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Brains On! Podcast, Canine club: From wolves to dogs! (1)

Canine club: From wolves to dogs! (1)

Maya: You're listening to Brains On where we're serious about being curious.

Voice: Brains on is supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation.

Molly Bloom: Hey, Sanden.

Maya: Whoa, Sanden, is that mini poodle typing?

Sanden: Hey, Molly. Hey, Maya. Yeah, that's my dog Penelope. She joined some kind of social media app for dogs and she's kinda into it.

Maya: Kind of? She looks obsessed.

Molly: I've never seen a dog type that fast or at all. How did she learn that?

Sanden: Honestly, I don't know but it's a huge problem. She won't let me use the computer for anything else and the weird part is, I don't even know what she's writing. It's just bark, bark, howl, bark, woof, bark, howl.

Molly: It's some kind of phonetic dog language. I wonder what she's saying.

[music]

Penelope: Hey Dubs, I saw your page on fetch.com and I had to send you a note. It's so cool to chat with a real, live wolf. Your life must be so cool living in the woods, hunting things, being tough and wolfy. I'm a poodle, so we couldn't be more different.

Dubs: Penelope, hi. [howls] Yeah, I'm a wolf. Living in the woods is pretty cool. I can chase squirrels whenever I want.

Penelope: Wait, I love chasing squirrels too, lol.

Dubs: Really? It's like literally my favorite thing to do with my pack.

Penelope: Hold up, you have a pack? That is so weird because I also have a pack. It's my human, Sanden and some of our favorite house plants. Don't tell Sanden but sometimes I pee on the plants to mark my territory. It's so random, right?

Dubs: I do that too. Wow. We actually have a lot in common.

Penelope: For realsies? I thought it was just me and my canine family that loved a good territory mark.

Dubs: Hold up, Penelope, my family is the canine family too but with a C. Your family must be kanine with a K, right?

Penelope: No, I'm a canine with a C too. Could we-

Dubs: Be very distantly related?

Penelope: -be very distantly related?

[howl and yips]

[music]

Molly: This is Brains On from American Public Media. I'm Molly Bloom and with me today is Maya from Maine. Hi Maya.

Maya: Hi Molly.

Molly: We asked you to co-host this wolf-filled episode because you asked us a cunning canine question. What was that question that you sent to us?

Maya: The question was, "Why do we have dogs as pets but not distant relatives of dogs like wolves? ".

Molly: That is a really excellent question. I'm going to answer that in just a bit, but what made you think of this question?

Maya: I thought that wolves and dogs have very similar features.

Molly: I'm guessing you have a dog then?

Maya: Yes, I do. Her name is Luna.

Molly: What kind of dog is she?

Maya: She's a yellow lab.

Molly: Does Luna ever act like a wolf?

Maya: Other than chasing squirrels, no.

Molly: Have you ever seen a wolf in real life?

Maya: No, because if I had I probably would be running away screaming my face off.

Molly: You're a little scared of wolves?

Maya: Absolutely, yeah. (laughs)

Molly: You said you noticed that wolves and dogs have similar features. Can you talk about which features those are that you noticed?

Maya: Muzzles and I think the stature. I also thought it's almost their eyes, they seem wild and exciting, like a certain canine fire.

Molly: Nice. There are so many different kinds of dogs. What dog in your mind is the least wolf-looking?

Maya: Chihuahuas.

Molly: Which breed of dog do you think is the most wolf-like?

Maya: Huskies, definitely huskies.

Molly: Well, we are going to answer your question about wolves and dogs in just a bit but first, let's dig into this wolf business.

Collin: Hi, my name is Collin and I'm from Mount Prospect, Illinois. My question is, why do wolves howl and do canines have different vocal cords than humans?

Maya: My name is Maya and I'm Orofino, Idaho. We live in an area where there are lots of wolves. I'd like to know my wolves howl.

Molly: To help us with the answer, we got in touch with two expert wolf watchers.

Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge: Hi, I'm Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge and I'm a researcher at the University of Lincoln.

Dr Arik Kershenbaum: Hey, my name is Dr Arik Kershenbaum and I teach at the University of Cambridge. Most of the time when wolves howl, they're howling to communicate with other wolves that are far away.

[howls]

Holly: Sometimes they'll howl to say to their friends in the pack who are usually their brothers and sisters and their parents, "Hey, I'm over here. Where are you?"

Wolf 1: Howwwwww are all you tonight? I'm over heeeeeere.

Wolf 2: I'm gooooood. There's a tree over here and I'm going to peeeeee on it.

Wolf 1: Oh, coooooool.

Arik: Maybe you want to call them back so that you can go hunting. Maybe you've managed to do some hunting and you've got some food that you want to share with them.

Holly: Sometimes the pack will come together and howl and warn off other wolves in other packs that, "We're here, this is our land, stay away".

Wolf 1: Howl, keep away.

Wolf 2: Howl, we're soooo big and stroooong.

Wolf 1: And we know kung-fuuuuu.

Holly: Sometimes you get a wolf on its own that will howl to say, "Hey, I'm lonely. Is there anybody else out there who maybe might like me? ", and they'll try to find a mate for the next season by howling to other wolves in the area.

[howls]

Arik: There's another reason that wolves howl, and that's just because they like it and that's not as silly as it sounds because all animals that live in groups, monkeys and parrots and humans, all have some activity that they use to strengthen the bonds of friendship between the members of the group.

Holly: If you think about singing in a choir, I think it's like that for them.

Wolf 3: Everybody ready? On three, one, two, three.

