“过渡 主席 ”华国锋 逼宫 退位 始末 ｜ The Overthrow of Hua Guofeng in 1978 [Eng Sub] "Der Sturz von Hua Guofeng im Jahr 1978 [Eng Sub] "The Overthrow of Hua Guofeng in 1978 [Eng Sub] "Le renversement de Hua Guofeng en 1978 [Eng Sub]

欢迎 进入 一个 带 你 解读 世界 的 频道 Welcome to a channel that takes you to read the world

前不久 官方 高调 纪念 华国锋 Not long ago the official high-profile commemoration of Hua Guofeng

很多 小伙伴 提问 表示 不解 Many small partners asked questions and expressed incomprehension

不过 这 也 不难理解 But it's not hard to understand

邓 时代 已经 宣告 结束 The Deng era has come to an end

新 时代 有 借助 毛 时代 巩固 统治 的 迹象 The new era shows signs of consolidating its rule with the help of Mao era

我 在 邓 时代 的 视频 里 也 提过 I also mentioned it in the video of Deng era

视频 后面 还会 分析 The video will be analyzed later

华国锋 是 毛 时代 的 红人 之一 Hua Guofeng was one of the celebrities of the Mao era

毛 当年 有过 遗言 Mao had his last words

你 办事 我 放心 I can rest assured that you do things

有些 人 以为 这句 话 是 毛 形容 周恩来 Some people think that this sentence is Mao's description of Zhou Enlai

这 其实 是 误传 This is actually a misinformation

1976 年 毛泽东 已经 病重 Mao Zedong was seriously ill in 1976

开口 很 不 方便 It is very inconvenient to open the mouth

因此 会 在 纸条 上 写下 要说 的 内容 So I will write down what I want to say on the note

在 最后 阶段 的 某天 One day in the final stage

毛给 华国锋 留下 三张 纸条 Mao left three notes to Hua Guofeng

内容 分别 是 The contents are

“ 照过去 的 方针 办 ” "Follow the past policy"

“ 慢慢来 不要 着急 ” "Take your time don't worry "

以及 最 重要 的 “ 你 办事 我 放心 ” And the most important thing "I feel at ease when you do things "

这些 纸条 后来 在 江青 受审 时 得到 证实 These notes were later confirmed during Jiang Qing's trial

只不过 后面 还有 一句 Except that there is another sentence behind it

有 问题 找 江青 If you have any questions ask Jiang Qing

相比 党内 元老 如 邓小平 习仲勋 Compared with the party elders such as Deng Xiaoping Xi Zhongxun

华国锋 的 发迹 算是 相当 晚 Hua Guofeng made his fortune quite late

和 胡赵 类似 Similar to Hu Zhao

算是 后起之秀 Be regarded as a rising star

1959 年 “ 彭黄 张周 反党集团 ” 被 拿下 In 1959 "Peng Huang Zhang Zhou Anti-Party Group" was won

华国锋 刚 升任 湘潭 地委书记 Hua Guofeng has just been promoted to Xiangtan District Party Committee Secretary

湘潭 是 毛 的 老家 Xiangtan is Mao's hometown

在 这 期间 他 主持 “ 韶山 毛泽东 陈列馆 ” 的 建设 During this period he presided over the construction of "Shaoshan Mao Zedong Exhibition Hall"

赢得 毛 的 好感 Win Mao's favor

文革 后 华国锋 火速 升 为 湖南 第一书记 After the Cultural Revolution Hua Guofeng was quickly promoted to the first secretary of Hunan

兼 广东 军区 政委 And Political Commissar of Guangdong Military Region

1971 年 毛 突然 南巡 Mao suddenly made a southern tour in 1971

公开 他 与 林彪 的 矛盾 Publicize his contradiction with Lin Biao

并 通知 了 华国锋 And informed Hua Guofeng

我 在 林彪 视频 里 也 有 提到 I also mentioned it in Lin Biao's video

1971 年林 事变 后 华国锋 被 调任 中央 Hua Guofeng was transferred to the central government after the Lin Incident in 1971

