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Brains On! Podcast, Do insects see the world in slow motion? (1)

Do insects see the world in slow motion? (1)

Roslyn: You're listening to Brains On. Where we're serious about being curious.

Voice: Brains On is funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation

[Theme music]

Molly: In today's episode, we're getting into all about how animals can see the world around them…

(music slows down and everything powers off)

Molly: Sigh. That's the third time we've lost power this week. What is going on!? Well -- Our switch for the backup generator is somewhere in here… (rustling around)

Roslyn: Do you think the experimental colony of blue iguanas is napping on the rooftop solar panels again?

Molly: Maybe! The iguanas do love the Brains On headquarters solar set up. It's also possible that Marc and Sanden are replacing the wind turbine blades…

Roslyn: They did mention decorating the turbines with sea shells - so when they spun we'd hear the ocean.

Molly: (rustling as if rummaging around) Roslyn, do you see a label that says ‘GENNY' anywhere?

Roslyn: Not yet. Who's Genny?

Molly: Sanden can only do maintenance work if the thing he's working on has a name and a plant nearby. The generator is named Genny, and there's a potted Queen of the night cactus next to it.

HAWKMOTH: Did HAWKMOTH hear someone say… queen of the night cactus blossom?

Molly: Who's that? !

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is here.

Roslyn: Hi… uh, Hawkmoth? Where did you come from? ?

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is….generally… around. But HAWKMOTH is HERE for Queen of the night blossoms. (wings flapping)

Molly: Do insects always refer to themselves in third person?

HAWKMOTH. Not all of them. But not all of them are named HAWKMOTH.

Roslyn: Fair point

HAWKMOTH: (wings flapping) Aaaaaand Ah. Here's that queen of the night. Good thing you have the lights off — this sweet and juicy delicacy only blooms at night, mmmm. (slurping)

Roslyn: How did you find that cactus flower...so fast? ?

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is way better at seeing in the dark than you humans! HAWKMOTH actually slows its brain down a little to take in more light when it's dark, to help HAWKMOTH see better. Nothing crazy, but a human wouldn't understand. (slurp slurp)

Molly: Oh wow. And here's Genny's switch, too. Thanks for your help, HAWKMOTH.

HAWKMOTH: Wait wait wait let me get one more sip before you turn those awful lights back off. Queen of the night blossoms and HAWKMOTH are both VERY nocturnal.

Molly: As nice as it is to meet you, HAWKMOTH, we do have to get back to taping the show — so you know, let us know when you've had your fill, ok? (straw sucking to empty noise)

HAWKMOTH: OK. HAWKMOTH is satisfied. Carry on.

(Switch, then power up)

[THEME music]

Molly: You're listening to Brains On from American Public Media, I'm Molly Bloom and I'm here today with Roslyn from Duluth, Minnesota. Hi, Roslyn!

Roslyn: Hi!

Molly: Today we're talking about how animals see the world, because you sent in a great question about this. Do you remember the question you sent?

Roslyn: Do insects see things slower than we do or faster?

Molly: What made you curious about that?

Roslyn: Well, I was actually watching a film where they had people who were walking slower and then were tiny people who were walking faster and it was, I don't know, it got me interested.

Molly: So you were thinking if you're a tiny insect do you see people slower just like the tiny humans in that movie?

Roslyn: Yeah!

Molly: That inspired us to look into the wild world of animal vision. And you're not the only one who wondered about how animals see the world.

Maya: Hi Brains On! I'm Maya and I was wondering why do we see different colors than animals?

Finja: My name is Finja and my question is do animals see the same rainbow we do and if not how is it different?

Silas: My name is Silas and I'm from Fairbanks, Alaska and my question is how do some animals see heat?

Zoya: Hi my name is Zoya.

Quinn: Hi my name is Quinn.

Zoya: Our question is why do we see colors that some animals can't see?

Harriet: Hi my name is Harriet and I'm from Ohio. My question is how can eagles and other birds see from so far away?

Molly: Before we get into animal eyeballs, let's talk a little bit about how we see the world.

Roslyn: Our brain builds a picture of the world from the light that our eyes take in.

Molly: Two kinds of cells at the back of your eye tell your brain what light is coming in. One is called a rod and the other is called a cone.

