis considéré par la plupart des gens comme un grand crétin tonnerre." 1:56(Laughter)

1:57But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness" that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you. 1:57 Maar het is je zelfgediagnosticeerde saaiheid en je inherente "nervositeit" die mij, als psycholoog, echt door jou gefascineerd maakt. So let me explain why this is so.

2:11One of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology, and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed, and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people. 2:11 Einer der einflussreichsten Ansätze in der Persönlichkeitswissenschaft ist die Persönlichkeitspsychologie, die Sie an fünf Dimensionen ausrichtet, die normal verteilt sind und allgemein gültige Aspekte der Unterschiede zwischen Menschen beschreiben. They spell out the acronym OCEAN. Sie buchstabieren das Akronym OCEAN. So, "O" stands for "open to experience," versus those who are more closed. Das "O" steht also für "offen für Erfahrungen", im Gegensatz zu denjenigen, die eher verschlossen sind. "C" stands for "conscientiousness," in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life. "C" steht für "conscientiousness" (Gewissenhaftigkeit), im Gegensatz zu denjenigen, die dem Leben eher untätig gegenüberstehen. "E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people. "E" - "Extrovertiertheit", im Gegensatz zu eher introvertierten Menschen. "A" -- "agreeable individuals," in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable. "A" - "angenehme Personen", im Gegensatz zu denjenigen, die eindeutig nicht angenehm sind. And "N" -- "neurotic individuals," in contrast to those who are more stable. Und "N" - "neurotische Personen", im Gegensatz zu denjenigen, die eher stabil sind. 3:03All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being, for how our life goes. 3:03 Alle diese Dimensionen haben Auswirkungen auf unser Wohlbefinden, auf den Verlauf unseres Lebens. And so we know that, for example, openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success, but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and, occasionally, odd. So wissen wir zum Beispiel, dass Offenheit und Gewissenhaftigkeit sehr gute Prädiktoren für den Erfolg im Leben sind, aber die offenen Menschen erreichen diesen Erfolg, indem sie kühn und gelegentlich auch seltsam sind. The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines, to persevering, as well as having some passion. Gewissenhafte Menschen erreichen dies, indem sie sich an Fristen halten, ausdauernd sind und eine gewisse Leidenschaft mitbringen. Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people. Extrovertiertheit und Verträglichkeit sind beide förderlich für eine gute Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen. Extraversie en vriendelijkheid zijn beide bevorderlijk om goed met mensen samen te werken. Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing. With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow. In meinen Klassen gebe ich ihnen manchmal eine grundlegende Tatsache, die für ihre Persönlichkeit aufschlussreich sein könnte: Ich sage ihnen, dass es für Erwachsene praktisch unmöglich ist, die Außenseite ihres eigenen Ellbogens abzulecken.

4:00(Laughter) 4:00(Gelächter)

4:01Did you know that? Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow. But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them. Aber die Extrovertierten unter Ihnen sind wahrscheinlich diejenigen, die es nicht nur versucht, sondern auch erfolgreich den Ellbogen ihres Sitznachbarn abgeleckt haben.

4:17(Laughter)

4:18Those are the extroverts.

4:20Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures. 4:20 Lassen Sie mich noch etwas ausführlicher auf die Extrovertiertheit eingehen, denn sie ist folgenreich und faszinierend und hilft uns zu verstehen, was ich unsere drei Naturen nenne. First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives. Erstens unsere biogene Natur - unsere Neurophysiologie - und zweitens unsere soziogene oder zweite Natur, die mit den kulturellen und sozialen Aspekten unseres Lebens zu tun hat. And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature. Und drittens, was Sie individuell macht - idiosynkratisch - was ich Ihre "idiogene" Natur nenne. 4:52Let me explain. One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation. And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED -- you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core. Und diese Stimulation kann man erreichen, indem man Dinge findet, die aufregend sind: laute Geräusche, Partys und soziale Veranstaltungen hier bei TED - Sie sehen, dass die Extrovertierten einen magnetischen Kern bilden. They all gather together. Sie kommen alle zusammen. And I've seen you. Und ich habe dich gesehen. The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation -- and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial. It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.

5:41Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body. Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts. When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, "I really need a cup of coffee," they're not kidding -- they really do. Wenn extrovertierte Menschen um neun Uhr morgens ins Büro kommen und sagen: "Ich brauche dringend eine Tasse Kaffee", dann ist das kein Scherz - sie brauchen ihn wirklich. Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in -- and they've had some coffee -- if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative. Introvertierte schneiden nicht so gut ab, vor allem, wenn die Aufgaben, mit denen sie beschäftigt sind - und sie haben einen Kaffee getrunken -, wenn diese Aufgaben beschleunigt werden und wenn sie quantitativ sind, können Introvertierte den Eindruck erwecken, nicht besonders quantitativ zu sein. But it's a misconstrual. Aber das ist ein Missverständnis. Mais c'est une erreur d'interprétation. 6:18So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point. 6:18Die Folgen sind wirklich faszinierend: Wir sind nicht immer das, was wir zu sein scheinen, und das bringt mich zu meinem nächsten Punkt. I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse,although I may not have time. Bevor ich dazu komme, sollte ich noch etwas zum Geschlechtsverkehr sagen, auch wenn ich vielleicht keine Zeit habe. And so, if you would like me to -- yes, you would? Wenn Sie also möchten, dass ich... Ja, Sie möchten? OK.