担任 公安部长 Serve as Minister of Public Security

也就是说 That is to say

华国锋 从 进入 中央 到 接班 仅仅 过 了 五年 It has only been five years since Hua Guofeng entered the central government and took over

党史 也 是 内斗史 Party history is also a history of infighting

大家 都 不 陌生 Everyone is no stranger

华国锋 作为 长期 局外人 士 当然 看到 其中 的 残酷 Hua Guofeng as a long-term outsider certainly saw the cruelty

所以 他 也 表现 的 很 聪明 So he was smart too

在 随后 的 五年 内 In the next five years

华国锋 目睹 邓系 和 四人帮 的 斗法 Hua Guofeng witnessed the fighting between Deng and the Gang of Four

从不 站队 Never take sides

他 自称 只 忠于 毛主席 He claimed to be loyal only to Chairman Mao

这种 策略 让 华国锋 逐渐 脱引 而 出 This strategy gradually led Hua Guofeng out

成为 毛 身边 的 红人 Become the red man around Mao

以及 各 派系 都 想 拉拢 的 对象 And the objects that all factions want to win over

1976 年 1 月 周恩来 去世 Zhou Enlai died in January 1976

毛 提议 华国锋 担任 国家 总理 Mao proposed that Hua Guofeng be the prime minister of the country

1976 年 4 月 April 1976

北京 爆发 纪念 周恩来 Beijing Outbreak Commemorates Zhou Enlai

反对 四人帮 的 四五事件 Oppose the April 5 Incident of the Gang of Four

华国锋 按毛 的 意图 清场 了 抗议 群众 Hua Guofeng cleared the protesters according to Mao's intention

并称 邓小平 为 幕后 主使 And called Deng Xiaoping the mastermind behind the scenes

三天 后 Three days later

毛 撤销 了 邓小平 的 一切 职务 Mao removed Deng Xiaoping from all his posts

并 正式 确认 华国锋 为 毛 的 接班人 And officially confirmed Hua Guofeng as Mao's successor

毛 早前 指定 了 “ 毛主席 话 是 真理 ” 的 林彪 接班 Mao earlier appointed Lin Biao who "Chairman Mao's words are the truth" to take over

后 又 指定 四人帮 Later appointed the Gang of Four

临终前 选择 了 华国锋 I chose Hua Guofeng before I died

毛 希望 红色 江山 永不 变色 Mao hopes that the red country will never change color

1976 年 9 月 9 日 毛泽东 去世 Mao Zedong died on September 9 1976

华国锋 正式 接班 Hua Guofeng officially took over

同时 担任 中共 党 主席 和 国家 总理 兼 军委主席 At the same time he served as Chairman of the Communist Party of China Prime Minister and Chairman of

身兼 毛周 两人 职务 He is also in the position of Mao Zhou

当时 国家 主席 已 被 废除 At that time the president of the country had been abolished

华国锋 可谓 权力 空前 Hua Guofeng has unprecedented power

前面 我们 说 过 As we said earlier

华国锋 是 中间派 从不 站队 Hua Guofeng is a centrist and never takes sides

此刻 摆在 他 面前 的 有 两大 派系 There are two major factions before him at the moment

左派 要 坚持 ” 共产主义 革命 路线 ” The Left Should Adhere to the "Communist Revolutionary Line"

包括 曾经 的 四人帮 Including the former Gang of Four

右派 希望 走 资本主义 市场经济 The Rightists hope to take the capitalist market economy

主要 是 邓系 Mainly Deng system

包括 叶剑英 陈云 李先念 等等 Including Ye Jianying Chen Yun Li Xiannian and so on

当时 左派 无 军权 也 无人 心 At that time the left had no military power and no people's hearts

右派 尚有 不少 军头 The Rightists still have quite a few army leaders

按理说 华国锋 应 主动 平衡 左右两派 It stands to reason that Hua Guofeng should take the initiative to balance the left and right factions