Roslyn: Rods are great for seeing in low light and cones tell your brain about color.

Molly: Rod and cone -- they kinda sound like a TV sitcom duo.

[Cheesy Music]

Voice: Rod and Cone! Friends in your eyeholes!

They're seeing the world

Sensing the light

Cone's good at color

And Rod's for low light! Yeah!

Rod: We're friends.

Cone: You got that right, buddy. High five!

Roslyn: I'd watch that with my rods and cones.

Molly: Same. So, speaking of cones -- most people have three kinds -- ones that sense blue, ones that sense green and ones that sense red. And those cones combine to help us see a lot of different colors.

Roslyn: By the way — people who are colorblind might have fewer cones, or their cones might not work as well, which makes it harder for them to tell colors apart. But even people with the usual number of cones can't see all the light in the world.

Molly: That's because light can travel in a wide range of energy levels. Our eyes can only detect a tiny fraction of it. Just a very specific range.

Roslyn: It's similar to hearing -- you know how you can hear this tone?

[TONE starts medium then goes up in pitch until it's impossible to hear]

Roslyn: But as it gets higher and higher in pitch ---- it gets harder and harder to hear. Until -- it's gone!

Molly: The tone is still there - we just can't hear it anymore. Our ears aren't equipped. But other animals might be able to hear it.

Dog: Woof woof!

Roslyn: Like dogs. They have good ears. Cute fluffy good ears.

Dog: Woof.

Molly: It's similar with light. All the light we see is only part of the light out there. We call that visible light. But there's light that's much lower in energy - like radio waves and microwaves.

Roslyn: Which we can't see. (wah wah)

Molly: Then there's light that's much higher in energy - like ultraviolet waves or gamma waves.

Roslyn: Which we also can't see. (wah wah)

Molly: We call this entire range of light -- the electromagnetic spectrum! It's so cool and important, we wrote a song to help you remember it. The waves go in order from lowest energy to highest energy. Hit it singers!

[music]

Singers:

Radio

Microwave

Infrared

Visible

Ultraviolet

Xray

Gamma

Yeah, here we go

Space between waves gets shorter and shorter

Electromagnetic spectrum that's the order

Radio

Microwave

Infrared

Visible

Ultraviolet

Xray

Gamma

It's the electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum

These are the facts we checked em

The electromagnetic spectrum

Molly: So lovely.

Roslyn: And informative.

Molly: Exactly. Now, we can't see things outside the visible spectrum -- but some animals can!

And they… have some feelings about it. We checked out an animal vision support group to hear more about that.

(murmury talking, some shuffling)

Mal the Mantis: Ahem, Welcome to the Eyes Wider Open support group. Here, we can all share what it's like to see the world, through our eyes. If we haven't, ahem, SEEN you here before, heh heh, welcome.

(groans)

Monty the Mantis: OK, OK, some of you are tired of my little joke. Thank you for that feedback. I wanna kick off with intros. So I'll start. I'm Mal, I'm a mantis shrimp. I can see ultraviolet light, and I have a bunch of different color sensing cells, but scientists don't think I'm great at telling colors apart. And I'm still processing that.

Cecily Snake: I'm Cecily. I'm a pit viper and I'm amazing. I see a heat map of whatever I'm looking at.

Caleb Caribou: I'm Caleb, I'm a caribou, and I have really big eyeballs that can see ultraviolet light, like Mal. That makes my world much brighter.

Landry Lab: (pants) Hi, I'm Landry. (pants) I'm a yellow lab. My eyes have two kinds of cone cells. So I can tell blue and yellowish stuff apart pretty well. But the other colors are a bit mushy.

Bo Bluebottle: And I'm Bo. I'm a bluebottle butterfly. I have exquisite color vision. Like Caleb and Mal, I also see UV.

Mal: Wow. Great. Thank you all so much. So who'd like to start today?

Cecily Snake: I'll sssstart.

Mal: Thanks, Cecily.

Cecily Snake: So you know, pit vipers have these two pit organs on our faces, see— they look like second nostrils, but bigger. They help me ssssseeeee in a different way. My pit organs sense heat. My eyes see what's around me. And my brain puts the two together.

Mal: Fascinating. How do you feel about that?