[music]

[howls]

Holly: They just really enjoy the experience of sharing their voices with the rest of the pack and coming together as a family for a good sing-song.

Arik: For that matter, when your dog sings along to the music of your favorite TV show because he or she is sitting in a group of this family and wants to feel a part of the group.

[music]

[howls]

Wolf 3: That was great. Nice singing everyone.

Wolf 2: Really? I thought I was a little sharp.

Wolf 3: The only thing sharp about you are your razor sharp fangs, pal.

Wolf 2: You're the best pack mate.

Wolf 3: No, you're the best.

[howls]

Automated voice: Brains, brains, brains on.

[howls]

[clarinet plays]

Jade: Hi, I'm Jade. That was me playing my clarinet and my dog howling to it, bye.

Molly: Thank you for that awesome sound Jade. Now Maya, I'm sorry to say we don't have a dog here to accompany you in studio but we do have a fun little game. Get ready for some fantastic howl facts. I'm going to give you three statements and your job is to guess which one is true. Are you ready?

Maya: Yes.

Automated voice: Number one.

Molly: Howls always start in the key of C.

Automated voice: Number two.

Molly: Wolves in different parts of the world howl with different accents or-

Automated voice: Number three.

Molly: -wolves only howl when the moon is out.

Maya: I think that two is correct.

Molly: The answer is...

Holly: Like humans have accents from where they're born, wolves are the same and if you have a Californian wolf or a Canadian wolf, they'll sound different to each other when they howl.

Automated voice: Number two.

Molly: You were correct. Nice work.

Maya: Yes!

[laughter]

Molly: As far as we can tell, it's just a myth that wolves howl at the moon. They do tend to howl at night, so maybe that's where that idea comes from and sadly, wolves don't always howl in the key of C but that would make harmonizing with them so much easier. Arik Kershenbaum says, you can tell where a wolf is from by the changes in the pitch and frequency in its howl.

Arik: This is a timber wolf.

[howls]

Arik: You can hear that the pitch starts high and then it goes down and then it steps down again. This is a European wolf.

[howls]

Arik: It's very flat. It's just the same pitch all the way along. We don't really know why wolves in different places sound different. It may be because they are actually quite different so they have different genetics and they've been subject to different evolution. It could be because in different landscapes, different kinds of howls are more useful. If you live in a forest, it may be better to howl with a howl that goes up and down a lot more and if you live in the open Arctic, it might be better to howl with a howl that's a very constant pitch.

[howl]

[music]

Teacher: Hello. Welcome to Howling 101. If you plan to study wolves, you need a good howl. That way, you can call out to the animals in the wild and hopefully get a reply, which, honestly, I wish would work for people. Why won't you answer my text, Jasper? We need to practice our competitive synchronized knitting or we'll lose the big yarn tournament. (clears throat)

Where was I? Oh, yes, when wolves howl back, researchers can better track them and study them. So without further ado, we proudly present Howling 101 with Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge.

Holly: The way I got taught was if you cup your hands around your mouth, take a really deep breath, and then start low and go high. Think about how movie wolves howl and try to imitate that a little bit. Try to do it like you're singing almost. I'm a little out of practice. It's been a little while since I've done this and I won't do it full volume because my neighbors will complain. This is how I would try to do a wolf howl [howls]. I actually really like listening to them just howl. I think it's beautiful.

Teacher: Brilliant, Jasper wrote back too, "Sorry, I was at the store picking up new knitting needles. Practice tonight?" Yarn doodle! Excuse me. Now, on with the show.

[music]

Molly: So wolves and humans have very similar vocal cords so that's why we can also howl. Maya, do you want to try howling with me? I promise it won't be weird. Maybe a little weird, but it's going to be great. Are you ready?

Maya: Yeah.

Molly: Cup your hands and put them on the sides of your mouth. Then on the count of three, we're going to howl. One, two, three.

[howl]

Molly: Nice howl.

Maya: Thank you.

[laughter]

[music]

Molly: Coming up, we're going to learn more about wolf packs and dens.

Maya: And we'll get to my question about wolves and dogs, so stick around.

Molly: You know, a good leader is one that is focused on growth, has strong roots in its community and always gives plenty back.

Maya: Which is exactly what plants do.

Molly: Precisely. That's why we think a plant might make a good president. We want your slogans for these lean, green world-saving machines. Maya, can you give us an example?

Maya: Sure. I'm a plant and you can't live without me, seriously.

Molly: That was good! Very persuasive. I would vote for you.

Maya: Thank you. [laughs]

Molly: We're doing an episode all about the secret world of plants and we want your slogans for it. Record yourself giving us your best pitch for plants as president then go to brainson.org and send it our way.

Canine club: From wolves to dogs! (1) نادي الكلاب: من الذئاب إلى الكلاب! (1) Hundeclub: Vom Wolf zum Hund! (1) Canine club: From wolves to dogs! (1) Club canino: ¡De lobos a perros! (1) Club canin : Du loup au chien ! (1) Club canino: Dai lupi ai cani! (1) 犬クラブ:オオカミから犬まで! (1) 개 클럽: 늑대에서 개로! (1) Suņu klubs: No vilkiem uz suņiem! (1) Klub psów: Od wilków do psów! (1) Clube canino: de lobos a cães! (1) Кинологический клуб: От волков до собак! (1) Köpek kulübü: Kurtlardan köpeklere! (1) Кінологічний клуб: Від вовків до собак! (1) Câu lạc bộ chó: Từ sói đến chó! (1) 犬类俱乐部:从狼到狗! (1) 犬类俱乐部:从狼到狗! (1) 犬類俱樂部:從狼到狗! (1)