不能 让 一派 独 大 You can't let one faction dominate

两派 互斗 The two factions fought against each other

皇帝 才 可 坐 稳 江山 Only the emperor can secure the country

这是 自古 帝王 之术 This is the art of emperors since ancient times

当然 还有 另 一种 做法 There is of course another way

希特勒 式 极权主义 Hitler totalitarianism

全国上下 定于一尊 The whole country is set in one statue

显然 华国锋 并 无 如此 能耐 Obviously Hua Guofeng is not so capable

华国锋 的 特点 是 胆魄 过人 Hua Guofeng is characterized by great boldness

但 谋略 不足 But the strategy is insufficient

当时 站 在 邓系 一边 的 汪东兴 称 四人帮 准备 动手 夺权 At that time Wang Dongxing who was on Deng's side said that the Gang of Four was ready to seize power

需 先下手为强 It is necessary to start first

汪东兴 是 中央办公厅 主任 Wang Dongxing is the director of the General Office of the Central Committee

掌握 中央 警备 局 Master the Central Guard Bureau

类似 后来 的 令 计划 和 栗 战书 Similar to the later Ling Jihua and Li Zhanshu

华国锋 和 李先念 认为 Hua Guofeng and Li Xiannian believe that

在 政治局 上 表决 拿下 四人帮 有把握 We are sure to win the Gang of Four by voting in the Politburo

但 在 中央全会 上 并 没把握 But I was not sure at the Central Plenary Session

也 就是 通过 政治 手段 并 不 可行 That is it is not feasible through political means

需要 采取 强力 手段 Strong measures are needed

建国 后 党内斗争 不断 After the founding of the People's Republic of China the inner-

但 通过 军变 直接 清除 对手 除了 林立果 外 并 无先例 However there is no precedent for directly removing opponents through military changes except Lin Liguo

因此 陈云 很 犹豫 So Chen Yun hesitated

但 表示 下不为例 But it means it won't happen again

10 月 6 日 也 就是 毛 去世 后 的 一个月 October 6th is one month after Mao died

政变 计划 开始 The coup plan began

由 汪东兴 负责 抓捕 Wang Dongxing is responsible for the arrest

华国锋 以 讨论 《 毛选 》 为名 Hua Guofeng discussed Mao Xuan in the name of

召集 王洪文 张春桥 姚文元 到 怀仁堂 开会 Convene Wang Hongwen Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan to Huairentang for a meeting

随即 拿下 三人 Immediately won three people

同时 江青 和 毛远新 也 被 控制 At the same time Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin were also controlled

华国锋 派 耿飚 等 人 连夜 控制 了 中央人民广播电台 和 人民日报社 等 机关 Hua Guofeng sent Geng Biao and others to control China National Radio and People's Daily overnight

耿飚 也 是 习 早年 实习 的 上司 Geng Biao is also the boss of Xi's early internship

这是 一场 闪电 政变 This is a lightning coup

史称 “ 怀仁堂 政变 ” History calls it "Huairentang Coup"

紧接着 华国锋 接管 四人帮 的 根据地 上海 Then Hua Guofeng took over Shanghai the base of the Gang of Four

并 祭出 了 毛 给 他 的 小 纸条 “ 你 办事 我 放心 ” And sacrificed Mao's small note to him "I'm at ease when you do things "

并 掐 去 了 后 半句 “ 有 问题 找 江青 ” And choked off the second half of the sentence "If you have a problem find Jiang Qing "

来 证明 其 执政 的 绝对 合法性 To prove the absolute legitimacy of his administration

10 月 14 日 14 October

中央 公布 粉碎 四人帮 的 消息 The Central Committee announced the smashing of the Gang of Four

全国 欢声 沸腾 The whole country is boiling with joy

毛 去世 之后 的 沉闷 局面 一扫而空 After Mao's death the dreary situation was swept away

各界 欢呼 英明领袖 People from all walks of life cheered the wise leader

因 华国锋 是 毛 生前 钦定 Because Hua Guofeng was appointed by Mao before his death

拥毛 几乎 是 其 合法性 的 唯一 来源 Hair-holding is almost the only source of its legitimacy

华国锋 必须 继续 挺 毛 Hua Guofeng must continue to be hairy

党内外 精英 层苦 毛 已久 The elite inside and outside the Party has suffered for a long time