Cecily Snake: Ugh. Well, for one thing, I'm tired of getting here, and looking at the coffee, and seeing that it's cold. The coffee here is never hot and it's ssssso uncivilized that you all just keep eating and drinking lukewarm stuff. If you had any decent snacks, I'd spot them right away! Would it kill you to put a warm mouse on the snack table every once in a while

Mal the Mantis: Good note, thank you for sharing, Cecily. I'll going to pass your snack request on. Who'd like to share next?

Caleb Caribou: I can. You know, I'm just feeling a little misunderstood. Like, no offense Mal and Bo, but everyone gets why bugs and shrimps use their UV vision to find friends and food. But they just don't get me.

Mal the Mantis: Wow, Caleb. That sounds really hard. Can you say more?

Caleb Caribou: Well, seeing UV light helps me tell important things apart, too! Snow vs. lichen vs. a hungry wolf, for instance. It's extra helpful to let more light into my eyes in the dark arctic winter, when my world is a deep, deep blue. But also, UV vision highlights urine. So, I knew not to sit in the chair that Landry marked, for instance.

Landry the Lab: (pants) Couldn't help myself! Apologies!

Mal the Mantis: So expressive, Landry. Thank you. And thanks for sharing Caleb. Bo -- you haven't shared for a while. (fades out)

Molly: Okay, let's give our eyes a rest and instead - activate our ears. It's time for the

Whisper: Mystery Sound!

Molly: Here it is.

(Plays sound)

Molly: What is your guess?

Roslyn: I think it's some sort of seal, maybe a sea gull?

Molly: A seal or a seagull, excellent guess. We're gonna hear it again and be back with the answer in just a little bit.

[music]

Molly: We're working on an episode about our favorite kind of suit.

Roslyn: Swimsuits?

Molly: Even cooler -- spacesuits! These technological wonders let humans survive in the cold, harsh and otherwise deadly vacuum of space.

Roslyn: Yeah, swimsuits definitely can't do that.

Molly: Of course, we humans make all kinds of special suits -- ones that let us dive deep underwater, ones that protect firefighters from flames -- even ones that can camouflage us so we blend in with nature. So Roslyn -- if you could have a special suit that could help you with some task - any task -- what would it do?

Roslyn: Possibly a bike maintenance suit?

Molly: Ooh. Tell me more.

Roslyn: It would have all the things I'd need to fix my bike if, say, my tire popped.

Molly: That would be useful.

Roslyn: Yes it would.

Molly: What color would you want it to be?


Do insects see the world in slow motion? (1) Sehen Insekten die Welt in Zeitlupe? (1) ¿Ven los insectos el mundo a cámara lenta? (1) Gli insetti vedono il mondo al rallentatore? (1) 昆虫は世界をスローモーションで見ている?(1) Czy owady widzą świat w zwolnionym tempie? (1) Os insectos vêem o mundo em câmara lenta? (1) Видят ли насекомые мир в замедленной съемке? (1) Böcekler dünyayı ağır çekimde mi görür? (1) Чи бачать комахи світ у сповільненій зйомці? (1) 昆虫看世界是慢动作吗? (1) 昆虫眼中的世界是慢动作的吗?(1)

Roslyn: You're listening to Brains On. Roslyn: Estás escuchando Brains On. Roslyn: Słuchasz Brains On. 罗斯林:你在听 Brains On。 Where we're serious about being curious. Gdzie poważnie myślimy o ciekawości. 我们认真对待好奇的地方。

Voice: Brains On is funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation 声音:Brains On 的部分资金来自国家科学基金会的资助

[Theme music] [主题音乐]

Molly: In today's episode, we're getting into all about how animals can see the world around them… Molly: W dzisiejszym odcinku zagłębimy się w to, jak zwierzęta widzą otaczający ich świat… 莫莉:在今天的节目中,我们将深入探讨动物如何看待周围的世界……

(music slows down and everything powers off) (muzyka zwalnia i wszystko się wyłącza) (音乐放慢,一切都关闭)

