Virker FN's sanktioner mod Nordkorea? Wirken die UN-Sanktionen gegen Nordkorea? Are UN sanctions against North Korea working?

Verdens mest lukkede land. Nordkorea.

Et regime, der holder befolkningen i et jerngreb - A regime that keeps the population in an iron grip

- bryder menneskerettigheder og udvikler atomvåben. - violates human rights and develops nuclear weapons.

Regimet er udskældt. The regime is reviled.

Straffen fra omverdenen er sanktioner. The punishment from the outside world is sanctions.

Sanktioner, der burde have omfattende konsekvenser. Sanctions that should have far-reaching consequences.

Men regimet ser ud til at klare sig. But the regime seems to be coping.

Så er FN's sanktioner bare løst krudt? So are UN sanctions just loose change?

FN har indført mange sanktioner, som skal ramme Nordkorea økonomisk. The UN has imposed many sanctions to hit North Korea economically.

Der er forbud mod handel med tekstiler, fisk - There is a ban on the trade of textiles, fish

- landbrugsmaskiner, elektrisk udstyr og råolie - - agricultural machinery, electrical equipment and crude oil

- begrænsninger på at bruge nordkoreansk arbejdskraft - - restrictions on using North Korean labor

- og forbud mod at overføre penge til og fra Nordkorea. - and a ban on transferring money to and from North Korea.

Sanktionerne er dels pålagt som straf for brud på menneskerettighederne. The sanctions are partly imposed as punishment for human rights violations.

Forbrydelserne indbefatter ifølge FN: According to the UN, the crimes include:

Sanktionerne skal også få Nordkorea til at stoppe deres våbenprogram. The sanctions are also meant to make North Korea stop their weapons program.

Liselotte Odgaard er ekspert i asiatisk sikkerhedspolitik. Liselotte Odgaard is an expert in Asian security policy.

Nordkorea udvikler atomvåben og missiler - North Korea is developing nuclear weapons and missiles

- fordi de mener, at regimets overlevelse er truet. - because they believe the survival of the regime is threatened.

Derfor har de det, man kalder et interkontinentalt ballistisk missil. That's why they have what's called an intercontinental ballistic missile.

Det kan bære atomsprænghoveder, og det kan nå USA. It can carry nuclear warheads and it can reach the US.

- som vi er udsat for. - to which we are exposed.

Sanktionerne rammer en stor del af befolkningen, som lever i fattigdom. The sanctions affect a large part of the population living in poverty.

For styret og højtrangerede borgere i hovedstaden er det anderledes. For the ruled and high-ranking citizens of the capital, it is different.

Hvis man forventer, at sanktioner kan få et lands regime i knæ - If you expect sanctions to bring a country's regime to its knees

- så er det meget urealistiske forventninger. - those are very unrealistic expectations.

FN har ikke mandat til at håndhæve sanktionerne i de enkelte lande. The UN does not have a mandate to enforce sanctions in individual countries.

Det skal landene selv. It is up to the countries themselves.

Men ikke alle lande er enige om - But not all countries agree that

- at der bør være så hårde sanktioner mod Nordkorea. - that there should be such tough sanctions against North Korea.

Kina og Rusland har sagt, at sanktionerne skal ophæves - China and Russia have said that sanctions should be lifted

- og de overtræder dem. - and they violate them.

Vi ved, at de forsyner Nordkorea med brændstof. We know that they supply North Korea with fuel.

Det er dem, der gør, at Nordkorea overlever. They are the reason North Korea survives.

Her er et nordkoreansk skib, ladet med kul nær en kinesisk havneby. Here is a North Korean ship loaded with coal near a Chinese port city.

Nordkorea har if. FN forsøgt at sælge våben til Yemen, Libyen og Sudan. North Korea has attempted to sell weapons to Yemen, Libya and Sudan, according to the UN.

At Nordkorea vil handle med våben, blev bekræftet i en dokumentar - That North Korea wants to trade weapons was confirmed in a documentary

- hvor en muldvarp deltager i forhandlinger om køb af våben - - where a mole participates in negotiations for the purchase of weapons -

- med folk, der siger, at de repræsenterer regimet. - with people who say they represent the regime.

Nordkoreanere forsøger at skaffe penge og olie til regimet - North Koreans are trying to raise money and oil for the regime

- gennem brud på sanktionerne. - through breaches of sanctions.

Udover FN har EU, USA, Sydkorea, Japan - In addition to the UN, the EU, USA, South Korea, Japan

- og Australien indført sanktioner mod Nordkorea. - and Australia imposed sanctions against North Korea.

USA har indført flest sanktioner. The US has imposed the most sanctions.

Det gjorde de og Sydkorea for at få Kim Jong-un til forhandlingsbordet - They and South Korea did this to get Kim Jong-un to the negotiating table.

- efter Nordkoreas atomprøvesprængninger og missiltest. - following North Korea's nuclear and missile tests.

Det er lykkedes USA at få Nordkorea til at stoppe deres test. The US has succeeded in getting North Korea to stop their tests.

Men Nordkorea stopper ikke udviklingen af deres våben. But North Korea is not stopping the development of their weapons.

Så længe Rusland og Kina har Nordkoreas ryg - As long as Russia and China have North Korea's back

- er der ikke nogen muligheder for, at sanktionerne er effektive.

Dem, Vesten ser som fjender, der undergraver verdensordenen - Those the West sees as enemies undermining the world order

- dem ser Rusland og Kina som venner. - They see Russia and China as friends.

Det er derfor, sanktioner stort set aldrig har nogen reel effekt. That's why sanctions hardly ever have any real effect.