Du er i et ekkokammer: Sådan kommer du ud You're in an echo chamber: How to get out

Filterboblen, informationsfilteret eller ekkokammeret. The filter bubble, information filter or echo chamber.

De mange navne beskriver det samme. The many names describe the same thing.

En online filterboble gør, at du på internettet præsenteres for indhold - An online filter bubble presents you with content on the internet

- som du er enig i i forvejen. - that you already agree with.

Boblens ydre mure gør, at du sjældent ser, hvad dem, du er uenige med, mener. The outer walls of the bubble mean you rarely see what those you disagree with think.

Derfor forstærkes du i, at dine holdninger er de rigtige. Therefore, you are reinforced that your opinions are the right ones.

Du forstærkes i, at modparten tager fejl. You are reinforced that the other party is wrong.

Problemet er, at de oplever det samme. Bare modsat. The problem is, they're experiencing the same thing. Just the opposite.

- Du skal have mere forståelse. - Han skal holde kæft. - You need more understanding. - He needs to shut up.

Vi skal se på, hvor du møder ekkokamre eller kan sprænge din filterboble. We'll look at where you encounter echo chambers or can burst your filter bubble.

Det hele starter med Immanuel Kant. It all starts with Immanuel Kant.

Han var en filosof, hvis tre bøger havde stor indflydelse på moderne filosofi. He was a philosopher whose three books had a major influence on modern philosophy.

"Kritik af den rene fornuft", "Kritik af den praktiske fornuft" - "Critique of Pure Reason", "Critique of Practical Reason"

- og "Kritik af dømmekraften". - and "Critique of Judgment".

I "Kritik af den rene fornuft" kommer han en tanke, der er vigtig her: In "Critique of Pure Reason", he makes an idea that is important here:

En hammer kan kun se søm. A hammer can only see nails.

Kant mente, at når mennesket interagerer med verden - Kant believed that when humans interact with the world

- ser vi ikke verden, som den er, men som vi tror, den er. - we don't see the world as it is, but as we think it is.

Vi kan ikke forstå noget, vi ikke kender i forvejen. We can't understand something we don't already know.

Det her ser du nok som en trekant, men hvad ville du se - You might see this as a triangle, but what would you see

- hvis du ikke vidste, hvad en trekant var, og aldrig havde set en før? - if you didn't know what a triangle was and had never seen one before?

Så ville figuren være tre streger. Then the figure would be three lines.

Kant sagde, at hvis du ikke kunne se trekanten, eksisterede den ikke for dig - Kant said that if you couldn't see the triangle, it didn't exist for you

- måske for andre, men for dit perspektiv eksisterer den ikke.

Ser du kun ting fra dit eget perspektiv, befinder du dig nok i en boble. If you only see things from your own perspective, you're probably in a bubble.

Det kan være problematisk og i værste fald farligt. This can be problematic and, at worst, dangerous.

Vi lever digitalt. Algoritmer præsenterer dig for indhold, du er interesseret i. We live digitally. Algorithms present you with content you're interested in.

Facebook, Instagram, TikTok og YouTube er med til at skabe din boble. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube help create your bubble.

Det er kompliceret at forske i ekkokamre - Researching echo chambers is complicated

- og det diskuteres om sociale medier gør det værre eller bedre. - and it's debated whether social media makes it worse or better.

Det tyder på, at apps som Tinder hjælper med at bryde boblen. This suggests that apps like Tinder are helping to break the bubble.

Der matcher man ikke kun på baggrund af interesser, men også på udseende. There, you don't just match based on interests, but also on looks.

Du har større sandsynlighed for at møde andre end via et debatforum. You're more likely to meet others than through a discussion forum.

Ekkokamre er ikke nye. Vi har altid valgt det interessante til - Echo chambers are not new. We've always gone for the interesting.

- og læst de bøger og aviser, som passer til det, vi synes - - and read the books and newspapers that fit what we think

- og hørt radio og set tv, der passer til vores verdensbillede. - and listened to radio and watched TV that fits our worldview.

Vi omgiver os med mennesker, der synes det samme som os. We surround ourselves with people who think the same as us.

Vores naboer er ofte enige og ellers tosser. Our neighbors often agree and are otherwise crazy.

Den digitale verden er lidt anderledes. Det aktive valg er taget fra os. The digital world is a little different. The active choice is taken away from us.

Vi ved ikke, hvordan algoritmerne ved, hvem vi er og sorterer indhold - We don't know how the algorithms know who we are and sort content

- så vi ser noget, men ikke andet. Derfor skulle vi tale om Kant. - so we see something, but nothing else. That's why we should talk about Kant.

Det du ikke præsenteres for, ser du ikke. Ifølge Kant eksisterer det ikke for dig. What you are not presented with, you do not see. According to Kant, it doesn't exist for you.

Din virkelighed kan være en helt anden end min, som er anderledes end andres. Your reality may be completely different from mine, which is different from others.

Det er umuligt for dig at forstå andres virkelighed. It's impossible for you to understand the reality of others.

Eller er det? Or is it?

For at sprænge din boble kan du få nyheder fra nye kilder. To burst your bubble, you can get news from new sources.

Bare jeg kunne sige, at du kun behøvede DR Nyheder - I wish I could tell you that all you needed was DR News

- men det er ikke nok til at sprænge boblen. - but it's not enough to burst the bubble.

Vil du sprænge din boble, må du finde holdningsbaserede ting, du er uenig i. If you want to burst your bubble, find attitudinal things you disagree with.

Jeg har brudt min boble ved at følge politikere på forskellige fløje. I've broken my bubble by following politicians on different sides of the aisle.

Det kan du også let. Får du nyheder fra Politiken og Information - You can easily do the same. Do you get news from Politiken and Information?

- så skift til JP eller Berlingske. Deres vinkler kan udvide dit perspektiv. - then switch to JP or Berlingske. Their angles can broaden your perspective.

Det virker også omvendt. It also works the other way around.

Er du til podcast og video, så prøv debatprogrammer. If you like podcasts and video, try debate programs.

Fx "Debatten", hvor man kan få et nuanceret billede af holdninger. For example, "The Debate", where you can get a nuanced picture of opinions.

Politik er en kamp. Politics is a battle.

Jeg vil råde til, at du debatterer mere selv. Ikke for at vinde - I would advise you to debate more yourself. Not to win.

- men for at lære om andres holdninger. For mange debatterer for at vinde. - but to learn about the opinions of others. Too many people debate to win.

Der er forskel på de to ting. Lyt til dem, du debatterer med og er uenige med. There is a difference between the two. Listen to those you debate and disagree with.

Sådan sprænges boblen. How to burst the bubble.

Du skal jo ikke ændre holdninger eller verdensbillede. You don't have to change your attitude or worldview.

Alle har godt af at udvide horisonten og blive bedre til at forstå hinanden. Everyone benefits from broadening their horizons and understanding each other better.

Med de to værktøjer er du endnu bedre rustet til at gå ud af dit ekkokammer - With these two tools, you're even better equipped to step out of your echo chamber

- og gøre verden til et bedre sted. - and make the world a better place.

Da vi researchede, fandt vi meget om algoritmers sortering af indhold - When we did our research, we found a lot about algorithms sorting content

- men det var for meget til at få det med her. - but it was too much to include here.