6:39(Laughter)

6:40There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert. 6:40 Es gibt Studien über die Häufigkeit des ehelichen Akts, aufgeschlüsselt nach männlich, weiblich, introvertiert und extrovertiert. 6: 40Il y a des études effectuées sur la fréquence à laquelle les individus s'engagent dans l'acte conjugal, ventilée par homme, femme; introverti extraverti. So I ask you: How many times per minute -- oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study -- Also frage ich Sie: Wie oft pro Minute - oh, tut mir leid, das war eine Rattenstudie - 6:58(Laughter)

7:01How many times per month do introverted men engage in the act? 7:01Wie oft pro Monat vollziehen introvertierte Männer den Akt? 3.0. Extroverted men? More or less?Yes, more. 5.5 -- almost twice as much. Introverted women: 3.1. Extroverted women? Frankly, speaking as an introverted male, which I will explain later -- they are heroic. Offen gesagt, ich spreche als introvertierter Mann, was ich später erklären werde - sie sind heldenhaft. 7.5. They not only handle all the male extroverts, they pick up a few introverts as well. Sie kümmern sich nicht nur um alle extrovertierten Männer, sondern auch um ein paar introvertierte.

7:39(Laughter)

7:41(Applause)

7:47We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts. Extroverts, when they interact, want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness. Extrovertierte Menschen wollen, wenn sie interagieren, viele soziale Begegnungen haben, die von Nähe unterbrochen werden. They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.They like to have a lot of eye contact, or mutual gaze. Sie stehen gerne nah beieinander, um sich bequem unterhalten zu können, und haben gerne viel Augenkontakt oder gegenseitige Blicke. We found in some research that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody. Wir haben in einigen Untersuchungen festgestellt, dass sie mehr Verkleinerungsformen verwenden, wenn sie jemanden treffen. So when an extrovert meets a Charles, it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck," and then "Chuckles Baby. " 8:20(Laughter)

8:22Whereas for introverts, it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate by the person he's talking to. We speak differently. Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine -- we speak differently. We prefer contextually complex, contingent, weasel-word sentences -- Wir bevorzugen kontextuell komplexe, kontingente, wortklauberische Sätze. Nous préférons les phrases contextuellement complexes, contingentes, de mots belettes -

9:01(Laughter)

9:02More or less. 9:02Mehr oder weniger.

9:04(Laughter) 9:04(Gelächter)

9:05As it were. 9:05 Sozusagen.

9:07(Laughter)

9:08Not to put too fine a point upon it -- like that. 9:08 Um es nicht zu sehr auf den Punkt zu bringen - so ist es.

9:12When we talk, we sometimes talk past each other. 9:12Wenn wir uns unterhalten, reden wir manchmal aneinander vorbei. I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague who's as different from me as two people can possibly be. Ich hatte einen Beratervertrag, den ich mit einem Kollegen teilte, der so verschieden von mir ist, wie zwei Menschen nur sein können. First, his name is Tom. Erstens: Er heißt Tom. Mine isn't. Meine ist es nicht. 9:26(Laughter)

9:28Secondly, he's six foot five. 9:28Zweitens: Er ist 1,80 m groß. I have a tendency not to be. Ich habe die Tendenz, das nicht zu sein.

9:31(Laughter)

9:33And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find. 9:33 Und drittens ist er der extrovertierteste Mensch, den man finden kann. I am seriously introverted. Ich bin sehr introvertiert. I overload so much, I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon and expect to sleep in the evening. Ich bin so überlastet, dass ich nach drei Uhr nachmittags nicht einmal mehr eine Tasse Kaffee trinken kann, ohne abends schlafen zu können. 9:49We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael. 9:49 Wir hatten für dieses Projekt einen Kollegen namens Michael abgestellt. 9: 49Nous avions détaché pour ce projet un camarade appelé Michael. And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt. Und Michael hätte das Projekt beinahe zum Scheitern gebracht. So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me, "What do you make of Michael? Die Person, die ihn entsandte, fragte Tom und mich: "Was haltet ihr von Michael? "Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute. He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese." Er sprach in klassischer "Extrovertiertheit". And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said, which is actually pretty accurate. Und so hörten extrovertierte Ohren, was ich sagte, was eigentlich ziemlich genau ist. I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times of behaving in a way that some of us might see as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for. " Ich sagte: "Nun, Michael hat die Tendenz, sich manchmal so zu verhalten, dass einige von uns es vielleicht als durchsetzungsfähiger ansehen, als es normalerweise angebracht wäre. " 10:29(Laughter)

