【 终于 来 了 】2020 年 和 美式 民主 | What Happened to US Democracy? [Eng Sub]
zhōngyú|lái|le|nián|hé|měishì|mínzhǔ|||||||
[2020 und die US-Demokratie | Was ist aus der US-Demokratie geworden?
[2020 et la démocratie américaine | Qu'est-il arrivé à la démocratie américaine ?
[いよいよ】2020年とアメリカの民主主義 | What Happened to US Democracy?
[Eindelijk] 2020 en de Amerikaanse democratie | Wat is er gebeurd met de Amerikaanse democratie? [Eng Sub
【终于来了】2020年和美式民主 | What Happened to US Democracy? [Eng Sub]
【Finally Here】2020 and American Democracy | What Happened to US Democracy? [Eng Sub]
欢迎 进入 一个 带 你 解读 世界 的 频道 。
huān yíng|jìn rù|yī gè|dài|nǐ|jiě dú|shì jiè|de|pín dào
welcome|enter|one|bring|you|interpret|world|attributive marker|channel
Welcome to a channel that helps you interpret the world.
美国 大选 接近 尾声 ,
měi guó|dà xuǎn|jiē jìn|wěi shēng
United States|general election|close to|end
The US election is nearing its end,
一直 没 想 谈论 这个 话题 ,
yī zhí|méi|xiǎng|tán lùn|zhè ge|huà tí
always|not|want|discuss|this|topic
I have never wanted to talk about this topic,
期间 各种 真假 消息 不断 。
qī jiān|gè zhǒng|zhēn jiǎ|xiāo xī|bù duàn
during|various|true and false|news|continuously
During this period, various true and false messages kept coming.
如今 尘埃 落定 。
rú jīn|chén āi|luò dìng
now|dust|settle down
Now the dust has settled.
本频道 特色 之一 是 实事求是 ,
běn pín dào|tè sè|zhī yī|shì|shí shì qiú shì
this channel|feature|one of|is|seeking truth from facts
One of the features of this channel is seeking truth from facts,
虽然 时常 抨击 中国 社会 的 弊病 ,
suī rán|shí cháng|pēng jī|zhōng guó|shè huì|de|bì bìng
although|often|criticize|China|society|attributive marker|ills
although it often criticizes the ills of Chinese society,
呼吁 改进 ,
hū yù|gǎi jìn
call|improve
Call for improvement,
但 也 不 避讳 讨论 美国 的 弊病 。
dàn|yě|bù|bì huì|tǎo lùn|měi guó|de|bì bìng
but|also|not|avoid|discuss|America|attributive marker|problems
but also do not shy away from discussing the ills of America.
本篇 就 来 一探 美国 社会 和 政治 的 深层 问题 ,
běn piān|jiù|lái|yī tàn|měi guó|shè huì|hé|zhèng zhì|de|shēn céng|wèn tí
this article|just|come|explore|America|society|and|politics|attributive marker|deep|issues
This article will explore the deep-seated issues in American society and politics,
以及 带来 的 启示 。
yǐ jí|dài lái|de|qǐ shì
and|bring|attributive marker|revelation
as well as the insights it brings.
本期 受众 可以 非常 广泛 。
běn qī|shòu zhòng|kě yǐ|fēi cháng|guǎng fàn
this issue|audience|can|very|wide
This issue has a very broad audience.
你 不 支持 民主 ,
nǐ|bù|zhī chí|mín zhǔ
you|not|support|democracy
You do not support democracy,
正好 可以 听听 美国 民主 的问题 在 哪 。
zhèng hǎo|kě yǐ|tīng tīng|měi guó|mín zhǔ|de wèn tí|zài|nǎ
just right|can|listen to|America|democracy|questions|at|where
so you can just listen to where the problems of American democracy lie.
你 若 支持 美国 ,
nǐ|ruò|zhī chí|měi guó
you|if|support|America
If you support America,
觉得 不太 受用 ,
jué de|bù tài|shòu yòng
feel|not very|useful
I feel it's not very useful,
但 可以 看看 哪里 能 改进 。
dàn|kě yǐ|kàn kàn|nǎ lǐ|néng|gǎi jìn
but|can|take a look|where|can|improve
but we can see where improvements can be made.
你 若 认为 中国 未来 也 可以 逐步 走向 民主 ,
nǐ|ruò|rèn wéi|zhōng guó|wèi lái|yě|kě yǐ|zhú bù|zǒu xiàng|mín zhǔ
you|if|believe|China|future|also|can|gradually|move towards|democracy
If you believe that China can gradually move towards democracy in the future,
则 可以 知道 未来 中国 民主 的 设计
zé|kě yǐ|zhī dào|wèi lái|zhōng guó|mín zhǔ|de|shè jì
then|can|know|future|China|democracy|attributive marker|design
then you can understand the design of future democracy in China.
可以 避开 美国 的 哪些 教训 ,
kě yǐ|bì kāi|měi guó|de|nǎ xiē|jiào xùn
can|avoid|America|attributive marker|which|lessons
What lessons from the United States can be avoided?
吸取 哪些 经验 。
xī qǔ|nǎ xiē|jīng yàn
absorb|which|experience
What experiences can be learned?
我们 先 来 简单 的 谈谈 这次 选举 。
wǒ men|xiān|lái|jiǎn dān|de|tán tán|zhè cì|xuǎn jǔ
we|first|come|simple|attributive marker|talk about|this|election
Let's first briefly discuss this election.
我 只 说 事实 部分 ,
wǒ|zhǐ|shuō|shì shí|bù fèn
I|only|say|fact|part
I will only state the factual part,
不 说 阴谋论 ,
bù|shuō|yīn móu lùn
not|say|conspiracy theory
Not to mention conspiracy theories,
力图 让 大家 把握 事情 的 真面目 。
lì tú|ràng|dà jiā|bǎ wò|shì qíng|de|zhēn miàn mù
strive to|let|everyone|grasp|matter|attributive marker|true nature
striving to let everyone grasp the true nature of the matter.
川普 代表 反 建制 派 ,
chuān pǔ|dài biǎo|fǎn|jiàn zhì|pài
Trump|represents|anti|establishment|faction
Trump represents the anti-establishment faction,
这点 应该 没有 疑问 。
zhè diǎn|yīng gāi|méi yǒu|yí wèn
this point|should|no|doubt
this should be beyond doubt.
川普 的 很多 政策 和 建制派 存在 冲突 。
chuān pǔ|de|hěn duō|zhèng cè|hé|jiàn zhì pài|cún zài|chōng tū
Trump|attributive marker|many|policies|and|establishment|exist|conflicts
Many of Trump's policies conflict with the establishment.
所谓 建制 派 大意 指 的 是 在 政治 和 政策 上 ,
suǒ wèi|jiàn zhì|pài|dà yì|zhǐ|de|shì|zài|zhèng zhì|hé|zhèng cè|shàng
so-called|establishment|faction|general meaning|refer to|attributive marker|is|in|politics|and|policy|on
The so-called establishment generally refers to those who,
希望 延续 已有 的 大体 框架 ,
xī wàng|yán xù|yǐ yǒu|de|dà tǐ|kuàng jià
hope|continue|existing|attributive marker|general|framework
wish to continue the existing framework,
力求 稳健 ,
lì qiú|wěn jiàn
strive for|stability
and strive for stability.
不 希望 做 很大 的 改变 。
bù|xī wàng|zuò|hěn dà|de|gǎi biàn
not|hope|make|very big|attributive marker|change
Do not hope to make very big changes.
他们 既 包括 选举 产生 的 政客 ,
tā men|jì|bāo kuò|xuǎn jǔ|chǎn sheng|de|zhèng kè
they|both|include|election|produce|attributive marker|politicians
They include elected politicians,
也 包括 各级 政府 数十万 的 公务员 系统 ,
yě|bāo kuò|gè jí|zhèng fǔ|shù shí wàn|de|gōng wù yuán|xì tǒng
also|include|all levels|government|hundreds of thousands|attributive marker|civil servants|system
as well as hundreds of thousands of civil servants at all levels of government,
包括 国防部 外交部 司法部 劳工部 等等 。
bāo kuò|guó fáng bù|wài jiāo bù|sī fǎ bù|láo gōng bù|děng děng
including|Ministry of Defense|Ministry of Foreign Affairs|Ministry of Justice|Department of Labor|etc
including the Department of Defense, the Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor, etc.
同时 也 包括 在 民间 掌握 各类 资源 的 人群 ,
tóng shí|yě|bāo kuò|zài|mín jiān|zhǎng wò|gè lèi|zī yuán|de|rén qún
at the same time|also|include|in|grassroots|master|various|resources|attributive marker|groups
At the same time, it also includes groups of people in society who control various resources,
如 各类 行业 的 游说 团体 、华尔街 、
rú|gè lèi|háng yè|de|yóu shuì|tuán tǐ|huá ěr jiē
such as|various types|industries|attributive marker|lobbying|groups|Wall Street
such as lobbying groups from various industries, Wall Street,
教师 医生 群体 等等 。
jiào shī|yī shēng|qún tǐ|děng děng
teacher|doctor|group|etc
teachers, doctors, and so on.
可以 说 建制 派 的 势力 相当 庞大 。
kě yǐ|shuō|jiàn zhì|pài|de|shì lì|xiāng dāng|páng dà
can|say|establishment|faction|attributive marker|power|quite|large
It can be said that the establishment's influence is quite large.