Molly: Sigh. Molly: Westchnienie. 莫莉:叹息。 That's the third time we've lost power this week. To już trzeci raz, kiedy tracimy moc w tym tygodniu. Это третий раз, когда мы потеряли электричество на этой неделе. 这是我们本周第三次停电。 What is going __on!__? 到底是怎么回事!? Well -- Our switch for the backup generator is somewhere in here… (rustling around) Cóż... Nasz przełącznik do zapasowego generatora jest gdzieś tutaj... (szeleszcząc) 好吧——我们的备用发电机开关就在这儿的某个地方……(周围沙沙作响)

Roslyn: Do you think the experimental colony of blue iguanas is napping on the rooftop solar panels again? روزلين: هل تعتقد أن مستعمرة الإغوانا الزرقاء التجريبية تغفو على الألواح الشمسية على السطح مرة أخرى؟ Roslyn: Czy uważasz, że eksperymentalna kolonia niebieskich legwanów znów drzemie na panelach słonecznych na dachu? 罗斯林:你认为蓝鬣蜥实验群又在屋顶太阳能电池板上打盹了吗?

Molly: Maybe! The iguanas do love the Brains On headquarters solar set up. تحب الإغوانا تركيب الطاقة الشمسية في المقر الرئيسي لشركة Brains On. Legwany uwielbiają instalację solarną w siedzibie głównej Brains On. 鬣蜥确实喜欢 Brains On 总部的太阳能装置。 It's also possible that Marc and Sanden are replacing the wind turbine blades… Możliwe też, że Marc i Sanden wymieniają łopaty turbin wiatrowych… Также возможно, что Марк и Санден заменяют лопасти ветряной турбины… 也有可能是 Marc 和 Sanden 正在更换风力涡轮机叶片……

Roslyn: They did mention decorating the turbines with sea shells - so when they spun we'd hear the ocean. Roslyn: Wspominali o ozdobieniu turbin muszlami morskimi - więc kiedy wirowali, słyszeliśmy ocean. Рослин: Они упоминали об украшении турбин морскими раковинами, чтобы, когда они вращались, мы слышали шум океана. Roslyn:他们确实提到用贝壳装饰涡轮机——所以当它们旋转时我们会听到大海的声音。

Molly: (rustling as if rummaging around) Roslyn, do you see a  label that says ‘GENNY' anywhere? 莫莉:(沙沙作响,好像在四处翻找)罗斯林,你有没有在任何地方看到一个写着“GENNY”的标签?

Roslyn: Not yet. 罗斯林:还没有。 Who's Genny? 珍妮是谁?

Molly: Sanden can only do maintenance work if the thing he's working on has a name and a plant nearby. Molly: Sanden może wykonywać prace konserwacyjne tylko wtedy, gdy rzecz, nad którą pracuje, ma nazwę i zakład w pobliżu. Молли: Санден может выполнять ремонтные работы только в том случае, если у вещи, над которой он работает, есть имя и завод поблизости. 莫莉:桑登只有在他正在做的事情有名字并且附近有工厂的情况下才能进行维护工作。 The generator is named Genny, and there's a potted Queen of the night cactus next to it. Generator nazywa się Genny, a obok niego znajduje się doniczkowa królowa nocy kaktus. Генератор называется Генни, а рядом с ним стоит кактус Королева ночи в горшке. 发电机的名字叫Genny,旁边还有盆栽的夜之仙人掌。

HAWKMOTH: Did HAWKMOTH hear someone say… queen of the night cactus blossom? HAWKMOTH: Czy HAWKMOTH słyszał, jak ktoś mówił… królowa nocnego rozkwitu kaktusa? HAWKMOTH:HAWKMOTH 有没有听到有人说……仙人掌盛开的夜之女王?

Molly: Who's that? 莫莉:那是谁? !

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is here. HAWKMOTH:HAWKMOTH 来了。

Roslyn: Hi… uh, Hawkmoth? Roslyn:嗨……呃,Hawkmoth? Where did you come from? 你来自哪里? ?

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is….generally… around. HAWKMOTH:HAWKMOTH 是……一般……在附近。 But HAWKMOTH is HERE for Queen of the night blossoms. Но HAWKMOTH ЗДЕСЬ для Королевы ночных цветов. 但是 HAWKMOTH 在这里是为了夜花女王。 (wings flapping) (拍打翅膀)

Molly: Do insects always refer to themselves in third person? Молли: Всегда ли насекомые говорят о себе в третьем лице? 莫莉:昆虫总是用第三人称来称呼自己吗?