但 民间 挺 毛者 甚众 But there are many folk hairs

和 今天 也 很 类似 It's very similar to today

于是 华国锋 提出 两个凡是 So Hua Guofeng put forward two whatevers

即 凡是 毛主席 作出 的 决策 我们 都 坚决 维护 That is we firmly uphold all decisions made by Chairman Mao

凡是 毛主席 的 指示 我们 都 始终不渝 地 遵循 We will unswervingly follow Chairman Mao's instructions

党内 高层 的 凡是 派 主要 包括 汪东兴 纪登奎 陈永贵 等 人 All factions at the top of the party mainly include Wang Dongxing Ji Dengkui Chen Yonggui and others

在经济上 Economically

华国锋 主张 结束 文革 混乱 Hua Guofeng advocates ending the chaos of the Cultural Revolution

恢复 生产 Resume production

引进外资 和 技术 Introduce foreign capital and technology

并 学习 东欧 的 市场 社会主义 And learn from market socialism in Eastern Europe

这 和 邓小平 后来 的 全盘 资化 有所区别 This is different from Deng Xiaoping's later overall capitalization

但 也 算是 逐步 的 经济 开放 But it can also be regarded as gradual economic opening

在政治上 In politics

对 华国锋 的 个人崇拜 开始 形成 The personality cult of Hua Guofeng began to take shape

华国锋 的 画像 与 毛 并列 悬挂 Hua Guofeng's portrait hangs side by side with Mao

各大 媒体 均 以 英明领袖 作其 代称 All major media are called wise leaders

其他 还 包括 修改 国歌 Others include revising the national anthem

比如 歌词 被 修改 为 “ 我们 万众一心 高举 毛泽东 旗帜 ” For example the lyrics were revised to "We hold high the banner of Mao Zedong with one heart"

然而 好景不长 However the good times didn't last long

由于 华国锋 无条件 挺 毛 Because Hua Guofeng is unconditionally hairy

事实上 阻碍 了 党内 干部 的 平反 In fact it hindered the rehabilitation of party cadres

党内 开始 滋生 不满 Discontent began to breed within the party

华国锋 没 顶住 党内 元老 们 的 求情 Hua Guofeng did not resist the intercession of the party elders

于 1977 年 让 邓小平 在 元老 们 的 簇拥 下 正式 复出 In 1977 Deng Xiaoping officially came back surrounded by elders

放虎归山 Release the tiger back to the mountain

党内 的 力量 开始 向 邓系 右派 倾斜 The power within the Party began to tilt towards the Deng Rightists

华国锋 亲手 铲除 了 左派 Hua Guofeng personally eradicated the leftists

也 直接 导致 了 朝堂 之上 右派 一支 独 大 It also directly led to the dominance of the Rightists above the court

直接 挑战 其 本人 Challenge himself directly

此外 ， 国际形势 也 发生 了 变化 In addition the international situation has also changed

苏联 在 资本 和 社会主义 两大阵营 的 较量 中 In the contest between the two camps of capital and socialism the Soviet Union

逐渐 显现 颓势 Gradually show a decline

1979 年 苏军 入侵 阿富汗 更是 加速 苏联 的 衰亡 The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 accelerated the decline of the Soviet Union

1980 年 里根 上台 Reagan came to power in 1980

誓言 改守 为攻 Vow to change defense to attack

发动 星球大战 Start Star Wars

铲除 邪恶 帝国 Eradicate the evil empire

中国 这边 经济 搞 了 三十年 也 毫无 起色 China's economy has not improved for 30 years

建国 后 成长 起来 的 一代人 经历 了 十年 的 混乱 The generation that grew up after the founding of the People's Republic of China experienced ten years of chaos