川普 借 反 建制 的 民粹主义 上位 ,
chuān pǔ|jiè|fǎn|jiàn zhì|de|mín cuì zhǔ yì|shàng wèi
Trump|borrowed|anti|establishment|attributive marker|populism|rise to power
Trump rose to power through anti-establishment populism,
却 没 学会 如何 统战 ,
què|méi|xué huì|rú hé|tǒng zhàn
but|not|learn|how|united front
but he never learned how to unite different factions,
始终 守 着 他 40% 的 基本 盘 ,
shǐ zhōng|shǒu|zhe|tā|de|jī běn|pán
always|keep|ongoing action marker|him|attributive marker|basic|plate
always holding onto his 40% core support,
并 没 去 团结 一切 可以 团结 的 力量 。
bìng|méi|qù|tuán jié|yī qiè|kě yǐ|tuán jié|de|lì liàng
and|not|go|unite|all|can|unite|attributive marker|strength
and did not seek to unite all possible forces.
所以 在 这次 大选 中 就算 赢 也 注定 只会 险胜 ,
suǒ yǐ|zài|zhè cì|dà xuǎn|zhōng|jiù suàn|yíng|yě|zhù dìng|zhǐ huì|xiǎn shèng
so|in|this|election|during|even if|win|also|destined|only|narrow victory
So in this election, even if one wins, it is destined to be a narrow victory.
而 不会 像 里根 当年 在 50 州 里 大 赢 49 州 。
ér|bù huì|xiàng|lǐ gēn|dāng nián|zài|zhōu|lǐ|dà|yíng|zhōu
but|will not|like|Reagan|back then|in|states|in|big|win|states
It will not be like Reagan back in the day, winning 49 out of 50 states.
里根 算是 魅力 型 的 民粹 政客 。
lǐ gēn|suàn shì|mèi lì|xíng|de|mín cuì|zhèng kè
Reagan|can be considered|charismatic|type|attributive marker|populist|politician
Reagan can be considered a charismatic populist politician.
本来 川式 经济 可谓 如日中天 ,
běn lái|chuān shì|jīng jì|kě wèi|rú rì zhōng tiān
originally|Sichuan-style|economy|can be said to be|at its peak
Originally, Trump's economy was at its peak.
不巧 在 选前 连续 受到 疫情 和 黑命贵 运动 的 冲击 ,
bù chǎo|zài|xuǎn qián|lián xù|shòu dào|yì qíng|hé|hēi mìng guì|yùn dòng|de|chōng jī
unfortunately|during|pre-election|continuously|suffered|pandemic|and|Black Lives Matter|movement|attributive marker|impact
Unfortunately, in the lead-up to the election, there were continuous impacts from the pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement.
民调 一直 落后 于 对手 。
mín diào|yī zhí|luò hòu|yú|duì shǒu
opinion poll|consistently|lag behind|behind|opponent
The polls have consistently lagged behind those of the opponent.
这次 选举 发生 了 三件 意想不到 的 事情 。
zhè cì|xuǎn jǔ|fā shēng|le|sān jiàn|yì xiǎng bù dào|de|shì qíng
this time|election|happen|past tense marker|three|unexpected|attributive marker|things
Three unexpected events occurred in this election.
第一 是 选前 一个月 惊现 拜登 之子 的 硬盘 门 事件 ,
dì yī|shì|xuǎn qián|yī gè yuè|jīng xiàn|bài dēng|zhī zǐ|de|yìng pán|mén|shì jiàn
first|is|before the election|one month|suddenly appear|Biden|son of|attributive marker|hard drive|gate scandal|incident
The first was the sudden emergence of the Hunter Biden laptop scandal one month before the election.
我 在 拜登 对话 策略 的 视频 里 也 有 讲 过 。
wǒ|zài|bài dēng|duì huà|cè lüè|de|shì pín|lǐ|yě|yǒu|jiǎng|guò
I|in|Biden|dialogue|strategy|attributive marker|video|inside|also|have|talk|past tense marker
I also mentioned it in the video about Biden's dialogue strategy.
该 事件 立刻 被 主流 媒体 以及 社交 巨头 封杀 ,
gāi|shì jiàn|lì kè|bèi|zhǔ liú|méi tǐ|yǐ jí|shè jiāo|jù tóu|fēng shā
this|event|immediately|by|mainstream|media|and|social|giants|censor
The event was immediately suppressed by mainstream media and social media giants,
只有 右派 媒体 坚持 报道 。
zhǐ yǒu|yòu pài|méi tǐ|jiān chí|bào dào
only|right-wing|media|insist|report
only right-wing media continued to report on it.
即使 这样 也 还是 给 美国 部分 民众 不小 的 影响 ,
jí shǐ|zhè yàng|yě|hái shì|gěi|měi guó|bù fen|mín zhòng|bù xiǎo|de|yǐng xiǎng
even if|this way|also|still|give|America|some|public|significant|attributive marker|impact
Even so, it still had a significant impact on some American citizens.
要 知道 川普 在 四个 摇摆州 一共 才 输 四五万 票 。
yào|zhī dào|chuān pǔ|zài|sì gè|yáo bǎi zhōu|yī gòng|cái|shū|sì wǔ wàn|piào
want|to know|Trump|in|four|swing state|in total|only|lose|forty to fifty thousand|votes
It is important to know that Trump lost only about 45,000 votes in four swing states.
当时 提前 投票 已 进行 一半 ,
dāng shí|tí qián|tóu piào|yǐ|jìn xíng|yī bàn
at that time|early|voting|already|in progress|halfway
At that time, early voting had already been halfway through,
谷歌 搜索 如何 改票 的 关键词 瞬间 冲高 。
gǔ gē|sōu suǒ|rú hé|gǎi piào|de|guān jiàn cí|shùn jiān|chōng gāo
Google|search|how|change ticket|attributive marker|keyword|instantly|surge high
and the Google search for keywords on how to change votes surged instantly.
第二则 是 民调 又 一次 的 完全 失灵 。
dì èr zé|shì|mín diào|yòu|yī cì|de|wán quán|shī líng
the second one|is|opinion poll|again|once|attributive marker|completely|fail
The second point is that the polls once again completely failed.
川普 在 佛州 、俄亥俄 、爱荷华 等
chuān pǔ|zài|fó zhōu|é hài é|ài hé huá|děng
Trump|in|Florida|Ohio|Iowa|etc
Trump's performance in swing states like Florida, Ohio, and Iowa
摇摆 州 的 战绩 均 比 媒体 预测 高出 七八个 点 。
yáo bǎi|zhōu|de|zhàn jì|jūn|bǐ|méi tǐ|yù cè|gāo chū|qī bā gè|diǎn
swing|state|attributive marker|record|all|than|media|prediction|higher than|seven or eight|points
was seven to eight points higher than the media predicted.
第三 则 是 在 选举 过程 中 的确 出现 了 很多 疑点 ,
dì sān|zé|shì|zài|xuǎn jǔ|guò chéng|zhōng|dí què|chū xiàn|le|hěn duō|yí diǎn
third|rule|is|in|election|process|in|indeed|appear|past tense marker|many|doubts
The third point is that there were indeed many doubts during the election process,
如 统计学 上 的 数据 异常 ,
rú|tǒng jì xué|shàng|de|shù jù|yì cháng
as|statistics|on|attributive marker|data|anomaly
such as statistical anomalies in the data,
民主党 县市 投票 点 支开 观察员 ,
mín zhǔ dǎng|xiàn shì|tóu piào|diǎn|zhī kāi|guān chá yuán
Democratic Party|county and city|voting|polling place|deploy|observers
Democratic Party county and city polling stations dispatched observers,
以及 有 视频 拍到 的 部分 疑似 作弊 的 场景 。
yǐ jí|yǒu|shì pín|pāi dào|de|bù fèn|yí shì|zuò bì|de|chǎng jǐng
and|there are|video|captured|attributive marker|parts|suspected|cheating|attributive marker|scenes
as well as some suspected cheating scenes captured on video.
美国 大选 的 舞弊 指控 历来 都 有 ,
měi guó|dà xuǎn|de|wǔ bì|zhǐ kòng|lì lái|dōu|yǒu
United States|general election|attributive marker|fraud|allegations|historically|all|exist
Allegations of fraud in the U.S. elections have always existed,
虽然 很多 调查 否认 ,
suī rán|hěn duō|diào chá|fǒu rèn
although|many|surveys|deny
although many investigations have denied them,
但 邮寄 投票 确实 有 操作 空间 。
dàn|yóu jì|tóu piào|què shí|yǒu|cāo zuò|kōng jiān
but|mail-in|voting|indeed|have|operational|space
But there is indeed room for manipulation in mail-in voting.
但 以往 邮寄 投票 的 比例 较 小 ,
dàn|yǐ wǎng|yóu jì|tóu piào|de|bǐ lì|jiào|xiǎo
but|in the past|mail-in|voting|attributive marker|proportion|relatively|small
However, the proportion of mail-in voting in the past has been relatively small,
影响 并不 大 。
yǐng xiǎng|bìng bù|dà
influence|not at all|big
so the impact is not significant.
而 这次 的 疫情 导致 邮寄 投票 超过 半数 ,
ér|zhè cì|de|yì qíng|dǎo zhì|yóu jì|tóu piào|chāo guò|bàn shù
but|this time|attributive marker|epidemic|caused|mail-in|voting|exceeded|majority
This time, however, the pandemic has caused mail-in voting to exceed half.
影响 就 会 被 放大 。
yǐng xiǎng|jiù|huì|bèi|fàng dà
influence|then|will|be|amplified
The impact will be magnified.