HAWKMOTH. Not all of them. Не все из них. But not all of them are named HAWKMOTH.

Roslyn: Fair point Рослин: Справедливое замечание 罗斯林:公平点

HAWKMOTH: (wings flapping) Aaaaaand Ah. HAWKMOTH:(拍打翅膀)Aaaaaand 啊。 Here's that queen of the night. Вот она, королева ночи. 这是夜之女王。 Good thing you have the lights off — this sweet and juicy delicacy only blooms at night, mmmm. 还好你关了灯——这种甜美多汁的美味只在晚上开花,嗯。 (slurping) (啜饮)

Roslyn: How did you find that cactus flower...so fast? 罗斯林:你是怎么找到那朵仙人掌花的……这么快? ?

HAWKMOTH: HAWKMOTH is way better at seeing in the dark than you humans! HAWKMOTH actually slows its brain down a little to take in more light when it's dark, to help HAWKMOTH see better. HAWKMOTH 实际上会在黑暗中稍微放慢其大脑的速度以吸收更多光线,从而帮助 HAWKMOTH 看得更清楚。 Nothing crazy, but a human wouldn't understand. 没什么疯狂的,但人类不会理解。 (slurp slurp)

Molly: Oh wow. 莫莉:哇哦。 And here's Genny's switch, too. 这也是 Genny 的开关。 Thanks for your help, HAWKMOTH. 感谢您的帮助,HAWKMOTH。

HAWKMOTH: Wait wait wait let me get one more sip before you turn those awful lights back off. HAWKMOTH:等等等等,在你关掉那些可怕的灯之前让我再喝一口。 Queen of the night blossoms and HAWKMOTH are both VERY nocturnal.

Molly: As nice as it is to meet you, HAWKMOTH, we do have to get back to taping the show — so you know, let us know when you've had your fill, ok? Molly:虽然很高兴见到你,HAWKMOTH,但我们确实得回去录制节目了——所以你知道,当你玩完了就告诉我们,好吗? (straw sucking to empty noise) (吸管吸空声)

HAWKMOTH: OK. 霍克莫斯:好的。 HAWKMOTH is satisfied. Carry on. 继续。

(Switch, then  power up) (开关,然后通电)

[THEME music] [主题音乐]

Molly: You're listening to Brains On from American Public Media, I'm Molly Bloom and I'm here today with Roslyn from Duluth, Minnesota. 莫莉:你正在收听来自美国公共媒体的 Brains On,我是莫莉布鲁姆,今天我和来自明尼苏达州德卢斯的罗斯林一起来到这里。 Hi, Roslyn! 嗨,罗斯林!

Roslyn: Hi! 罗斯林:嗨!

Molly: Today we're talking about how animals see the world, because you sent in a great question about this. Do you remember the question you sent?

Roslyn: Do insects see things slower than we do or faster?

Molly: What made you curious about that?

Roslyn: Well, I was actually watching a film where they had people who were walking slower and then were tiny people who were walking faster and it was, I don't know, it got me interested. 罗斯林:嗯,我实际上在看一部电影,里面有走得慢的人和走得更快的小人物,我不知道,这让我感兴趣。

Molly:  So you were thinking if you're a tiny insect do you see people slower just like the tiny humans in that movie? 莫莉:所以你在想,如果你是一只小昆虫,你会看到像电影中的小人一样慢的人吗?

Roslyn: Yeah! 罗斯林:是的!

Molly: That inspired us to look into the wild world of animal vision. And you're not the only one who wondered about how animals see the world. 你不是唯一想知道动物如何看待世界的人。

Maya: Hi Brains On! 玛雅:嗨,开动脑筋! I'm Maya and I was wondering why do we see different colors than animals? 我是玛雅,我想知道为什么我们看到的颜色与动物不同?

Finja: My name is Finja and my question is do animals see the same rainbow we do and if not how is it different? Finja:我叫 Finja,我的问题是动物看到的彩虹和我们看到的彩虹一样吗?如果不是,那有什么不同?