**Maya:** You're listening to __Brains On__ where we're serious about being curious. مايا: أنت تستمع إلى Brains On حيث نحن جادون في أن نكون فضوليين. Maya: Du hörst Brains On, wo wir es ernst meinen, neugierig zu sein. マヤ:あなたは私たちが好奇心を持っていることに真剣に取り組んでいるBrainsOnを聴いています。 Майя: Вы слушаете Brains On, где мы серьезно относимся к любопытству. Maya: Merak etme konusunda ciddi olduğumuz Brains On'u dinliyorsunuz. Майя: Ви слухаєте Brains On, де ми серйозно ставимося до допитливості. Maya: Bạn đang nghe Brains On, nơi chúng tôi thực sự tò mò. 玛雅:你在听我们认真对待好奇的大脑。

**Voice:** Brains on is supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation. الصوت: يتم دعم برنامج Brains on جزئيًا بمنحة من المؤسسة الوطنية للعلوم. Voice: Brains on wird teilweise durch ein Stipendium der National Science Foundation unterstützt. 声:ブレインズオンは、国立科学財団からの助成金によって部分的にサポートされています。 Голос: Brains on частково підтримується грантом Національного наукового фонду. 声音:Brains on 部分得到美国国家科学基金会的资助。

**Molly Bloom:** Hey, Sanden. モリーブルーム:ねえ、サンデン。 莫莉·布鲁姆:嘿,桑登。

**Maya:** Whoa, Sanden, is that mini poodle typing? مايا: واو، ساندين، هل هذا الكلب الصغير يكتب؟ Maya: Sanden, aquele mini caniche está a escrever? Майя: Ого, Санден, это маленький пудель печатает? Майя: Ого, Сендене, це що, міні-пудель друкує? Maya:哇,Sanden,那是迷你贵宾犬打字吗?

**Sanden:** Hey, Molly. Hey, Maya. 嘿,玛雅。 Yeah, that's my dog Penelope. 是的,那是我的狗佩内洛普。 She joined some kind of social media app for dogs and she's kinda into it. 她加入了某种针对狗的社交媒体应用程序,她有点喜欢它。

**Maya:** Kind of? Майя: Типа того? She looks obsessed. Sie sieht besessen aus. Она выглядит одержимой. 她看起来很着迷。

**Molly:** I've never seen a dog type that fast or at all. Molly: Ich habe noch nie einen so schnellen oder überhaupt einen Hundetyp gesehen. Molly: Hiç bu kadar hızlı ya da hiç bir köpek tipi görmemiştim. 莫莉:我从来没有见过这么快的狗类型。 How did she learn that? Bunu nasıl öğrendi? 她是怎么学的?

**Sanden:** Honestly, I don't know but it's a huge problem. Санден: Чесно кажучи, я не знаю, але це величезна проблема. She won't let me use the computer for anything else and the weird part is, I don't even know what she's writing. Sie erlaubt mir nicht, den Computer für irgendetwas anderes zu benutzen, und das Seltsame ist, ich weiß nicht einmal, was sie schreibt. Вона не дозволяє мені використовувати комп'ютер для чогось іншого, і найдивніше те, що я навіть не знаю, що вона пише. 她不让我用电脑做其他事情,奇怪的是,我什至不知道她在写什么。 It's just bark, bark, howl, bark, woof, bark, howl. 只是吠,吠,嚎,吠,汪,吠,嚎。

**Molly:** It's some kind of phonetic dog language. Моллі: Це якась фонетична собача мова. 莫莉:这是某种语音狗语言。 I wonder what she's saying. 我想知道她在说什么。

[music]

**Penelope:** Hey Dubs, I saw your page on fetch.com and I had to send you a note. 페넬로페 안녕하세요, fetch.com에서 귀하의 페이지를 보고 메모를 보내야겠다고 생각했습니다. Penelope:嘿 Dubs,我在 fetch.com 上看到了你的页面,我不得不给你发个便条。 It's so cool to chat with a real, live wolf. من الرائع جدًا الدردشة مع ذئب حي حقيقي. 실제 살아있는 늑대와 대화하는 것은 정말 멋진 경험입니다. Це так круто - поспілкуватися зі справжнім, живим вовком. 与真正的活狼聊天真是太酷了。 Your life must be so cool living in the woods, hunting things, being tough and wolfy. يجب أن تكون حياتك رائعة جدًا عندما تعيش في الغابة، وتصطاد الأشياء، وتكون قاسيًا وذئبيًا. Твоє життя, мабуть, таке класне - жити в лісі, полювати на тварин, бути жорстким і вовчим. 你的生活一定很酷,住在树林里,打猎,坚强而狼性。 I'm a poodle, so we couldn't be more different. أنا كلب بودل، لذلك لا يمكننا أن نكون مختلفين أكثر. Я - пудель, тож ми не можемо бути більш різними. 我是贵宾犬,所以我们完全不同。

**Dubs:** Penelope, hi. [howls] Yeah, I'm a wolf. [嚎叫] 是的,我是狼。 Living in the woods is pretty cool. 住在树林里是很酷的。 I can chase squirrels whenever I want. يمكنني مطاردة السناجب وقتما أريد. 我可以随时追逐松鼠。

**Penelope:** Wait, I love chasing squirrels too, lol. 佩内洛普:等等,我也喜欢追松鼠,哈哈。

**Dubs:** Really? 配音:真的吗? It's like literally my favorite thing to do with my pack. إنه مثل الشيء المفضل لدي الذي أفعله مع حقيبتي. 말 그대로 제가 가장 좋아하는 일입니다. Это буквально мое любимое занятие с рюкзаком. Це буквально моя улюблена річ, яку я роблю зі своїм рюкзаком. 这就像字面上我最喜欢用我的包做的事情。