对 选举 的 指控 让 川普 团队 搏斗 近 两个 月 ,
duì|xuǎn jǔ|de|zhǐ kòng|ràng|chuān pǔ|tuán duì|bó dòu|jìn|liǎng gè|yuè
regarding|election|attributive marker|accusations|make|Trump|team|fight|nearly|two|months
The allegations against the election have kept Trump's team fighting for nearly two months,
最后 以 国会 被 冲击 、再次 被 弹劾 告终 。
zuì hòu|yǐ|guó huì|bèi|chōng jī|zài cì|bèi|tán hé|gào zhōng
finally|with|Congress|was|attacked|again|was|impeached|ended
ultimately ending with the Capitol being stormed and a second impeachment.
你 要 问 我 到底 有没有 大规模 舞弊 ,
nǐ|yào|wèn|wǒ|dào dǐ|yǒu méi yǒu|dà guī mó|wǔ bì
you|want|ask|me|exactly|whether there is|large-scale|fraud
You want to ask me whether there was large-scale fraud,
我 无法 作出 肯定 的 答复 ,
wǒ|wú fǎ|zuò chū|kěn dìng|de|dá fù
I|cannot|make|definite|attributive marker|response
I cannot give a definite answer,
这 必须 有 第三方 的 独立 调查 。
zhè|bì xū|yǒu|dì sān fāng|de|dú lì|diào chá
this|must|have|third party|attributive marker|independent|investigation
this must have an independent investigation by a third party.
但 如果 你 问 我 川普 阵营 能 不能 指控 和 抗议 舞弊 ,
dàn|rú guǒ|nǐ|wèn|wǒ|chuān pǔ|zhèn yíng|néng|bù néng|zhǐ kòng|hé|kàng yì|wǔ bì
but|if|you|ask|me|Trump|camp|can|cannot|accuse|and|protest|fraud
But if you ask me whether the Trump camp can accuse and protest against fraud,
答案 当然 可以 。
dá àn|dāng rán|kě yǐ
answer|of course|can
the answer is of course they can.
我们 也 确实 看到 不少 反常现象 和 违规操作 。
wǒ men|yě|què shí|kàn dào|bù shǎo|fǎn cháng xiàn xiàng|hé|wéi guī cāo zuò
we|also|indeed|see|quite a few|abnormal phenomena|and|irregular operations
We have indeed seen many abnormal phenomena and violations.
不管 事实 如何 ,
bù guǎn|shì shí|rú hé
no matter|fact|how
Regardless of the facts,
根据 民调 显示 ,
gēn jù|mín diào|xiǎn shì
according to|poll|show
According to polls,
七成 的 共和党 选民 、
qī chéng|de|gòng hé dǎng|xuǎn mín
seventy percent|attributive marker|Republican Party|voters
70% of Republican voters,
14% 的 民主党 选民 ,
de|mín zhǔ dǎng|xuǎn mín
attributive marker|Democratic Party|voters
14% of Democratic voters,
以及 过半数 的 摇摆州 选民 ,
yǐ jí|guò bàn shù|de|yáo bǎi zhōu|xuǎn mín
and|more than half|attributive marker|swing state|voters
and more than half of swing state voters,
质疑 选举 结果 。
zhì yí|xuǎn jǔ|jié guǒ
question|election|result
question the election results.
这 是 事实 。
zhè|shì|shì shí
this|is|fact
This is a fact.
美国 长期 超级大国 ,
měi guó|cháng qī|chāo jí dà guó
United States|long-term|superpower
The United States has long been a superpower,
各界 的确 自满 已 久 ,
gè jiè|dí què|zì mǎn|yǐ|jiǔ
all walks of life|indeed|complacent|already|long
and indeed, all sectors have been complacent for a long time,
他们 要是 看到 台湾 唱票 的 过程 一定 会 感到 羞愧 。
tā men|yào shì|kàn dào|tái wān|chàng piào|de|guò chéng|yī dìng|huì|gǎn dào|xiū kuì
they|if|see|Taiwan|counting votes|attributive marker|process|definitely|will|feel|shame
If they see the voting process in Taiwan, they will surely feel ashamed.
如此 大规模 的 不 信任 ,
rúcǐ|dà guī mó|de|bù|xìn rèn
such|large-scale|attributive marker|not|trust
Such a large-scale distrust,
其实 是 对 新政府 合法性 的 质疑 ,
qí shí|shì|duì|xīn zhèng fǔ|hé fǎ xìng|de|zhì yí
actually|is|towards|new government|legitimacy|attributive marker|doubt
In fact, it is a questioning of the legitimacy of the new government,
反而 是 对 民主 的 伤害 。
fǎn ér|shì|duì|mín zhǔ|de|shāng hài
on the contrary|is|to|democracy|attributive marker|harm
which instead harms democracy.
压制 言论 和 不许 质疑 表面上 是 保护 民主 选举 ,
yā zhì|yán lùn|hé|bù xǔ|zhì yí|biǎo miàn shàng|shì|bǎo hù|mín zhǔ|xuǎn jǔ
suppress|speech|and|not allow|question|on the surface|is|protect|democracy|election
Suppressing speech and forbidding questioning on the surface is to protect democratic elections,
却 反而 进一步 伤害 民主 。
què|fǎn ér|jìn yī bù|shāng hài|mín zhǔ
but|on the contrary|further|harm|democracy
but it actually further harms democracy.
保护 民主 需要 找到 病因 并 给予 解决 。
bǎo hù|mín zhǔ|xū yào|zhǎo dào|bìng yīn|bìng|jǐ yǔ|jiě jué
protect|democracy|need|find|cause|and|provide|solution
Protecting democracy requires identifying the root causes and providing solutions.
而 最好 的 解决办法 ,
ér|zuì hǎo|de|jiě jué bàn fǎ
and|best|attributive marker|solution
And the best solution,
也 是 任何 民主 国家 、
yě|shì|rèn hé|mín zhǔ|guó jiā
also|is|any|democratic|country
is applicable to any democratic country,
发达 或 不 发达 、
fā dá|huò|bù|fā dá
developed|or|not|developed
whether developed or underdeveloped,
都 会 采取 的 方法 ,
dōu|huì|cǎi qǔ|de|fāng fǎ
all|will|adopt|attributive marker|method
Methods that will be adopted,
也 就是 独立 的 第三方 调查 。
yě|jiù shì|dú lì|de|dì sān fāng|diào chá
also|is exactly|independent|attributive marker|third-party|investigation
which is an independent third-party investigation.
民主 的 核心 之一 是 参与 游戏 ,
mín zhǔ|de|hé xīn|zhī yī|shì|cān yù|yóu xì
democracy|attributive marker|core|one of|is|participation|game
One of the cores of democracy is participation in the game,
愿赌服输 ,
yuàn dǔ fú shū
willing to gamble and accept the loss
willing to accept the outcome.
但 前提 是 选举 过程 不 让 人 怀疑 ,
dàn|qián tí|shì|xuǎn jǔ|guò chéng|bù|ràng|rén|huái yí
but|premise|is|election|process|not|allow|people|doubt
But the premise is that the election process should not raise doubts.
输 也 会 输 的 心服口服 。
shū|yě|huì|shū|de|xīn fú kǒu fú
lose|also|will|lose|attributive marker|convinced
Even in defeat, one should accept the outcome willingly.
选举 过程 是 目前 美国 民主 的 一颗 暗雷 ,
xuǎn jǔ|guò chéng|shì|mù qián|měi guó|mín zhǔ|de|yī kē|àn léi
election|process|is|currently|America|democracy|attributive marker|one|ticking time bomb
The election process is currently a hidden danger in American democracy.
我们 后面 会 说 。
wǒ men|hòu miàn|huì|shuō
we|later|will|speak
We will discuss this later.
美国 这次 选举 从 表面 上 看 是 对 结果 的 巨大 争议 ,
měi guó|zhè cì|xuǎn jǔ|cóng|biǎo miàn|shàng|kàn|shì|duì|jié guǒ|de|jù dà|zhēng yì
United States|this time|election|from|surface|on|look|is|about|result|attributive marker|huge|controversy
The U.S. election this time appears to have a huge controversy over the results,
而 背后 则 显示 出 美国 社会 巨大 的 两极化 。
ér|bèi hòu|zé|xiǎn shì|chū|měi guó|shè huì|jù dà|de|liǎng jí huà
but|behind|then|show|out|America|society|huge|attributive marker|polarization
but behind it shows the significant polarization in American society.
两极化 会 造成 两头 的 声量 大大 增加 ,
liǎng jí huà|huì|zào chéng|liǎng tóu|de|shēng liàng|dà dà|zēng jiā
polarization|will|cause|both ends|attributive marker|volume|greatly|increase
Polarization can greatly increase the volume of both extremes,
且 意识形态 往往 激烈 对立 ,
qiě|yì shí xíng tài|wǎng wǎng|jī liè|duì lì
and|ideology|often|intense|opposition
and ideologies are often in fierce opposition,
这 就 带来 了 对 牛 弹琴 ,
zhè|jiù|dài lái|le|duì|niú|tán qín
this|just|bring|past tense marker|to|cow|play the lute
This brings about the situation of playing the lute to a cow,
或者 非得 把 对方 弄死 的 节奏 ,
huò zhě|fēi děi|bǎ|duì fāng|nòng sǐ|de|jié zòu
or|must|to|opponent|kill|attributive marker|rhythm
or the rhythm of having to kill the other party,
包括 对 枪支 的 讨论 。
bāo kuò|duì|qiāng zhī|de|tǎo lùn
include|regarding|firearms|attributive marker|discussion
including discussions about firearms.