Silas: My name is Silas and I'm from Fairbanks, Alaska and my question is how do some animals see heat? Silas:我叫 Silas,来自阿拉斯加的费尔班克斯,我的问题是有些动物是如何感知热量的?

Zoya: Hi my name is Zoya. 卓娅:大家好,我叫卓娅。

Quinn: Hi my name is Quinn. 奎因:嗨,我叫奎因。

Zoya: Our question is why do we see colors that some animals can't see? Zoya:我们的问题是为什么我们能看到某些动物看不到的颜色?

Harriet: Hi my name is Harriet and I'm from Ohio. Harriet:大家好,我叫 Harriet,来自俄亥俄州。 My question is how can eagles and other birds see from so far away? 我的问题是老鹰和其他鸟类怎么能从这么远的地方看到东西?

Molly: Before we get into animal eyeballs, let's talk a little bit about how we see the world. 莫莉:在我们进入动物眼球之前,让我们先谈谈我们是如何看待这个世界的。

Roslyn: Our brain builds a picture of the world from the light that our eyes take in. Roslyn:我们的大脑根据我们眼睛接收到的光来构建世界图景。

Molly: Two kinds of cells at the back of your eye tell your brain what light is coming in. 莫莉:眼睛后部的两种细胞告诉你的大脑什么光线进来了。 One is called a rod and the other is called a cone. 一个称为杆,另一个称为锥。

Roslyn: Rods are great for seeing in low light and cones tell your brain about color. Roslyn:视杆细胞非常适合在弱光下看东西,而视锥细胞会告诉你的大脑颜色。

Molly: Rod and cone -- they kinda sound like a TV sitcom duo. 莫莉:杆和锥——它们听起来有点像电视情景喜剧二人组。

[Cheesy Music] [俗气的音乐]

Voice: Rod and Cone! 声音:杆和锥! Friends in your eyeholes! 眼中的朋友!

__They're seeing the world 他们在看世界

Sensing the light 感知光线

Cone's good at color Cone擅长颜色

And Rod's for low light! Rod 适合弱光! Yeah!__ 是的!

Rod: We're friends.

Cone: You got that right, buddy. High five! 击掌!

Roslyn: I'd watch that with my rods and cones. 罗斯林:我会用我的视杆细胞和视锥细胞观察。

Molly: Same. 莫莉:一样。 So, speaking of cones -- most people have three kinds -- ones that sense blue, ones that sense green and ones that sense red. 所以,说到视锥细胞—— 大多数人有三种—— 一种感知蓝色,一种感知绿色,一种感知红色。 And those cones combine to help us see a lot of different colors. 这些视锥细胞结合起来帮助我们看到许多不同的颜色。

Roslyn: By the way — people who are colorblind might have fewer cones, or their cones might not work as well, which makes it harder for them to tell colors apart. Roslyn:顺便说一下——色盲的人可能拥有更少的视锥细胞,或者他们的视锥细胞可能无法正常工作,这使得他们更难区分颜色。 But even people with the usual number of cones can't see all the light in the world. 但即使是拥有通常视锥细胞数量的人也无法看到世界上所有的光。

Molly: That's because light can travel in a wide range of energy levels. 莫莉:那是因为光可以在很宽的能级范围内传播。 Our eyes can only detect a tiny fraction of it. 我们的眼睛只能检测到其中的一小部分。 Just a very specific range. 只是一个非常具体的范围。

Roslyn: It's similar to hearing -- you know how you can hear this tone? 罗斯林:这类似于听力——你知道你是怎么听到这种音调的吗?

[TONE starts medium then goes up in pitch until it's impossible to hear] [音调从中等开始,然后音高升高,直到听不见]

Roslyn: But as it gets higher and higher in pitch ---- it gets harder and harder to hear. Roslyn:但是随着它的音调越来越高----它变得越来越难听。 Until -- it's gone! 直到——它消失了!

Molly: The tone is still there - we just can't hear it anymore. 莫莉:音调还在那里——我们只是再也听不到了。 Our ears aren't equipped. 我们的耳朵没有装备。 But other animals might be able to hear it.

Dog: Woof woof! 狗:汪汪!