10:32Tom rolled his eyes and he said, "Brian, that's what I said: he's an asshole! " 10:32Tom rollte mit den Augen und sagte: "Brian, das habe ich doch gesagt: Er ist ein Arschloch! " 10:39(Laughter)

10:41(Applause)

10:44Now, as an introvert, I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities in this man's behavior, but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word. 10:44Als Introvertierter könnte ich sanft auf gewisse "Arschloch"-Qualitäten im Verhalten dieses Mannes anspielen, aber ich werde mich nicht auf das A-Wort stürzen. 10:55(Laughter)

10:58But the extrovert says, "If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one." And we go past each other. Und wir gehen aneinander vorbei.

11:04Now is this something that we should be heedful of? 11: 04C'est quelque chose dont nous devrions être attentifs? Of course. It's important that we know this. Is that all we are? Are we just a bunch of traits? No, we're not. Remember, you're like some other people and like no other person. How about that idiosyncratic you? As Elizabeth or as George, you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism. But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,or Georgian of yours, that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits? Aber gibt es einige typisch elisabethanische oder georgianische Merkmale in Ihrem Verhalten, die uns helfen, Sie besser zu verstehen als nur eine Reihe von Charaktereigenschaften? That make us love you? Not just because you're a certain type of person. 11:54I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes. I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes. So what is it that makes us different? It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects. You have a personal project right now, but nobody may know it here. It relates to your kid -- you've been back three times to the hospital, and they still don't know what's wrong. Es geht um Ihr Kind - Sie waren schon dreimal im Krankenhaus, und man weiß immer noch nicht, was los ist. Or it could be your mom. Oder es könnte deine Mutter sein. And you'd been acting out of character. Und du hast dich unangemessen verhalten. These are free traits. Dies sind freie Eigenschaften. You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital, to get something for your mom or your child. Sie sind sehr angenehm, aber Sie handeln unangenehm, um die Schranken der administrativen Erstarrung im Krankenhaus zu durchbrechen, um etwas für Ihre Mutter oder Ihr Kind zu bekommen. 12:44What are these free traits? 12: 44Quels sont ces traits gratuits? They're where were enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives. Sie sind der Ort, an dem wir ein Drehbuch umsetzen, um ein zentrales Projekt in unserem Leben voranzubringen. And they are what matters. Don't ask people what type you are; ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?" Fragen Sie die Leute nicht, welcher Typ Sie sind, sondern: "Was sind Ihre wichtigsten Projekte in Ihrem Leben?" And we enact those free traits. Und wir setzen diese freien Eigenschaften um. I'm an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess. Ich bin ein introvertierter Mensch, aber ich habe ein zentrales Projekt, das darin besteht, zu erklären. I'm a professor. And I adore my students, and I adore my field. Und ich liebe meine Studenten und mein Fachgebiet. And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting, what I can't wait to tell them about. And so I act in an extroverted way,because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.

13:35But we need to be very careful when we act protractedly out of character. 13: 35Mais nous devons être très prudents lorsque nous agissons de manière prolongée hors de notre caractère. Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves. I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior, I need to repair somewhere on my own. As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book, in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor who was teaching at the time at Harvard, I sometimes go to the men's room to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts. Wie Susan Cain in ihrem Buch "Quiet" in einem Kapitel über den seltsamen kanadischen Professor, der zu dieser Zeit in Harvard lehrte, sagte, gehe ich manchmal auf die Herrentoilette, um den Pfeil und Bogen der unverschämten Extrovertierten zu entkommen. 14:12(Laughter)

14:13I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle, trying to avoid overstimulation. 14:13 Ich erinnere mich an einen bestimmten Tag, an dem ich mich in eine Kabine zurückzog und versuchte, eine Überstimulation zu vermeiden. And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle, but in the next cubicle over -- and I could hear various evacuatory noises, which we hate -- even our own, that's why we flush during as well as after. Et un vrai extraverti est venu à côté de moi - pas directement dans ma cabine, mais dans la cabine voisine - et j'ai pu entendre divers bruits d'évacuation, que nous détestons - même les nôtres, c'est pourquoi nous rincons pendant et après . 14:36(Laughter)

14:39And then I heard this gravelly voice saying, "Hey, is that Dr. Little? " 14:39 Und dann hörte ich diese kieselige Stimme sagen: "Hey, ist das Dr. Little? " 14:39 En toen hoorde ik deze schorre stem zeggen: "Hé, is dat Dr. Little?" 14:46(Laughter)

14:49If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john. 14:49Wenn es etwas gibt, das einen Introvertierten garantiert sechs Monate lang verstopft, dann ist es das Reden auf dem Klo. 14:49If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john. 14:57(Laughter)

14:59That's where I'm going now. 14:59Dorthin gehe ich jetzt. Don't follow me. 15:03Thank you.

15:04(Applause)