如果 你 恨 川 入 骨 ,
rú guǒ|nǐ|hèn|chuān|rù|gǔ
if|you|hate|Chuan|into|bone
If you hate Trump to the bone,
就 完全 可能 出现 不惜 做票 也 得 把 他 搞掉 。
jiù|wán quán|kě néng|chū xiàn|bù xī|zuò piào|yě|děi|bǎ|tā|gǎo diào
just|completely|possible|appear|spare no effort|rig votes|also|must|put|him|get rid of
It is entirely possible that they would go so far as to rig the votes to get rid of him.
而 究其 两极化 的 原因 ,
ér|jiū qí|liǎng jí huà|de|yuán yīn
but|to investigate its|polarization|attributive marker|reason
As for the reasons behind the polarization,
我们 之前 的 节目 里 也 讲 过 ,
wǒ men|zhī qián|de|jié mù|lǐ|yě|jiǎng|guò
we|before|attributive marker|program|in|also|talk|past experience marker
we have discussed it in our previous programs,
在 过去 全球化 的 大潮 下 ,
zài|guò qù|quán qiú huà|de|dà cháo|xià
at|past|globalization|attributive marker|tide|under
in the past, under the tide of globalization,
美国 大量 的 中产 岗位 流失 ,
měi guó|dà liàng|de|zhōng chǎn|gǎng wèi|liú shī
United States|large number|attributive marker|middle class|jobs|loss
A large number of middle-class jobs in the United States are lost,
工业 地带 变成 铁锈 地带 ,
gōng yè|dì dài|biàn chéng|tiě xiù|dì dài
industrial|zone|become|rust|zone
industrial areas have turned into rust belts,
广大 中产 家庭 的 实际 收入 增长 缓慢 。
guǎng dà|zhōng chǎn|jiā tíng|de|shí jì|shōu rù|zēng zhǎng|huǎn màn
vast|middle-class|families|attributive marker|actual|income|growth|slow
the actual income growth of many middle-class families is slow.
同时 大量 的 新 移民 涌入 ,
tóng shí|dà liàng|de|xīn|yí mín|yǒng rù
at the same time|large number|attributive marker|new|immigrants|surge into
At the same time, a large number of new immigrants are pouring in,
包括 非法 移民 。
bāo kuò|fēi fǎ|yí mín
include|illegal|immigrants
Including illegal immigrants.
他们 大多数 集中 在 城市 ,
tā men|dà duō shù|jí zhōng|zài|chéng shì
they|most|concentrate|in|city
Most of them are concentrated in cities,
价值观 和 本地人 有 很大 的 差别 ,
jià zhí guān|hé|běn dì rén|yǒu|hěn dà|de|chā bié
values|and|locals|have|significant|attributive marker|difference
with values that differ greatly from the locals,
更加 造成 本地人 不满 的 情绪 。
gèng jiā|zào chéng|běn dì rén|bù mǎn|de|qíng xù
more|cause|locals|dissatisfaction|attributive marker|emotions
which further causes dissatisfaction among the locals.
奥巴马 推崇 国际 治理 和 国际 机构 ,
ào bā mǎ|tuī chóng|guó jì|zhì lǐ|hé|guó jì|jī gòu
Obama|advocate|international|governance|and|international|institutions
Obama advocates for international governance and international institutions,
很多 国际 政策 也 和 本国 现状 脱离 。
hěn duō|guó jì|zhèng cè|yě|hé|běn guó|xiàn zhuàng|tuō lí
many|international|policy|also|and|domestic|situation|detach
Many international policies are also disconnected from the domestic situation.
这 一切 的 一切 都 催生 了 民粹主义 。
zhè|yī qiè|de|yī qiè|dōu|cuī shēng|le|mín cuì zhǔ yì
this|everything|attributive marker|everything|all|gave birth to|past tense marker|populism
All of this has given rise to populism.
民粹主义 在 有 选票 的 社会 、
mín cuì zhǔ yì|zài|yǒu|xuǎn piào|de|shè huì
populism|in|have|ballots|attributive marker|society
Populism exists in societies with voting rights,
本质 上 源于 普通 百姓
běn zhì|shàng|yuán yú|pǔ tōng|bǎi xìng
essence|on|originate from|ordinary|common people
Essentially originates from the accumulation of dissatisfaction among ordinary people
对 当前 精英 群体 和 政策 不满 的 累积 ,
duì|dāng qián|jīng yīng|qún tǐ|hé|zhèng cè|bù mǎn|de|lěi jī
towards|current|elite|group|and|policy|dissatisfaction|attributive marker|accumulation
with the current elite groups and policies,
也 就是 所谓 纯洁 的 人民
yě|jiù shì|suǒ wèi|chún jié|de|rén mín
also|is exactly|so-called|pure|attributive marker|people
which is what is referred to as the pure people
对抗 腐败 无能 的 精英 统治 集团 。
duì kàng|fǔ bài|wú néng|de|jīng yīng|tǒng zhì|jítuán
against|corruption|incompetence|attributive marker|elite|ruling|group
resisting the corrupt and incompetent elite ruling class.
于是 在 某些 人 的 振臂 一呼 下 ,
yú shì|zài|mǒu xiē|rén|de|zhèn bì|yī hū|xià
so|at|certain|people|attributive marker|raise arm|one call|under
So, at the call of certain people,
民粹主义 通过 选举 更替 政府 。
mín cuì zhǔ yì|tōng guò|xuǎn jǔ|gēng tì|zhèng fǔ
populism|through|elections|replace|government
populism replaces the government through elections.
这 在 本质 上 是 一种 纠偏 的 行为 。
zhè|zài|běn zhì|shàng|shì|yī zhǒng|jiū piān|de|xíng wéi
this|at|essence|on|is|a kind of|correction|attributive marker|behavior
This is essentially a corrective action.
但 民粹 领导者 执政 往往 又 不如 建制 派 老练 ,
dàn|mín cuì|lǐng dǎo zhě|zhí zhèng|wǎng wǎng|yòu|bù rú|jiàn zhì|pài|lǎo liàn
but|populist|leader|govern|often|again|not as|establishment|faction|experienced
However, populist leaders in power are often not as experienced as the establishment.
有时候 失误 频频 。
yǒu shí hòu|shī wù|pín pín
sometimes|mistakes|frequently
Sometimes mistakes happen frequently.
甚至 还 出现 别有用心 的 投机者 ,
shèn zhì|hái|chū xiàn|bié yǒu yòng xīn|de|tóu jī zhě
even|still|appear|ulterior motives|attributive marker|speculators
There are even opportunists with ulterior motives,
比如 当年 的 希特勒 。
bǐ rú|dāng nián|de|xī tè lè
for example|back then|attributive marker|Hitler
such as Hitler from back in the day.
有人 说 这 一切 都是 民主制度 的 锅 ,
yǒu rén|shuō|zhè|yī qiè|dōu shì|mín zhǔ zhì dù|de|guō
someone|says|this|everything|are|democratic system|attributive marker|blame
Some say all of this is the fault of the democratic system.
这种 说法 并 不 准确 。
zhè zhǒng|shuō fǎ|bìng|bù|zhǔn què
this kind of|statement|not|not|accurate
This statement is not accurate.
民主 只是 一个 概念 ,
mín zhǔ|zhǐ shì|yī gè|gài niàn
democracy|just|one|concept
Democracy is just a concept,
世界 上 没有 哪个 国家 的 “制度 设计 ”完全 相同 ,
shì jiè|shàng|méi yǒu|nǎ ge|guó jiā|de|zhì dù|shè jì|wán quán|xiāng tóng
world|on|no|which|country|attributive marker|system|design|completely|identical
there is no country in the world whose 'system design' is exactly the same,
成熟 程度 也 不 一 。
chéng shú|chéng dù|yě|bù|yī
mature|degree|also|not|the same
and the level of maturity is also different.
光是 美国 和 加拿大 就 有 很大 的 不同 。
guāng shì|měi guó|hé|jiā ná dà|jiù|yǒu|hěn dà|de|bù tóng
just|America|and|Canada|just|have|very big|attributive marker|differences
There are significant differences between the United States and Canada.
英加 澳欧 日 韩 都 是 民主制度 ,
yīng jiā|ào ōu|rì|hán|dōu|shì|mín zhǔ zhì dù
UK and Canada|Australia and Europe|Japan|South Korea|all|are|democratic system
The UK, Canada, Australia, Europe, Japan, and South Korea all have democratic systems,
却 没有 一个 国家 出现 美国 当前 的 局面 。
què|méi yǒu|yī gè|guó jiā|chū xiàn|měi guó|dāng qián|de|jú miàn
but|no|one|country|appear|United States|current|attributive marker|situation
yet none of these countries have experienced the current situation in the United States.
甚至 包括 广大 初级 的 民主政体 ,
shèn zhì|bāo kuò|guǎng dà|chū jí|de|mín zhǔ zhèng tǐ
even|including|vast|primary|attributive marker|democratic system
This includes even the many basic democratic regimes.
如 印度 马来 非洲 南美 ,
rú|yìn dù|mǎ lái|fēi zhōu|nán měi
such as|India|Malaysia|Africa|South America
Such as India, Malaysia, Africa, South America,
也 没 出现 如此 大 的 两极分化 。
yě|méi|chū xiàn|rú cǐ|dà|de|liǎng jí fēn huà
also|not|appear|such|big|attributive marker|polarization
there has not been such a large polarization.