Roslyn: Like dogs. 罗斯林:像狗一样。 They have good ears. 他们的耳朵很好。 Cute fluffy good ears. 可爱毛茸茸的好耳朵。

Dog: Woof. 狗:汪。

Molly: It's similar with light. All the light we see is only part of the light out there. 我们看到的所有光只是外面光的一部分。 We call that visible light. But there's light that's much lower in energy - like radio waves and microwaves. 但也有能量低得多的光——比如无线电波和微波。

Roslyn: Which we can't see. (wah wah) (哇哇)

Molly: Then there's light that's much higher in energy - like ultraviolet waves or gamma waves. 莫莉:还有能量更高的光——比如紫外线或伽马波。

Roslyn: Which we also can't see. (wah wah)

Molly: We call this entire range of light -- the electromagnetic spectrum! 莫莉:我们把这整个范围的光称为电磁光谱! It's so cool and important, we wrote a song to help you remember it. 它是如此的酷和重要,我们写了一首歌来帮助你记住它。 The waves go in order from lowest energy to highest energy. 波的顺序是从最低能量到最高能量。 Hit it singers! 击中它的歌手!

[music] [音乐]

Singers:

__Radio 收音机

Microwave 微波

Infrared 红外线的

Visible 可见的

Ultraviolet 紫外线

Xray

Gamma

Yeah, here we go 是的,我们开始

Space between waves gets shorter and shorter 波浪之间的空间越来越短

Electromagnetic spectrum that's the order 电磁波谱就是这样

Radio

Microwave

Infrared

Visible 可见的

Ultraviolet

Xray

Gamma

It's the electromagnetic spectrum 这是电磁波谱

The electromagnetic spectrum

These are the facts we checked em 这些是我们检查过的事实

The electromagnetic spectrum__ 电磁频谱

Molly: So lovely.

Roslyn: And informative. 罗斯林:而且内容丰富。

Molly: Exactly. 莫莉:没错。 Now, we can't see things outside the visible spectrum -- but some animals can! 现在,我们看不到可见光谱之外的东西——但有些动物可以!

And they… have some feelings about it. 他们……对此有一些感觉。 We checked out an animal vision support group to hear more about that. 我们检查了一个动物视觉支持小组,以了解更多相关信息。

(murmury talking, some shuffling) (喃喃自语,一些洗牌)

Mal the Mantis: Ahem, Welcome to the Eyes Wider Open support group. Mal the Mantis:咳咳,欢迎来到 Eyes Wider Open 支持小组。 Here, we can all share what it's like to see the world, through our eyes. 在这里,我们都可以分享通过我们的眼睛看世界的感觉。 If we haven't, ahem, SEEN you here before, heh heh, welcome. 如果我们还没有,咳咳,以前在这里见过你,嘿嘿,欢迎。

(groans) (呻吟)

Monty the Mantis: OK, OK, some of you are tired of my little joke. Monty the Mantis:好吧,好吧,你们中的一些人已经厌倦了我的小玩笑。 Thank you for that feedback. I wanna kick off with intros. 我想先介绍一下。 So I'll start. 所以我会开始。 I'm Mal, I'm a mantis shrimp. 我是 Mal,我是一只螳螂虾。 I can see ultraviolet light, and I have a bunch of different color sensing cells, but scientists don't think I'm great at telling colors apart. 我能看到紫外线,我有一堆不同的颜色感应细胞,但科学家们认为我不擅长区分颜色。 And I'm still processing that. 我还在处理那个。

Cecily Snake: I'm Cecily. Cecily Snake:我是Cecily。 I'm a pit viper and I'm amazing. 我是一条毒蛇,我很了不起。 I see a heat map of whatever I'm looking at. 我看到了我正在查看的任何内容的热图。

Caleb Caribou: I'm Caleb, I'm a caribou, and I have really big eyeballs that can see ultraviolet light, like Mal. Caleb Caribou:我是 Caleb,我是一只驯鹿,我的眼球很大,可以看到紫外线,就像 Mal。 That makes my world much brighter. 这让我的世界更加光明。

Landry Lab: (pants) Hi, I'm Landry. Landry Lab:(裤子)嗨,我是 Landry。 (pants) I'm a yellow lab. (裤子)我是黄色实验室。 My eyes have two kinds of cone cells. 我的眼睛有两种视锥细胞。 So I can tell blue and yellowish stuff apart pretty well. 所以我可以很好地区分蓝色和黄色的东西。 But the other colors are a bit mushy. 但是其他颜色有点糊状。