**Penelope:** Hold up, you have a pack? 佩内洛普:等一下,你有包吗? That is so weird because I also have a pack. 这太奇怪了,因为我也有一个包。 It's my human, Sanden and some of our favorite house plants. إنه إنساني وساندن وبعض النباتات المنزلية المفضلة لدينا. Це моя людина, Санден і кілька наших улюблених кімнатних рослин. 这是我的人类,三电和一些我们最喜欢的室内植物。 Don't tell Sanden but sometimes I pee on the plants to mark my territory. لا تخبر ساندن ولكن في بعض الأحيان أتبول على النباتات لتحديد منطقتي. 不要告诉桑登,但有时我会在植物上撒尿以标记我的领地。 It's so random, right? 太随意了吧?

**Dubs:** I do that too. Wow. We actually have a lot in common.

**Penelope:** For realsies? بينيلوب: للواقع؟ Пенелопа: Для реалий? 佩内洛普:实事求是? I thought it was just me and my canine family that loved a good territory mark. اعتقدت أنني وعائلتي من الكلاب فقط هم من أحبوا علامة المنطقة الجيدة. Я думал, что только я и моя собачья семья любили хорошую метку территории. Я думав, що тільки я і моя собача сім'я любимо мітити територію. 我以为只有我和我的犬类喜欢一个好的领地标记。

**Dubs:** Hold up, Penelope, my family is the canine family too but with a C. Your family must be kanine with a K, right? Дабс: Зачекай, Пенелопо, моя родина теж собача, але через "к". Твоя родина, мабуть, собача через "к", так? 配音:等一下,佩内洛普,我的家人也是犬科,但有一个 C。你的家庭必须是带 K 的犬科,对吗?

**Penelope:** No, I'm a canine with a C too. 佩内洛普:不,我也是一个 C 的犬科动物。 Could we- 我们能-

**Dubs:** Be very distantly related? Dubs: أن تكون على صلة قرابة بعيدة جدًا؟ 配音:关系很远?

**Penelope:** -be very distantly related?

[howl and yips]

[music]

**Molly:** This is __Brains On__ from American Public Media. 莫莉:这是来自美国公共媒体的头脑。 I'm Molly Bloom and with me today is Maya from Maine. 我是 Molly Bloom,今天和我在一起的是来自缅因州的 Maya。 Hi Maya.

**Maya:** Hi Molly.

**Molly:** We asked you to co-host this wolf-filled episode because you asked us a cunning canine question. Molly: We asked you to co-host this wolf-filled episode because you asked us a cunning canine question. 莫莉:我们邀请你共同主持这个充满狼的情节,因为你问了我们一个狡猾的犬问题。 What was that question that you sent to us? Що це було за питання, яке ви нам надіслали? 你发给我们的那个问题是什么?

**Maya:** The question was, "Why do we have dogs as pets but not distant relatives of dogs like wolves? مايا: كان السؤال هو: "لماذا لدينا كلاب كحيوانات أليفة ولكن ليس لدينا أقارب بعيدين للكلاب مثل الذئاب؟ Майя: Вопрос был таков: «Почему у нас в качестве домашних животных собаки, а не дальние родственники собак, такие как волки? Майя: Питання було таке: "Чому у нас є собаки як домашні тварини, але немає далеких родичів собак, таких як вовки? 玛雅:问题是,“为什么我们有狗作为宠物,但没有像狼这样的狗的远亲? ".

**Molly:** That is a really excellent question. 莫莉:这是一个非常好的问题。 I'm going to answer that in just a bit, but what made you think of this question? 我稍后会回答这个问题,但是是什么让你想到了这个问题?

**Maya:** I thought that wolves and dogs have very similar features. Майя: Я думала, что волки и собаки имеют очень похожие черты. Maya:我认为狼和狗的特征非常相似。

**Molly:** I'm guessing you have a dog then? Молли: Я полагаю, у тебя есть собака? Моллі: Гадаю, у вас є собака? 莫莉:那我猜你养了条狗?

**Maya:** Yes, I do. Her name is Luna.

**Molly:** What kind of dog is she?

**Maya:** She's a yellow lab. 玛雅:她是一个黄色实验室。

**Molly:** Does Luna ever act like a wolf? Молли: Луна когда-нибудь ведет себя как волк? 莫莉:卢娜有没有表现得像只狼?

**Maya:** Other than chasing squirrels, no. مايا: بخلاف مطاردة السناجب، لا. Майя: Кроме погони за белками, нет. 玛雅:除了追松鼠,没有。

**Molly:** Have you ever seen a wolf in real life? 莫莉:你在现实生活中见过狼吗?

**Maya:** No, because if I had I probably would be running away screaming my face off. مايا: لا، لأنني لو فعلت ذلك لكنت على الأرجح سأهرب وأصرخ على وجهي. Майя: Нет, потому что, если бы я это сделала, я бы, наверное, убежала, крича во все горло. 玛雅:不,因为如果我有,我可能会尖叫着逃跑。

**Molly:** You're a little scared of wolves? 莫莉:你有点害怕狼?

**Maya:** Absolutely, yeah. (laughs)

**Molly:** You said you noticed that wolves and dogs have similar features. 莫莉:你说你注意到狼和狗有相似的特征。 Can you talk about which features those are that you noticed? 您能谈谈您注意到哪些功能吗?