美式 民主制度 历经 两百多年 ,
měi shì|mín zhǔ zhì dù|lì jīng|liǎng bǎi duō nián
American-style|democratic system|经历过|over two hundred years
The American democratic system has lasted for more than two hundred years,
以 难以 改动 著称 。
yǐ|nán yǐ|gǎi dòng|zhù chēng
with|difficult to|change|known for
and is known for being difficult to change.
制度 稳定性 确保 的 同时 ,
zhì dù|wěn dìng xìng|què bǎo|de|tóng shí
system|stability|ensure|attributive marker|at the same time
While ensuring the stability of the system,
也 确实 会 出现 一些 不能 与时俱进 的 情况 。
yě|què shí|huì|chū xiàn|yī xiē|bù néng|yǔ shí jù jìn|de|qíng kuàng
also|indeed|will|appear|some|cannot|keep up with the times|attributive marker|situation
there will indeed be some situations that cannot keep up with the times.
在 各类 国际 机构 的 民主 指数 中 ,
zài|gè lèi|guó jì|jī gòu|de|mín zhǔ|zhǐ shù|zhōng
in|various|international|organizations|attributive marker|democracy|index|among
In the democratic index of various international organizations,
美国 的 排名 并 不 高 ,
měi guó|de|pái míng|bìng|bù|gāo
United States|attributive marker|ranking|indeed|not|high
the ranking of the United States is not high,
可见 美式 民主 的确 存在 一定 的 缺陷 。
kě jiàn|měi shì|mín zhǔ|dí què|cún zài|yī dìng|de|quē xiàn
it is evident|American-style|democracy|indeed|exist|certain|attributive marker|flaws
It is evident that American democracy indeed has certain flaws.
下面 我们 就 来 分析 美式 民主 究竟 问题 在 哪 。
xià miàn|wǒ men|jiù|lái|fēn xī|měi shì|mín zhǔ|jiū jìng|wèn tí|zài|nǎ
below|we|just|come|analyze|American-style|democracy|exactly|problem|at|where
Next, we will analyze what the problems of American democracy are.
虽然 政治 和 经济 制度 互 有 影响 ,
suī rán|zhèng zhì|hé|jīng jì|zhì dù|hù|yǒu|yǐng xiǎng
although|politics|and|economy|system|mutually|have|influence
Although political and economic systems influence each other,
但 分析 问题 还 得 分开 看 ,
dàn|fēn xī|wèn tí|hái|děi|fēn kāi|kàn
but|analyze|problem|still|must|separately|look
the analysis of the problems must be viewed separately.
毕竟 区别 很 大 。
bì jìng|qū bié|hěn|dà
after all|difference|very|big
After all, the difference is significant.
客观 讲 ,
kè guān|jiǎng
objective|speak
Objectively speaking,
美国 政治 针锋相对 ,
měi guó|zhèng zhì|zhēn fēng xiāng duì
United States|politics|tit for tat
American politics is confrontational,
社交 网络 硝烟 弥漫 ,
shè jiāo|wǎng luò|xiāo yān|mí màn
social|network|gunpowder smoke|fill the air
and social networks are filled with smoke.
其 社会 和 经济 活动 依然 平稳 有序 ,
qí|shè huì|hé|jīng jì|huó dòng|yī rán|píng wěn|yǒu xù
its|social|and|economic|activities|still|stable|orderly
Its social and economic activities remain stable and orderly.
美国 的 营商 便利 指数 傲视 群雄 。
měi guó|de|yíng shāng|biàn lì|zhǐ shù|ào shì|qún xióng
United States|attributive marker|business|convenience|index|stand tall above|rivals
The United States' business convenience index is second to none.
顺便 一提 ,
shùn biàn|yī tí
by the way|mention
By the way,
中国 进步 很快 ,
zhōng guó|jìn bù|hěn kuài
China|progress|very fast
China is making rapid progress.
目前 排名 31 。
mù qián|pái míng
currently|ranking
Currently ranked 31.
印度 进步 也 很快 ,
yìn dù|jìn bù|yě|hěn kuài
India|progress|also|very fast
India is also progressing very quickly,
这 几年 从 140 窜 居 63 。
zhè|jǐ nián|cóng|cuàn|jū
this|few years|from|rank|rank
in recent years it has jumped from 140 to 63.
要 说 美式 民主 的 问题 ,
yào|shuō|měi shì|mín zhǔ|de|wèn tí
want|to say|American-style|democracy|attributive marker|issue
Speaking of the issues with American-style democracy,
首当其冲 要算 很多 人 都 不 陌生 的 所谓 “永久 政治 家族 ”,
shǒu dāng qí chōng|yào suàn|hěn duō|rén|dōu|bù|mò shēng|de|suǒ wèi|yǒng jiǔ|zhèng zhì|jiā zú
top priority|should count|many|people|all|not|unfamiliar|attributive marker|so-called|permanent|political|family
First and foremost, we have to mention the so-called 'permanent political families' that many people are familiar with.
比如 被 中文 圈 诟病 多年 的
bǐ rú|bèi|zhōng wén|quān|gòu bìng|duō nián|de
for example|by|Chinese|community|criticize|for many years|attributive marker
For example, those criticized in the Chinese community for many years,
克林顿 佩洛西 拜登 麦康纳 罗姆尼 家族 等等 ,
kè lín dùn|pèi luò xī|bài dēng|mài kāng nà|luó mǔ ní|jiā zú|děng děng
Clinton|Pelosi|Biden|McConnell|Romney|family|etc
such as the Clinton, Pelosi, Biden, McConnell, and Romney families, etc.,
两党 都 有 ,
liǎng dǎng|dōu|yǒu
two parties|both|have
both parties have them.
多 为 建制 派 。
duō|wéi|jiàn zhì|pài
many|as|establishment|faction
Mostly establishment faction.
这些 家族 常年 占据 重要 席位 如 参议员 和 众议院 主席 ,
zhè xiē|jiā zú|cháng nián|zhàn jù|zhòng yào|xí wèi|rú|cān yì yuán|hé|zhòng yì yuàn|zhǔ xí
these|families|year-round|occupy|important|seats|such as|senator|and|House of Representatives|speaker
These families have long occupied important positions such as senators and speakers of the house,
有 的 甚至 长 达 三四十年 。
yǒu|de|shèn zhì|||sān sì shí nián
there are|attributive marker|even|||thirty to forty years
some even for as long as thirty to forty years.
虽然 也 要 参选 ,
suī rán|yě|yào|cān xuǎn
although|also|want|run for election
Although they also have to run for election,
但 这些 人 似乎 没有 选举 的 压力 ,
dàn|zhè xiē|rén|sì hū|méi yǒu|xuǎn jǔ|de|yā lì
but|these|people|seem|no|election|attributive marker|pressure
But these people seem to have no electoral pressure,
也 就 容易 产生 腐败 。
yě|jiù|róng yì|chǎn shēng|fǔ bài
also|then|easy|produce|corruption
which makes it easy for corruption to arise.
拜登 家族 的 腐败 已 是 实锤 ,
bài dēng|jiā zú|de|fǔ bài|yǐ|shì|shí chuí
Biden|family|attributive marker|corruption|already|is|solid evidence
The corruption of the Biden family is already a solid fact,
司法部门 在 民主党 如日中天 的 情况下
sī fǎ bù mén|zài|mín zhǔ dǎng|rú rì zhōng tiān|de|qíng kuàng xià
judicial department|in|Democratic Party|in full swing|attributive marker|situation
with the judicial department under the Democrats thriving.
似乎 也 半推半就 。
sì hū|yě|bàn tuī bàn jiù
seems|also|half-heartedly push and half-heartedly agree
It seems to be somewhat half-hearted.
而 美国 的 邻国 加拿大 就 几乎 看不到 这种 现象 。
ér|měi guó|de|lín guó|jiā ná dà|jiù|jī hū|kàn bù dào|zhè zhǒng|xiàn xiàng
but|United States|attributive marker|neighboring country|Canada|just|almost|cannot see|this kind of|phenomenon
However, in Canada's neighboring country, the United States, this phenomenon is hardly seen.
这种 现象 的 主要 原因 主要 还 在于 美国 的 选举 制度 。
zhè zhǒng|xiàn xiàng|de|zhǔ yào|yuán yīn|zhǔ yào|hái|zài yú|měi guó|de|xuǎn jǔ|zhì dù
this|phenomenon|attributive marker|main|reason|mainly|still|lies in|United States|attributive marker|election|system
The main reason for this phenomenon mainly lies in the electoral system of the United States.
美国 和 大部分 民主 国家 类似 ,
měi guó|hé|dà bù fen|mín zhǔ|guó jiā|lèi sì
United States|and|most|democratic|countries|similar
The United States is similar to most democratic countries,
采用 的 是 联邦制 ,
cǎi yòng|de|shì|lián bāng zhì
adopt|attributive marker|is|federal system
The adopted system is federalism,
即 地方 和 联邦 分享 宪法 赋予 的 权力 。
jí|dì fāng|hé|lián bāng|fēn xiǎng|xiàn fǎ|fù yǔ|de|quán lì
namely|state|and|federal|share|constitution|grant|attributive marker|powers
which means that local and federal governments share the powers granted by the constitution.
比如 联邦 主管 外交 军事 ,
bǐ rú|lián bāng|zhǔ guǎn|wài jiāo|jūn shì
for example|federal|in charge of|foreign affairs|military
For example, the federal government is responsible for foreign affairs and military,
地方 主管 医疗 教育 ,
dì fāng|zhǔ guǎn|yī liáo|jiào yù
local|in charge of|medical|education
while local governments are responsible for healthcare and education.