也 觉得 毛式 路线 不见 光亮 I also feel that the Maoist route is out of light

毛式 领袖 崇拜 逐渐 失去 光环 Mao-style leader worship gradually lost its aura

这 是 大 背景 This is the big background

1978 年 党内 力量 的 对比 开始 转变 In 1978 the balance of power within the party began to change

5 月 ， 光明日报 发表 《 实践 是 检验 真理 的 唯一标准 》 In May Guangming Daily published "Practice is the only criterion for testing truth"

该文 在 全国 各地 产生 巨大 影响 This article has a great influence all over the country

全国 展开 一系列 大 讨论 A series of big discussions have been launched throughout the country

长期 受 迷惑 的 人们 开始 解放思想 People who have been confused for a long time began to emancipate their minds

“ 两个凡是 ” 开始 被 人们 怀疑 攻击 The "two whatevers" began to be suspected and attacked by people

求是 派 与 凡是 派 展开 权力斗争 The Qiushi School launched a power struggle with the Fan School

本质 是 基于 治国 方针 的 政治 斗争 The essence is a political struggle based on the policy of governing the country

主张 “ 实践 是 唯一标准 ” 的 邓小平 Deng Xiaoping who advocates that "practice is the only standard"

渐渐 在 舆论 和 高层 中 掌握主动 Gradually take the initiative in public opinion and high-level officials

华国锋 本是 后起之秀 Hua Guofeng is a rising star

既 无 谋略 也 无 军队 也 不是 一尊 No strategy no army no statue

全靠 毛 的 光环 All by the aura of hair

在 邓系 的 强势 出击 下 Under the strong attack of Deng Department

根本 不是 对手 No match at all

1978 年 12 月 18 日 December 1978

十一届三中全会 在 北京 开幕 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee opened in Beijing

华国锋 的 两个凡是 被 抛弃 Hua Guofeng's two whatevers were abandoned

两个凡是 被 指为 不 符合 马克思主义 The two whatevers are accused of not conforming to Marxism

会上 确定 下 一届 领导层 The next leadership was determined at the meeting

华国锋 人马 悉数 落选 Hua Guofeng's men were all defeated

而 邓系 人马 纷纷 进入 核心层 And Deng people have entered the core layer one after another

包括 后来 的 胡赵 Including later Hu Zhao

华国锋 手 无 军权 Hua Guofeng has no military power

而 邓系 的 叶剑英 掌握 军队 Ye Jianying of Deng Department holds the army

华国锋 敢怒不敢言 ， 大势已去 Hua Guofeng dares to be angry and dare not say that the general trend has gone

枪 指挥 党 还是 党 指挥 枪 至今 仍 是 党史 研究 的 谜团 之一 Whether the gun commands the party or the party commands the gun is still one of the mysteries in the study of party history

这 也 是 后来者 一定 要 先 掌握 军队 的 主要 原因 This is also the main reason why the latecomers must master the army first

十一届三中全会 之后 After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

华国锋 的 权力 不断 被 元老 们 削弱 Hua Guofeng's power has been continuously weakened by the elders

1980 年 8 月 August 1980

华国锋 被迫 辞去 总理 的 职务 Hua Guofeng was forced to resign as prime minister

胡耀邦 的 中共中央书记处 发出通知 Hu Yaobang's Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee issued a notice

今后 一律 不准 挂 现任 领导人 的 画像 No portrait of the current leader is allowed in the future

1980 年 11 月 至 12 月 November-December 1980

政治局 罕见 的 连续 召开 9 次 会议 The Politburo held a rare nine consecutive meetings

党内 元老 们 准备 集体 逼宫 The elders of the party are ready to force the palace collectively

对 华国锋 实行 软性 政变 Implement a soft coup against Hua Guofeng

会上 华国锋 作 了 许多 解释 和 辩护 Hua Guofeng made many explanations and defenses at the meeting

并 不 承认错误 Don't admit mistakes

认为 治国 理念 无罪 Think that the idea of governing the country is innocent

会议 一再 延长 The meeting has been extended again and again

陈云 李先念 叶剑英 对 其 提出 严厉批评 Chen Yun Li Xiannian and Ye Jianying severely criticized him