**Maya:** Muzzles and I think the stature. مايا: كمامات وأظن القامة. Maya: Muilkorven en ik denk het postuur. Майя: Морды и, кажется, рост. 玛雅:枪口和我认为的身材。 I also thought it's almost their eyes, they seem wild and exciting, like a certain canine fire. اعتقدت أيضًا أنها عيونهم تقريبًا، فهي تبدو جامحة ومثيرة، مثل نار الكلاب. Я тоже подумал, что это почти их глаза, они кажутся дикими и волнующими, как некий собачий огонь. 我还认为这几乎是他们的眼睛,他们看起来狂野而令人兴奋,就像某种犬火一样。

**Molly:** Nice. Molly: Nice. There are so many different kinds of dogs. 有很多不同种类的狗。 What dog in your mind is the least wolf-looking? أي كلب في رأيك هو الأقل مظهرًا للذئب؟ 你心目中的哪只狗最不像狼?

**Maya:** Chihuahuas. 玛雅人:吉娃娃。

**Molly:** Which breed of dog do you think is the most wolf-like? Molly: Какая порода собак, по Вашему мнению, больше всего похожа на волка? Моллі: Яка порода собак, на вашу думку, найбільш схожа на вовка? 莫莉:你觉得哪种狗最像狼?

**Maya:** Huskies, definitely huskies. 玛雅:哈士奇,绝对是哈士奇。

**Molly:** Well, we are going to answer your question about wolves and dogs in just a bit but first, let's dig into this wolf business. مولي: حسنًا، سنجيب على سؤالك حول الذئاب والكلاب بعد قليل، ولكن أولاً، دعنا نتعمق في موضوع الذئاب هذا. Молли: Ну, мы собираемся ответить на твой вопрос о волках и собаках чуть позже, но сначала давайте углубимся в это дело с волками. Моллі: Що ж, ми відповімо на ваше запитання про вовків і собак трохи згодом, але спершу давайте заглибимося в цю справу з вовками. 莫莉:嗯,我们稍后会回答你关于狼和狗的问题,但首先,让我们深入研究一下狼的业务。

**Collin:** Hi, my name is Collin and I'm from Mount Prospect, Illinois. Collin:嗨,我叫 Collin,来自伊利诺伊州的 Mount Prospect。 My question is, why do wolves howl and do canines have different vocal cords than humans? سؤالي هو: لماذا تعوي الذئاب وهل تمتلك الأنياب أحبالًا صوتية مختلفة عن تلك الموجودة لدى البشر؟ Мой вопрос: почему волки воют, а голосовые связки у собак отличаются от человеческих? Моє питання: чому вовки виють і чи відрізняються голосові зв'язки у собак від людських? 我的问题是,为什么狼会嚎叫,而犬类的声带与人类不同?

**Maya:** My name is Maya and I'm Orofino, Idaho. 玛雅:我的名字是玛雅,我是爱达荷州的奥罗菲诺。 We live in an area where there are lots of wolves. 我们住在一个有很多狼的地区。 I'd like to know my wolves howl. أود أن أعرف عواء ذئابي. 我想知道我的狼嚎。

**Molly:** To help us with the answer, we got in touch with two expert wolf watchers. 莫莉:为了帮助我们找到答案,我们联系了两位专业的狼观察者。

**Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge:** Hi, I'm Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge and I'm a researcher at the University of Lincoln. Holly Root-Gutteridge 博士:大家好,我是 Holly Root-Gutteridge 博士,是林肯大学的研究员。

**Dr Arik Kershenbaum:** Hey, my name is Dr Arik Kershenbaum and I teach at the University of Cambridge. Arik Kershenbaum 博士:嘿,我叫 Arik Kershenbaum 博士,在剑桥大学任教。 Most of the time when wolves howl, they're howling to communicate with other wolves that are far away. 大多数时候,狼嚎叫时,它们是在嚎叫与远处的其他狼交流。

[howls]

**Holly:** Sometimes they'll howl to say to their friends in the pack who are usually their brothers and sisters and their parents, "Hey, I'm over here. هولي: في بعض الأحيان يعويون ليقولوا لأصدقائهم في المجموعة الذين عادة ما يكونون إخوتهم وأخواتهم ووالديهم، "مرحبًا، أنا هنا. Холлі: Іноді вони виють, щоб сказати своїм друзям у зграї, які зазвичай є їхніми братами, сестрами та батьками: "Гей, я тут. 霍莉:有时他们会嚎啕大哭,对通常是他们的兄弟姐妹和父母的朋友说:“嘿,我在这里。 Where are you?"

**Wolf 1:** Howwwwww are all you tonight? Вовк 1: Як ви сьогодні? Wolf 1: 今晚你们都是你吗? I'm over heeeeeere. Я вже тут.

**Wolf 2:** I'm gooooood. There's a tree over here and I'm going to peeeeee on it. Он там стоїть дерево, і я збираюся попісяти на нього. 这里有一棵树,我要在上面撒尿。

**Wolf 1:** Oh, coooooool.

**Arik:** Maybe you want to call them back so that you can go hunting. Арік: Може, ти хочеш передзвонити їм, щоб поїхати на полювання? Arik:也许你想把他们叫回来,这样你就可以去打猎了。 Maybe you've managed to do some hunting and you've got some food that you want to share with them. Можливо, вам вдалося пополювати, і у вас є їжа, якою ви хочете поділитися з ними. 也许您已经设法进行了一些狩猎,并且您有一些想要与他们分享的食物。