各地 按照 自己 需求 制定 法规 ,
gè dì|àn zhào|zì jǐ|xū qiú|zhì dìng|fǎ guī
various places|according to|own|needs|formulate|regulations
Each region formulates regulations according to its own needs,
不能 越权 ,
bù néng|yuè quán
cannot|overstep authority
and cannot exceed its authority,
但 也 没有 等级 之分 ,
dàn|yě|méi yǒu|děng jí|zhī fēn
but|also|no|level|distinction
but there is also no hierarchy,
充分 自治 。
chōng fèn|zì zhì
sufficient|autonomy
allowing for full autonomy.
美国 的 选举 制度 是 赢家 通吃 ,
měi guó|de|xuǎn jǔ|zhì dù|shì|yíng jiā|tōng chī
United States|attributive marker|election|system|is|winner|takes all
The election system in the United States is winner-takes-all,
也 就是 谁 在 某个 州 拿到 多数票 ,
yě|jiù shì|shéi|zài|mǒu gè|zhōu|ná dào|duō shù piào
also|that is|who|in|certain|state|obtain|majority vote
which means whoever gets the majority of votes in a state,
就 全部 包揽 该州 的 选举人 票 。
jiù|quán bù|bāo lǎn|gāi zhōu|de|xuǎn jǔ rén|piào
just|all|monopolize|this state|attributive marker|electoral|votes
takes all the electoral votes of that state.
这 导致 了 美国 始终 是 两大党 轮替 ,
zhè|dǎo zhì|le|měi guó|shǐ zhōng|shì|liǎng dà dǎng|lún tì
this|caused|past tense marker|United States|always|is|two major parties|alternation
This has led to a constant alternation between the two major parties in the United States,
因为 投给 第三者 是 浪费 选票 ,
yīn wèi|tóu gěi|dì sān zhě|shì|làng fèi|xuǎn piào
because|vote for|third party|is|waste|votes
Because voting for a third party is a waste of votes,
没有 任何 意义 。
méi yǒu|rèn hé|yì yì
no|any|meaning
it has no meaning.
同时 总统 选举 也 影响 到 两院 选举 。
tóng shí|zǒng tǒng|xuǎn jǔ|yě|yǐng xiǎng|dào|liǎng yuàn|xuǎn jǔ
at the same time|president|election|also|affect|to|bicameral|election
At the same time, the presidential election also affects the elections for both houses.
在 两党 长期 霸占 各自 的 基本 盘 的 同时 ,
zài|liǎng dǎng|cháng qī|bà zhàn|gè zì|de|jī běn|pán|de|tóng shí
at|two parties|long-term|occupy|respective|attributive marker|basic|plate|attributive marker|at the same time
While both parties have long dominated their respective bases,
各自 深蓝 深红 州 就 会 出现 常胜将军 ,
gè zì|shēn lán|shēn hóng|zhōu|jiù|huì|chū xiàn|cháng shèng jiāng jūn
each|deep blue|deep red|state|then|will|appear|invincible general
Each deep blue and deep red state will have a perennial champion,
只要 党内 没 人 挑战 ,
zhǐ yào|dǎng nèi|méi|rén|tiǎo zhàn
as long as|within the party|no|one|challenge
as long as no one within the party challenges,
每战 必 赢 。
měi zhàn|bì|yíng
every battle|must|win
they will win every battle.
久而久之 就 产生 了 所谓 永久 政治 家族 。
jiǔ ér jiǔ zhī|jiù|chǎn shēng|le|suǒ wèi|yǒng jiǔ|zhèng zhì|jiā zú
over time|then|produce|past tense marker|so-called|permanent|political|family
Over time, this has led to the so-called permanent political family.
监督 基本 靠 媒体 和 司法部门 。
jiān dū|jī běn|kào|méi tǐ|hé|sī fǎ bù mén
supervision|basic|rely on|media|and|judicial department
Supervision mainly relies on the media and the judiciary.
但 媒体 一旦 拉 偏架 后果 就 会 显现 。
dàn|méi tǐ|yī dàn|lā|piān jià|hòu guǒ|jiù|huì|xiǎn xiàn
but|media|once|pull|bias|consequences|then|will|manifest
However, once the media becomes biased, the consequences will become apparent.
而 反观 邻国 加拿大 以及 很多 议会制 国家 ,
ér|fǎn guān|lín guó|jiā ná dà|yǐ jí|hěn duō|yì huì zhì|guó jiā
but|in contrast|neighboring country|Canada|as well as|many|parliamentary|country
In contrast, neighboring Canada and many parliamentary countries,
没有 赢家 通吃 的 说法 ,
méi yǒu|yíng jiā|tōng chī|de|shuō fǎ
no|winner|win everything|attributive marker|saying
there is no notion of a winner takes all.
每个 党 都 在 各 选区 奋战 ,
měi gè|dǎng|dōu|zài|gè|xuǎn qū|fèn zhàn
each|party|all|in|each|electoral district|fight hard
Each party is fighting in various electoral districts,
最后 拿到 最 多 席位 的 党 自动 获得 总理 宝座 。
zuì hòu|ná dào|zuì|duō|xí wèi|de|dǎng|zì dòng|huò dé|zǒng lǐ|bǎo zuò
last|obtain|most|seats|seats|attributive marker|party|automatically|gain|prime minister|throne
and the party that wins the most seats automatically gets the prime minister's position.
所以 加拿大 常年 有 三四个 主流 政党 ,
suǒ yǐ|jiā ná dà|cháng nián|yǒu|sān sì gè|zhǔ liú|zhèng dǎng
so|Canada|year-round|have|three to four|mainstream|political parties
Therefore, Canada usually has three or four mainstream political parties,
而且 轮动 频繁 。
ér qiě|lún dòng|pín fán
moreover|rotation|frequent
and they frequently rotate.
比如 加拿大 保守党 曾经 只 剩下 两个 席位 。
bǐ rú|jiā ná dà|bǎo shǒu dǎng|céng jīng|zhǐ|shèng xià|liǎng gè|xí wèi
for example|Canada|Conservative Party|once|only|remain|two|seats
For example, the Conservative Party of Canada once had only two seats.
这种 自然 的 清洗 从根本上 难以 形成 永久 政治 家族 。
zhè zhǒng|zì rán|de|qīng xǐ|cóng gēn běn shàng|nán yǐ|xíng chéng|yǒng jiǔ|zhèng zhì|jiā zú
this|natural|attributive marker|cleansing|fundamentally|difficult to|form|permanent|political|family
This kind of natural cleansing fundamentally makes it difficult to form a permanent political family.
此外 ,美国 的 两党 属于 大帐篷 党 ,
cǐ wài|měi guó|de|liǎng dǎng|shǔ yú|dà zhàng péng|dǎng
in addition|United States|attributive marker|two parties|belong to|big tent|party
In addition, the two parties in the United States belong to a big tent party,
也 就是 松散 结构 ,
yě|jiù shì|sōng sàn|jié gòu
also|is just|loose|structure
which is a loose structure,
容纳 继续 细分 的 意识 派别 。
róng nà|jì xù|xì fēn|de|yì shí|pài bié
accommodate|continue|subdivide|attributive marker|awareness|factions
Accommodate the awareness of continued subdivision.
比如 共和党 旗下 有 自由 意志 派 、
bǐ rú|gòng hé dǎng|qí xià|yǒu|zì yóu|yì zhì|pài
for example|Republican Party|under|has|libertarian|will|faction
For example, the Republican Party has libertarians,
基督 福音 派 、
jī dū|fú yīn|pài
Christ|gospel|faction
Christian evangelicals,
温和 右派 等等 ,
wēn hé|yòu pài|děng děng
moderate|right-wing|etc
moderate right-wingers, etc.
这 就 导致 了 就算 其中 的 某 分支 另组 新党 ,
zhè|jiù|dǎo zhì|le|jiù suàn|qí zhōng|de|mǒu|fēn zhī|lìng zǔ|xīn dǎng
this|just|lead to|past tense marker|even if|among them|attributive marker|certain|branch|form another|new party
This leads to the situation where even if a certain faction forms a new party,
也 会 被 老党 分散 力量 。
yě|huì|bèi|lǎo dǎng|fēn sàn|lì liàng
also|will|be|old party|disperse|power
it will still be weakened by the old party.
另外 美国 两党 架构 松散 没有 党魁 ,
lìng wài|měi guó|liǎng dǎng|jià gòu|sōng sǎn|méi yǒu|dǎng kuí
in addition|United States|two parties|structure|loose|without|party leader
Additionally, the two-party structure in the United States is loose and lacks a party leader,
无法 像 加拿大 那样 定期 竞选 党魁 。
wú fǎ|xiàng|jiā ná dà|nà yàng|dìng qī|jìng xuǎn|dǎng kuí
unable|like|Canada|that way|regularly|run for election|party leader
making it impossible to regularly elect a party leader like in Canada.
而 党魁 可以 决定 每个 选区 选出 的 候选人
ér|dǎng kuī|kě yǐ|jué dìng|měi gè|xuǎn qū|xuǎn chū|de|hòu xuǎn rén
but|party leader|can|decide|each|electoral district|elect|attributive marker|candidates
The party leader can decide the candidates selected from each electoral district.