众多 与会者 也 集体 发难 Many participants also made a collective attack

华国锋 明白 这是 一场 政变 Hua Guofeng understood that this was a coup

由于 中国 无法 让 人民 投票决定 谁 有 合法性 Because China can't let the people vote to decide who has legitimacy

华国锋 只能 表示 接受 辞职 Hua Guofeng can only accept his resignation

会后 党内 通报 华国锋 犯下 的 五项 错误 ： After the meeting the party informed Hua Guofeng of five mistakes made

一 、 两个凡是 违背 马列主义 One or two whatevers violate Marxism-Leninism

二 、 继续 文化大革命 的 错误观点 Second the wrong view of continuing the Cultural Revolution

三 、 阻挠 平反 冤假错案 和 为 老干部 恢复 工作 Third obstruct the rehabilitation of false and wrong cases and resume work for veteran cadres

四 、 制造 新 个人崇拜 Fourth create a new personality cult

五是 经济 冒 进犯 了 主观 唯心主义 错误 Fifth the economic rash advance has made subjective idealist mistakes

软性 政变 以 不 流血 结束 The soft coup ended bloodless

华国锋 过渡 时代 正式 终结 Hua Guofeng's transitional era officially ended

华国锋 为人忠厚 Hua Guofeng is honest and honest

很少 腹黑 Very little black abdomen

作风 亲民 Style is close to the people

常 自己 洗衣 I often wash my own clothes

党内 尔虞我诈 Intrigue within the Party

他 依然 保持 了 较 好 的 口碑 He still maintains a good reputation

对 其 评价 总体 积极 The evaluation is generally positive

不过 华国锋 心里 也 有 怨恨 However Hua Guofeng also has resentment in his heart

之后 虽然 屡次 当选 中央委员 Although he was repeatedly elected as a member of the Central Committee

但 均 拒绝 出席会议 But refused to attend the meeting

直到 零 八年 去世 Until his death in 2008

并 拒绝 葬 在 八宝山 And refused to be buried in Babaoshan

有 传言 华国锋 是 毛 的 私生子 Rumor has it that Hua Guofeng is Mao's illegitimate child

但 并 无证据 But there is no evidence

开始 我们 提到 At the beginning we mentioned that

华国锋 在 时隔 40 年 后 突然 被 高调 纪念 Hua Guofeng was suddenly commemorated in a high profile after a lapse of 40 years

意欲何为 ？ 他 的 执政 可用 “ 两个凡是 ” 概括 What he wants to be in power can be summarized as "two whatevers"

无论是 出于 真心 崇拜 毛 还是 仅仅 是 统治 手段 Whether it's true worship of Mao or just a means of ruling

而 如今 当局 也 在 终结 邓 时代 Now the authorities are also ending the Deng era

重新 利用 毛在 民间 权威 Reuse Mao's authority in the folk

习 也 要求 全党全国 忠于 一人 Xi also asked the whole party and the whole country to be loyal to one person

官方 高调 肯定 华国锋 也 就 很 好 理解 The official high-profile affirmation of Hua Guofeng is also very easy to understand

另一方面 On the other hand

江胡 对 邓 也 正是 “ 两个凡是 ” Jiang Hu is also the "two whatevers" to Deng

而习 亲手 结束 了 邓 时代 And Xi personally ended the Deng era

结束 了 新 “ 两个凡是 ” End the new "two whatevers"

似乎 不该 重提 华国锋 It seems that Hua Guofeng should not be mentioned again

但 如果 考虑 到 如今 重提 历史 虚无主义 But if we consider that historical nihilism is brought up again now

官方 要求 全国 重新学习 党史 The official asked the whole country to re-learn the history of the party

不能 否定 前 三十年 Can't deny the first 30 years

那么 华国锋 也 是 一道 无法 跨越 的 坎 Then Hua Guofeng is also an insurmountable hurdle

关于 华国锋 被 逼宫 一事 我们 就 讲 到 这里 We will stop here about Hua Guofeng being forced into the palace

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