**Holly:** Sometimes the pack will come together and howl and warn off other wolves in other packs that, "We're here, this is our land, stay away". Холлі: Іноді зграя збирається разом і виє, попереджаючи інших вовків з інших зграй: "Ми тут, це наша земля, тримайтеся подалі". 霍莉:有时狼群会聚集在一起,嚎叫并警告其他狼群中的其他狼,“我们在这里,这是我们的土地,远离”。

**Wolf 1:** Howl, keep away. Вовк 1: Вийте, не підходьте.

**Wolf 2:** Howl, we're soooo big and stroooong. Вовк 2: Вийте, ми такі великі і довжелезні. 狼 2:嚎叫,我们又大又壮。

**Wolf 1:** And we know kung-fuuuuu. А ми знаємо кунг-фу. Wolf 1:我们知道功夫。

**Holly:** Sometimes you get a wolf on its own that will howl to say, "Hey, I'm lonely. Холлі: Іноді вовк сам по собі виє, щоб сказати: "Гей, я самотній. 霍莉:有时你会遇到一只狼,它会嚎叫说:“嘿,我很孤独。 Is there anybody else out there who maybe might like me? هل هناك أي شخص آخر قد يحبني؟ Чи є ще хтось, кому я можу сподобатися? 还有其他人可能会喜欢我吗? ", and they'll try to find a mate for the next season by howling to other wolves in the area. ", и они будут пытаться найти себе пару на следующий сезон, подвывая другим волкам в округе. ", і вони намагатимуться знайти собі пару на наступний сезон, виючи до інших вовків у цьому районі. ”,他们会通过向该地区的其他狼嚎叫来尝试寻找下赛季的伴侣。

[howls]

**Arik:** There's another reason that wolves howl, and that's just because they like it and that's not as silly as it sounds because all animals that live in groups, monkeys and parrots and humans, all have some activity that they use to strengthen the bonds of friendship between the members of the group. أريك: هناك سبب آخر وراء عواء الذئاب، وذلك فقط لأنها تحب ذلك وهذا ليس سخيفًا كما يبدو لأن جميع الحيوانات التي تعيش في مجموعات، القرود والببغاوات والبشر، جميعها لديها بعض الأنشطة التي تستخدمها لتقوية روابط الحيوانات. الصداقة بين أعضاء المجموعة. Арік: Є ще одна причина, чому вовки виють, і це просто тому, що їм це подобається, і це не так безглуздо, як звучить, тому що всі тварини, які живуть у групах, мавпи, папуги і люди, всі мають певну активність, яку вони використовують для зміцнення дружніх зв'язків між членами групи. Arik:狼嚎叫还有另一个原因,那只是因为它们喜欢它,这并不像听起来那么愚蠢,因为所有群居的动物,猴子、鹦鹉和人类,都有一些活动来加强它们之间的联系。小组成员之间的友谊。

**Holly:** If you think about singing in a choir, I think it's like that for them. هولي: إذا فكرت في الغناء في جوقة، فأعتقد أن الأمر كذلك بالنسبة لهم. 霍莉:如果你考虑在合唱团唱歌,我想他们就是这样。

**Wolf 3:** Everybody ready? Вовк 3: Всі готові? On three, one, two, three. На рахунок три, один, два, три. 三、一、二、三。

[music]

[howls]

**Holly:** They just really enjoy the experience of sharing their voices with the rest of the pack and coming together as a family for a good sing-song. Холлі: Їм просто дуже подобається ділитися своїми голосами з рештою зграї і збиратися разом, як сім'я, щоб гарно поспівати. 霍莉:他们真的很享受与其他人分享他们的声音并作为一家人聚在一起唱一首好歌的经历。

**Arik:** For that matter, when your dog sings along to the music of your favorite TV show because he or she is sitting in a group of this family and wants to feel a part of the group. Arik:就此而言,当你的狗跟着你最喜欢的电视节目的音乐唱歌时,因为他或她坐在这个家庭的一个小组中,并且想要感受这个小组的一部分。

[music]

[howls]

**Wolf 3:** That was great. Nice singing everyone. 大家唱歌好听。

**Wolf 2:** Really? I thought I was a little sharp. اعتقدت أنني كنت حادة بعض الشيء. 我以为我有点敏锐。

**Wolf 3:** The only thing sharp about you are your razor sharp fangs, pal. الذئب 3: الشيء الوحيد الحاد فيك هو أنيابك الحادة يا صديقي. Wolf 3:你唯一锋利的就是你那锋利的尖牙,伙计。

**Wolf 2:** You're the best pack mate. الذئب 2: أنت أفضل رفيق في القطيع. 狼 2:你是最好的伙伴。

**Wolf 3:** No, you're the best. 狼 3:不,你是最棒的。

[howls]

**Automated voice:** Brains, brains, brains on.

[howls]

[clarinet plays]

**Jade:** Hi, I'm Jade. That was me playing my clarinet and my dog howling to it, bye. لقد كنت أعزف على الكلارينيت وكلبي يعوي عليه، وداعًا. 那是我在吹单簧管,我的狗对着它嚎叫,再见。

**Molly:** Thank you for that awesome sound Jade. 莫莉:谢谢你的美妙声音 Jade。 Now Maya, I'm sorry to say we don't have a dog here to accompany you in studio but we do have a fun little game. 现在 Maya,很遗憾地说我们这里没有一只狗陪你在工作室,但我们确实有一个有趣的小游戏。 Get ready for some fantastic howl facts. 准备好一些奇妙的嚎叫事实。 I'm going to give you three statements and your job is to guess which one is true. 我将给你三个陈述,你的工作是猜测哪一个是正确的。 Are you ready?