是否 可以 代表 本 党 出战 ,
shì fǒu|kě yǐ|dài biǎo|běn|dǎng|chū zhàn
whether|can|represent|this|party|go to battle
Whether they can represent the party in the election,
也 就 可以 筛选 掉 问题 人士 。
yě|jiù|kě yǐ|shāi xuǎn|diào|wèn tí|rén shì
also|then|can|filter|out|problematic|individuals
can also filter out problematic individuals.
美式 民主 另外 一个 问题 就是 硅谷 的 高科技 巨头 。
měi shì|mín zhǔ|lìng wài|yī gè|wèn tí|jiù shì|guī gǔ|de|gāo kē jì|jù tóu
American-style|democracy|another|one|problem|is|Silicon Valley|attributive marker|high-tech|giant
Another issue with American democracy is the tech giants of Silicon Valley.
推特 脸书 的 出现 也 就 十几年 而已 ,
tuī tè|liǎn shū|de|chū xiàn|yě|jiù|shí jǐ nián|ér yǐ
Twitter|Facebook|attributive marker|appearance|also|only|more than ten years|only
The emergence of Twitter and Facebook has only been for a little over a decade,
但 美国 两百年 前 的 宪法
dàn|měi guó|liǎng bǎi nián|qián|de|xiàn fǎ
but|America|two hundred years|ago|attributive marker|constitution
but the Constitution of the United States from two hundred years ago
以及 保障 言论 的 第一 修正案 根本 没 预料到 这些 媒体 巨兽 ,
yǐ jí|bǎo zhàng|yán lùn|de|dì yī|xiū zhèng àn|gēn běn|méi|yù liào dào|zhè xiē|méi tǐ|jù shòu
and|protect|speech|attributive marker|first|amendment|fundamentally|not|anticipate|these|media|giants
and the First Amendment that guarantees free speech did not anticipate these media giants at all,
充其量 也 就是 全国性 大报 和 地方 电台 。
chōng qí liàng|yě|jiù shì|quán guó xìng|dà bào|hé|dì fāng|diàn tái
at most|also|just|national|major newspapers|and|local|radio stations
at most, they were just national newspapers and local radio stations.
主流 媒体 虽然 偏左 ,
zhǔ liú|méi tǐ|suī rán|piān zuǒ
mainstream|media|although|left-leaning
Mainstream media is generally left-leaning,
但 至少 还有 右派 媒体 制衡 。
dàn|zhì shǎo|hái yǒu|yòu pài|méi tǐ|zhì héng
but|at least|still have|right-wing|media|checks and balances
but at least there are right-wing media to provide checks and balances.
而 美国 互联网 巨头 走遍 全球 都 无 对手 。
ér|měi guó|hù lián wǎng|jù tóu|zǒu biàn|quán qiú|dōu|wú|duì shǒu
but|United States|internet|giant|travel around|globe|all|no|rival
And American internet giants have no competitors globally.
高科技 公司 工作 的 员工 大多数 偏左 ,
gāo kē jì|gōng sī|gōng zuò|de|yuán gōng|dà duō shù|piān zuǒ
high-tech|company|work|attributive marker|employees|most|lean left
Most employees in high-tech companies are left-leaning,
他们 可以 集体 左右 平台 的 行为 。
tā men|kě yǐ|jí tǐ|zuǒ yòu|píng tái|de|xíng wéi
they|can|collectively|around|platform|attributive marker|behavior
They can collectively influence the behavior of the platform.
这次 亚马逊 移除 保守派 社交 平台 的 服务器 ,
zhè cì|yà mǎ xùn|yí chú|bǎo shǒu pài|shè jiāo|píng tái|de|fú wù qì
this time|Amazon|remove|conservative|social|platform|attributive marker|servers
This time, Amazon removed the servers of the conservative social platform,
就是 其 员工 集体 施压 的 结果 。
jiù shì|qí|yuán gōng|jí tǐ|shī yā|de|jié guǒ
it is|its|employees|collectively|pressure|attributive marker|result
which is the result of collective pressure from its employees.
美国 早年 通过 的 二三 零 条款 又 导致 科技 公司 审查 内容 ,
měi guó|zǎo nián|tōng guò|de|èr sān|líng|tiáo kuǎn|yòu|dǎo zhì|kē jì|gōng sī|shěn chá|nèi róng
United States|early years|through|attributive marker|two or three|zero|clauses|also|lead to|technology|company|review|content
The Section 230 provisions passed in the early years in the U.S. have led to tech companies censoring content.
再 加上 网络 巨头 们 不由 选票 选出 没有 监督 ,
zài|jiā shàng|wǎng luò|jù tóu|men|bù yóu|xuǎn piào|xuǎn chū|méi yǒu|jiān dū
again|plus|internet|giants|plural marker|cannot help but|ballots|elect|without|supervision
Moreover, the internet giants are elected without supervision by the votes.
所以 更加 肆无忌惮 。
suǒ yǐ|gèng jiā|sì wú jì dàn
so|even more|unrestrained
So they are even more unscrupulous.
这次 选举 前 他们 公然 审查 亨特 拜登 的 硬盘 丑闻 ,
zhè cì|xuǎn jǔ|qián|tā men|gōng rán|shěn chá|hēng tè|bài dēng|de|yìng pán|chǒu wén
this time|election|before|they|openly|scrutinize|Hunter|Biden|attributive marker|hard drive|scandal
Before this election, they openly censored the Hunter Biden hard drive scandal.
选后 可以 封杀 另 一派 声音 。
xuǎn hòu|kě yǐ|fēng shā|lìng|yī pài|shēng yīn
after the election|can|silence|another|faction|voice
After the election, they can silence another faction's voice.
这 显然 是 对 民主 的 伤害 。
zhè|xiǎn rán|shì|duì|mín zhǔ|de|shāng hài
this|obviously|is|to|democracy|attributive marker|harm
This is clearly a harm to democracy.
和 很多 民主 国家 类似 ,
hé|hěn duō|mín zhǔ|guó jiā|lèi sì
and|many|democratic|country|similar
Similar to many democratic countries,
美国 的 选举法 虽然 对于 政治 捐款 也 有限制 ,
měi guó|de|xuǎn jǔ fǎ|suī rán|duì yú|zhèng zhì|juān kuǎn|yě|yǒu xiàn zhì
United States|attributive marker|election law|although|regarding|political|donations|also|have restrictions
the election laws in the United States also have restrictions on political donations,
比如 个人 对 每场 选举 的 捐款 不得 超过 2700 元 ,
bǐ rú|gè rén|duì|měi chǎng|xuǎn jǔ|de|juān kuǎn|bù dé|chāo guò|yuán
for example|individual|to|each|election|attributive marker|donations|must not|exceed|yuan
for example, individual donations to each election cannot exceed $2,700.
以 防止 金钱 压 过 公众 意见 。
yǐ|fáng zhǐ|jīn qián|yā|guò|gōng zhòng|yì jiàn
in order to|prevent|money|suppress|over|public|opinion
to prevent money from overwhelming public opinion.
但 个人 则 可以 无限 使用 自己 的 腰包 ,
dàn|gè rén|zé|kě yǐ|wú xiàn|shǐ yòng|zì jǐ|de|yāo bāo
but|individual|then|can|unlimited|use|own|attributive marker|waist bag
But individuals can use their own wallets without limit,
尽管 都 得 上报 。
jǐn guǎn|dōu|děi|shàng bào
despite|all|must|report
although they all have to be reported.
美式 民主 另 一个 奇葩 之 处
měi shì|mín zhǔ|lìng|yī gè|qí pā|zhī|chù
American-style|democracy|another|one|oddity|of|place
Another peculiarity of American democracy.
就是 在 很多 州 投票 可以 不 出示 证件 ,
jiù shì|zài|hěn duō|zhōu|tóu piào|kě yǐ|bù|chū shì|zhèng jiàn
just|in|many|states|vote|can|not|show|ID
In many states, voting can be done without showing identification,
简单 签 个 名 就 行 ,
jiǎn dān|qiān|gè|míng|jiù|xíng
simple|sign|one|name|just|fine
just a simple signature is enough,
尤其 是 在 民主党 州 。
yóu qí|shì|zài|mín zhǔ dǎng|zhōu
especially|is|in|Democratic Party|state
especially in Democratic states.
而 几乎 所有 其他 国家 的 投票 必须 出示 证件 ,
ér|jī hū|suǒ yǒu|qí tā|guó jiā|de|tóu piào|bì xū|chū shì|zhèng jiàn
but|almost|all|other|countries|attributive marker|voting|must|show|identification
In almost all other countries, voting must be done with identification,
这 算是 基本 要求 。
zhè|suàn shì|jī běn|yāo qiú
this|counts as|basic|requirement
This is considered a basic requirement.
民主党 认为 如果 要求 出示 证件 ,
mín zhǔ dǎng|rèn wéi|rú guǒ|yāo qiú|chū shì|zhèng jiàn
Democratic Party|believes|if|demand|show|identification
The Democratic Party believes that if identification is required,
由于 很多 人 并 没有 驾照 等 证件 ,
yóu yú|hěn duō|rén|bìng|méi yǒu|jià zhào|děng|zhèng jiàn
due to|many|people|not|have|driver's license|and other|documents
since many people do not have a driver's license or other identification,
就 会 抑制 选民 投票 的 积极性 。
jiù|huì|yì zhì|xuǎn mín|tóu piào|de|jī jí xìng
just|will|suppress|voters|vote|attributive marker|enthusiasm
it will suppress voter turnout.