Bo Bluebottle: And I'm Bo. Bo Bluebottle:我是 Bo。 I'm a bluebottle butterfly. 我是青头蝶。 I have exquisite color vision. 我有精致的色觉。 Like Caleb and Mal, I also see UV. 像 Caleb 和 Mal 一样,我也看到了紫外线。

Mal: Wow. 马尔:哇。 Great. 伟大的。 Thank you all so much. 非常感谢大家。 So who'd like to start today? 那么谁愿意今天开始呢?

Cecily Snake: I'll sssstart. Cecily Snake:我要开始了。

Mal: Thanks, Cecily.

Cecily Snake: So you know, pit vipers have these two pit organs on our faces, see— they look like second nostrils, but bigger. Cecily Snake:所以你知道,毒蛇在我们的脸上有两个凹陷器官,看——它们看起来像第二个鼻孔,但更大。 They help me ssssseeeee in a different way. 他们以不同的方式帮助我 ssssseeeee。 My pit organs sense heat. 我的窝器官能感觉到热量。 My eyes see what's around me. 我的眼睛看到我周围的东西。 And my brain puts the two together. 我的大脑将两者放在一起。

Mal: Fascinating. 马尔:迷人。 How do you feel about that? 你对这件事有什么感想?

Cecily Snake: Ugh. Cecily Snake:呃。 Well, for one thing, I'm __tired__ of getting here, and looking at the coffee, and seeing that it's cold. 好吧,一方面,我厌倦了来到这里,看着咖啡,看到它是冷的。 The coffee here is never hot and it's ssssso uncivilized that you all just keep eating and drinking lukewarm stuff. 这里的咖啡从不热,而且太不文明了,你们都一直吃喝不冷不热的东西。 If you had any decent snacks, I'd spot them right away! 如果你有任何像样的零食,我马上就会发现它们! Would it kill you to put a warm mouse on the snack table every once in a while

Mal the Mantis: Good note, thank you for sharing, Cecily. I'll going to pass your snack request on. Who'd like to share next?

Caleb Caribou: I can. You know, I'm just feeling a little misunderstood. Like, no offense Mal and Bo, but everyone gets why bugs and shrimps use their UV vision to find friends and food. But they just don't get me.

Mal the Mantis: Wow, Caleb. That sounds really hard. Can you say more?

Caleb Caribou: Well, seeing UV light helps me tell important things apart, too! Snow vs. lichen vs. a hungry wolf, for instance. It's extra helpful to let more light into my eyes in the dark arctic winter, when my world is a deep, deep blue. But also, UV vision highlights urine. So, I knew not to sit in the chair that Landry marked, for instance.

Landry the Lab: (pants) Couldn't help myself! Apologies!

Mal the Mantis: So expressive, Landry. Thank you. And thanks for sharing Caleb. Bo -- you haven't shared for a while. (fades out)

Molly: Okay, let's give our eyes a rest and instead - activate our ears. It's time for the

Whisper: Mystery Sound!

Molly: Here it is.

(Plays sound)

Molly: What is your guess?

Roslyn: I think it's some sort of seal, maybe a sea gull?

Molly: A seal or a seagull, excellent guess. We're gonna hear it again and be back with the answer in just a little bit.

[music]

Molly: We're working on an episode about our favorite kind of suit.

Roslyn: Swimsuits?

Molly: Even cooler -- spacesuits! These technological wonders let humans survive in the cold, harsh and otherwise deadly vacuum of space.

Roslyn: Yeah, swimsuits definitely can't do that.

Molly: Of course, we humans make all kinds of special suits -- ones that let us dive deep underwater, ones that protect firefighters from flames -- even ones that can camouflage us so we blend in with nature. So Roslyn -- if you could have a special suit that could help you with some task - any task -- what would it do?

Roslyn: Possibly a bike maintenance suit?

Molly: Ooh. Tell me more.

Roslyn: It would have all the things I'd need to fix my bike if, say, my tire popped.

Molly: That would be useful.

Roslyn: Yes it would.

Molly: What color would you want it to be?