**Maya:** Yes.

**Automated voice:** Number one.

**Molly:** Howls always start in the key of C. 莫莉:嚎叫总是从 C 调开始。

**Automated voice:** Number two.

**Molly:** Wolves in different parts of the world howl with different accents or- 莫莉:世界不同地方的狼用不同的口音嚎叫或者——

**Automated voice:** Number three.

**Molly:** -wolves only howl when the moon is out. 莫莉:-只有月亮出来时狼才会嚎叫。

**Maya:** I think that two is correct. Maya:我认为这两个是正确的。

**Molly:** The answer is...

**Holly:** Like humans have accents from where they're born, wolves are the same and if you have a Californian wolf or a Canadian wolf, they'll sound different to each other when they howl. 霍莉:就像人类有出生地的口音一样,狼也是一样的,如果你有一只加利福尼亚狼或加拿大狼,它们在嚎叫时会发出不同的声音。

**Automated voice:** Number two.

**Molly:** You were correct. 莫莉:你是对的。 Nice work. 不错的作品。

**Maya:** Yes!

[laughter]

**Molly:** As far as we can tell, it's just a myth that wolves howl at the moon. 莫莉:据我们所知,狼对着月亮嚎叫只是一个神话。 They do tend to howl at night, so maybe that's where that idea comes from and sadly, wolves don't always howl in the key of C but that would make harmonizing with them so much easier. إنهم يميلون إلى العواء في الليل، لذلك ربما هذا هو مصدر هذه الفكرة وللأسف، لا تعوي الذئاب دائمًا في مفتاح C ولكن هذا من شأنه أن يجعل التنسيق معهم أسهل بكثير. 他们确实倾向于在晚上嚎叫,所以也许这就是这个想法的来源,可悲的是,狼并不总是在 C 调上嚎叫,但这会让与他们和谐相处变得容易得多。 Arik Kershenbaum says, you can tell where a wolf is from by the changes in the pitch and frequency in its howl. يقول أريك كيرشنباوم، يمكنك معرفة مصدر الذئب من خلال التغيرات في طبقة الصوت وتكرار عواءه. Арик Кершенбаум говорит, что определить, откуда родом волк, можно по изменению высоты тона и частоте его воя. Arik Kershenbaum 说,你可以通过嚎叫的音调和频率的变化来判断狼来自哪里。

**Arik:** This is a timber wolf. أريك: هذا ذئب خشبي. Arik:这是一只木狼。

[howls]

**Arik:** You can hear that the pitch starts high and then it goes down and then it steps down again. Arik:你可以听到音调开始很高,然后下降,然后又下降。 This is a European wolf. 这是一只欧洲狼。

[howls]

**Arik:** It's very flat. أريك: إنها مسطحة جدًا. Arik:非常平坦。 It's just the same pitch all the way along. إنها مجرد نفس الملعب على طول الطريق. 一直都是同一个音高。 We don't really know why wolves in different places sound different. 我们真的不知道为什么不同地方的狼听起来不同。 It may be because they are actually quite different so they have different genetics and they've been subject to different evolution. قد يكون السبب في ذلك أنهم في الواقع مختلفون تمامًا، لذا لديهم جينات مختلفة وخضعوا لتطور مختلف. 这可能是因为它们实际上完全不同,因此它们具有不同的基因,并且它们经历了不同的进化。 It could be because in different landscapes, different kinds of howls are more useful. قد يكون السبب في ذلك هو أنه في المناظر الطبيعية المختلفة، تكون الأنواع المختلفة من العواء أكثر فائدة. 这可能是因为在不同的景观中,不同种类的嚎叫更有用。 If you live in a forest, it may be better to howl with a howl that goes up and down a lot more and if you live in the open Arctic, it might be better to howl with a howl that's a very constant pitch. 如果你住在森林里,最好用一个上下起伏的嚎叫来嚎叫,如果你住在开阔的北极,用一个非常恒定的音调嚎叫可能会更好。

[howl]

[music]

**Teacher:** Hello. Welcome to __Howling 101__. If you plan to study wolves, you need a good howl. 如果你打算研究狼,你需要一个好的嚎叫。 That way, you can call out to the animals in the wild and hopefully get a reply, which, honestly, I wish would work for people. بهذه الطريقة، يمكنك مناداة الحيوانات في البرية وتأمل الحصول على رد، والذي، بصراحة، أتمنى أن يكون مفيدًا للناس. Таким образом, вы можете обратиться к животным в дикой природе и, надеюсь, получить ответ, который, честно говоря, я бы хотел, чтобы сработали для людей. 这样,你可以在野外呼唤动物,并希望得到回复,老实说,我希望这对人们有用。 Why won't you answer my text, Jasper? Почему ты не отвечаешь на мое сообщение, Джаспер? 贾斯珀,你为什么不回我的短信? We need to practice our competitive synchronized knitting or we'll lose the big yarn tournament. نحن بحاجة إلى التدرب على الحياكة المتزامنة التنافسية وإلا سنخسر بطولة الغزل الكبيرة. Нам нужно попрактиковаться в нашем соревновательном синхронном вязании, иначе мы проиграем большой турнир по пряже. 我们需要练习我们有竞争力的花样编织,否则我们会输掉大纱线锦标赛。 (clears throat) (прочищает горло)