然而 这么 一来 确实 造成 了 一些 舞弊 现象 ,
rán ér|zhè me|yī lái|què shí|zào chéng|le|yī xiē|wǔ bì|xiàn xiàng
however|this way|one aspect|indeed|cause|past tense marker|some|cheating|phenomenon
However, this indeed has caused some fraudulent phenomena,
也 会 导致 越来越 多 的 人 对 选举 失去 信心 。
yě|huì|dǎo zhì|yuè lái yuè|duō|de|rén|duì|xuǎn jǔ|shī qù|xìn xīn
also|will|cause|more and more|many|attributive marker|people|towards|elections|lose|confidence
and it will also lead to more and more people losing confidence in the elections.
此外 这次 使用 的 多米诺 投票 机器 也 被 广泛 质疑 ,
cǐ wài|zhè cì|shǐ yòng|de|duō mǐ nuò|tóu piào|jī qì|yě|bèi|guǎng fàn|zhì yí
in addition|this time|use|attributive marker|domino|voting|machine|also|by|widely|questioned
In addition, the domino voting machines used this time have also been widely questioned,
而 研发 该 机器 的 加拿大 却 从来 不 用 。
ér|yán fā|gāi|jī qì|de|jiā ná dà|què|cóng lái|bù|yòng
but|develop|this|machine|attributive marker|Canada|however|never|not|use
while Canada, which developed the machine, has never used it.
这些 事 平时 也许 影响 不大 ,
zhè xiē|shì|píng shí|yě xǔ|yǐng xiǎng|bù dà
these|things|usually|maybe|affect|not much
These issues may not have a significant impact in normal times,
但 在 政治 两极化 时 问题 全都 显现 。
dàn|zài|zhèng zhì|liǎng jí huà|shí|wèn tí|quán dōu|xiǎn xiàn
but|in|political|polarization|time|problems|all|manifest
but all problems become apparent during political polarization.
两百年 的 美式 民主 的确 问题 很多 。
liǎng bǎi nián|de|měi shì|mín zhǔ|dí què|wèn tí|hěn duō
two hundred years|attributive marker|American-style|democracy|indeed|problems|many
Indeed, American democracy has many problems after two hundred years.
不过 阴霾 的 背后 纠偏 始终 存在 。
bú guò|yīn mái|de|bèi hòu|jiū piān|shǐ zhōng|cún zài
however|haze|attributive marker|behind|correction|always|exist
However, there has always been a correction behind the haze.
目前 已有 议员 提出 要 对 选举法 进行 修正 ,
mù qián|yǐ yǒu|yì yuán|tí chū|yào|duì|xuǎn jǔ fǎ|jìn xíng|xiū zhèng
currently|already|member of parliament|propose|to|to|election law|to conduct|amendment
Currently, some lawmakers have proposed to amend the election law,
以 确保 选举 过程 公正 。
yǐ|què bǎo|xuǎn jǔ|guò chéng|gōng zhèng
in order to|ensure|election|process|fairness
to ensure the fairness of the election process.
也 有人 提出 即将 展开 对 科技 巨头 的 立法 ,
yě|yǒu rén|tí chū|jí jiāng|zhǎn kāi|duì|kē jì|jù tóu|de|lì fǎ
also|some people|propose|about to|launch|against|technology|giants|attributive marker|legislation
There are also proposals to soon legislate against tech giants,
规范 平台 行为 。
guī fàn|píng tái|xíng wéi
standard|platform|behavior
to regulate platform behavior.
此外 还 可以 从 反垄断法 着手 处理 。
cǐ wài|hái|kě yǐ|cóng|fǎn lǒng duàn fǎ|zhuó shǒu|chǔ lǐ
in addition|also|can|from|antitrust law|start|deal with
In addition, it can also be addressed through antitrust law.
当然 更 有人 提出 重塑 全球 贸易 体系 。
dāng rán|gèng|yǒu rén|tí chū|chóng sù|quán qiú|mào yì|tǐ xì
of course|even more|some people|propose|reshape|global|trade|system
Of course, some have proposed reshaping the global trade system.
所以 也 有 说 美国 近期 的 现象 属于 纠偏 过程 中的 免疫 风暴 ,
suǒ yǐ|yě|yǒu|shuō|měi guó|jìn qī|de|xiàn xiàng|shǔ yú|jiū piān|guò chéng|zhōng de|miǎn yì|fēng bào
so|also|have|say|America|recent|attributive marker|phenomenon|belong to|correction|process|in|immune|storm
So there are also claims that the recent phenomena in the United States belong to an immune storm in the process of correction,
似乎 也 有 一定 的 道理 。
sì hū|yě|yǒu|yī dìng|de|dào lǐ
seems|also|have|certain|attributive marker|reason
which seems to have some validity.
我们 可以 看到 新 的 力量 窜起 制衡 旧 的 力量 。
wǒ men|kě yǐ|kàn dào|xīn|de|lì liàng|cuàn qǐ|zhì héng|jiù|de|lì liàng
we|can|see|new|attributive marker|power|surge up|balance|old|attributive marker|power
We can see new forces rising to balance the old forces.
我们 讲 了 不少 美式 民主 的 弊端 ,
wǒ men|jiǎng|le|bù shǎo|měi shì|mín zhǔ|de|bì duān
we|talk|past tense marker|quite a few|American-style|democracy|attributive marker|drawbacks
We have talked about many drawbacks of American-style democracy,
也 给 各国 带来 了 教训 和 经验 。
yě|gěi|gè guó|dài lái|le|jiào xùn|hé|jīng yàn
also|give|various countries|bring|past tense marker|lessons|and|experience
which have also brought lessons and experiences to various countries.
事实上 ,
shì shí shàng
in fact
In fact,
从 时间 上 看 所有 国家 的 制度 都 在 不断 的 改进 ,
cóng|shíjiān|shàng|kān|suǒyǒu|guójiā|de|zhìdù|dōu|zài|bùduàn|de|gǎijìn
From a temporal perspective, all countries' systems are constantly improving,
有 快 有 慢 ,
yǒu|kuài|yǒu|màn
have|fast|have|slow
some faster, some slower,
当然 也 有 的 在 退步 。
dāng rán|yě|yǒu|de|zài|tuì bù
of course|also|have|attributive marker|at|regress
and of course, some are regressing.
中国 目前 的 状态 看上去 的确 比 美国 平和 的 多 。
zhōng guó|mù qián|de|zhuàng tài|kàn shàng qù|de què|bǐ|měi guó|píng hé|de|duō
China|currently|attributive marker|state|seem|indeed|than|America|peaceful|attributive marker|more
China's current state indeed appears to be much more peaceful than that of the United States.
当 美国 在 争论 失望 的 工薪 阶级 、科技 巨头 不公正 的 审查 ,
dāng|měi guó|zài|zhēng lùn|shī wàng|de|gōng xīn|jiē jí|kē jì|jù tóu|bù gōng zhèng|de|shěn chá
when|America|in|debate|disappointment|attributive marker|wage|class|technology|giants|unfair|attributive marker|scrutiny
While the United States debates the disillusioned working class, the unfair scrutiny of tech giants,
以及 腐败 的 政客 的 同时 ,
yǐ jí|fǔ bài|de|zhèng kè|de|tóng shí
and|corruption|attributive marker|politician|attributive marker|at the same time
and corrupt politicians,
我们 隔岸 观火 。
wǒ men|gé àn|guān huǒ
we|from across the shore|watch the fire
we watch from the sidelines.
但是 ,面对 国内 越来越 强 的 高科技 审查 和 监控 、
dàn shì|miàn duì|guó nèi|yuè lái yuè|qiáng|de|gāo kē jì|shěn chá|hé|jiān kòng
but|facing|domestic|increasingly|strong|attributive marker|high-tech|scrutiny|and|surveillance
However, in the face of increasingly strong domestic high-tech scrutiny and surveillance,
自由空间 被 压缩 、
zì yóu kōng jiān|bèi|yā suō
free space|by|compressed
Free space is being compressed,
广大 工薪 弱势 地位 的 当下 ,
guǎng dà|gōng xīn|ruò shì|dì wèi|de|dāng xià
vast|salary|disadvantaged|position|attributive marker|current situation
In the current situation of the vast working class and the disadvantaged,
也 该 想想 如何 做 才能 让 中国 更加 改进 ,
yě|gāi|xiǎng xiǎng|rú hé|zuò|cái néng|ràng|zhōng guó|gèng jiā|gǎi jìn
also|should|think about|how|do|can|make|China|more|improve
we should also think about how to improve China,
这 也 是 这个 频道 的 初衷 。
zhè|yě|shì|zhè ge|pín dào|de|chū zhōng
this|also|is|this|channel|attributive marker|original intention
this is also the original intention of this channel.
以上 就是 对 美国 大选 和 民主 的 讨论 ,
yǐ shàng|jiù shì|duì|měi guó|dà xuǎn|hé|mín zhǔ|de|tǎo lùn
above|just|regarding|United States|election|and|democracy|attributive marker|discussion
The above is a discussion on the U.S. election and democracy.
欢迎 大家 点赞 订阅 ,谢谢 大家 。
huān yíng|dà jiā|diǎn zàn|dìng yuè|xiè xiè|dà jiā
welcome|everyone|like|subscribe|thank you|everyone
Thank you all for liking and subscribing.
ai_request(all=378 err=0.00%) translation(all=302 err=0.00%) cwt(all=2056 err=1.41%)
en:AsVK4RNK:250526
openai.2025-02-07
SENT_CWT:AsVK4RNK=61.02 PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=10.04