Where was I? 我在哪里? Oh, yes, when wolves howl back, researchers can better track them and study them. أوه، نعم، عندما تعوي الذئاب، يمكن للباحثين تتبعها ودراستها بشكل أفضل. О да, когда волки воют в ответ, исследователи могут лучше отслеживать и изучать их. 哦,是的,当狼嚎叫时,研究人员可以更好地追踪和研究它们。 So without further ado, we proudly present __Howling 101__ with Dr Holly Root-Gutteridge. لذلك دون مزيد من اللغط، نقدم بكل فخر Howling 101 مع الدكتورة Holly Root-Gutteridge. 因此,事不宜迟,我们自豪地向 Holly Root-Gutteridge 博士介绍 Howling 101。

**Holly:** The way I got taught was if you cup your hands around your mouth, take a really deep breath, and then start low and go high. هولي: الطريقة التي تعلمتها هي أن تضع يديك حول فمك، وتأخذ نفسًا عميقًا، ثم تبدأ من الأسفل ثم ترتفع. 霍莉:我被教导的方式是,如果你把手放在嘴边,深吸一口气,然后从低处开始,然后往高处走。 Think about how movie wolves howl and try to imitate that a little bit. فكر في كيفية عواء ذئاب الفيلم وحاول تقليد ذلك قليلاً. Подумайте о том, как воют волки в кино, и попытайтесь немного сымитировать это. 想想电影中的狼如何嚎叫并尝试模仿一下。 Try to do it like you're singing almost. 试着像你在唱歌一样做。 I'm a little out of practice. أنا قليلا من الممارسة. 我有点不习惯。 It's been a little while since I've done this and I won't do it full volume because my neighbors will complain. 自从我这样做以来已经有一段时间了,我不会全力以赴,因为我的邻居会抱怨。 This is how I would try to do a wolf howl [howls]. 这就是我尝试发出狼嚎[嚎叫]的方式。 I actually really like listening to them just howl. 我真的很喜欢听他们嚎叫。 I think it's beautiful.

**Teacher:** Brilliant, Jasper wrote back too, "Sorry, I was at the store picking up new knitting needles. المعلم: رائع، جاسبر رد أيضًا، "آسف، كنت في المتجر لأشتري إبر حياكة جديدة. 老师:太棒了,Jasper 也回信说:“对不起,我在商店买新的织针。 Practice tonight?" 今晚练吗?” Yarn doodle! خربش الغزل! Каракули из пряжи! 毛线涂鸦! Excuse me. Now, on with the show. 现在,继续表演。

[music]

**Molly:** So wolves and humans have very similar vocal cords so that's why we can also howl. Maya, do you want to try howling with me? I promise it won't be weird. Maybe a little weird, but it's going to be great. Are you ready?

**Maya:** Yeah.

**Molly:** Cup your hands and put them on the sides of your mouth. Then on the count of three, we're going to howl. One, two, three.

[howl]

**Molly:** Nice howl.

**Maya:** Thank you.

[laughter]

[music]

**Molly:** Coming up, we're going to learn more about wolf packs and dens. مولي: قريبًا، سنتعلم المزيد عن قطعان الذئاب وأوكارها. 莫莉:接下来,我们将更多地了解狼群和窝点。

**Maya:** And we'll get to my question about wolves and dogs, so stick around. مايا: وسنصل إلى سؤالي حول الذئاب والكلاب، لذا ابقوا هنا. Майя: И мы перейдем к моему вопросу о волках и собаках, так что оставайтесь здесь. 玛雅:我们会谈到我关于狼和狗的问题,所以坚持下去。

**Molly:** You know, a good leader is one that is focused on growth, has strong roots in its community and always gives plenty back. مولي: كما تعلم، القائد الجيد هو الذي يركز على النمو، وله جذور قوية في مجتمعه ويقدم الكثير في المقابل دائمًا. Молли: Знаешь, хороший лидер — это тот, кто ориентирован на рост, имеет прочные корни в своем сообществе и всегда дает много взамен. 莫莉:你知道,一个好的领导者是一个专注于成长、在社区中扎根并总是回馈很多的人。

**Maya:** Which is exactly what plants do. مايا: وهذا بالضبط ما تفعله النباتات. 玛雅:这正是植物所做的。

**Molly:** Precisely. 莫莉:没错。 That's why we think a plant might make a good president. Вот почему мы думаем, что растение могло бы стать хорошим президентом. 这就是为什么我们认为植物可能会成为一个好总统。 We want your slogans for these lean, green world-saving machines. نريد شعاراتك لهذه الآلات الخضراء الهزيلة التي تنقذ العالم. Нам нужны ваши лозунги для этих экономичных, экологически чистых машин, спасающих мир. 我们希望您为这些精益、绿色、拯救世界的机器提供口号。 Maya, can you give us an example?

**Maya:** Sure. I'm a plant and you can't live without me, seriously. Я растение, и ты не можешь жить без меня, серьезно.

**Molly:** That was good! Very persuasive. مقنعة جدا. I would vote for you.

**Maya:** Thank you. [laughs]

**Molly:** We're doing an episode all about the secret world of plants and we want your slogans for it. مولي: نحن نقوم بعمل حلقة عن عالم النباتات السري ونريد شعاراتكم لها. Моллі: Ми робимо серію про таємний світ рослин і нам потрібні ваші слогани для неї. 莫莉:我们正在制作一集关于植物的秘密世界,我们想要你的口号。 Record yourself giving us your best pitch for plants as president then go to brainson.org and send it our way. سجل نفسك وأنت تقدم لنا أفضل عرض تقديمي عن النباتات كرئيس، ثم انتقل إلى موقع Brainson.org وأرسله إلينا. 记录你自己作为总统给我们你最好的植物宣传然后去 Brainson.org 并发送给我们。