“过渡 主席 ”华国锋 逼宫 退位 始末 | The Overthrow of Hua Guofeng in 1978 [Eng Sub]
"Der Sturz von Hua Guofeng im Jahr 1978 [Eng Sub]
"The Overthrow of Hua Guofeng in 1978 [Eng Sub]
"Le renversement de Hua Guofeng en 1978 [Eng Sub]
欢迎 进入 一个 带 你 解读 世界 的 频道
Welcome to a channel that takes you to read the world
前不久 官方 高调 纪念 华国锋
recently||||
Not long ago the official high-profile commemoration of Hua Guofeng
很多 小伙伴 提问 表示 不解
Many small partners asked questions and expressed incomprehension
不过 这 也 不难理解
|||not hard to understand
But it's not hard to understand
邓 时代 已经 宣告 结束
The Deng era has come to an end
新 时代 有 借助 毛 时代 巩固 统治 的 迹象
The new era shows signs of consolidating its rule with the help of Mao era
我 在 邓 时代 的 视频 里 也 提过
||||||||mentioned
I also mentioned it in the video of Deng era
视频 后面 还会 分析
The video will be analyzed later
华国锋 是 毛 时代 的 红人 之一
|||||red figure|
Hua Guofeng was one of the celebrities of the Mao era
毛 当年 有过 遗言
|||last words
Mao had his last words
你 办事 我 放心
|doing things||
I can rest assured that you do things
有些 人 以为 这句 话 是 毛 形容 周恩来
||||sentence||||
Some people think that this sentence is Mao's description of Zhou Enlai
这 其实 是 误传
This is actually a misinformation
1976 年 毛泽东 已经 病重
|||seriously ill
Mao Zedong was seriously ill in 1976
开口 很 不 方便
opening|||
It is very inconvenient to open the mouth
因此 会 在 纸条 上 写下 要说 的 内容
|||note||write down|||
So I will write down what I want to say on the note
在 最后 阶段 的 某天
||||one day
One day in the final stage
毛给 华国锋 留下 三张 纸条
|||three notes|
Mao left three notes to Hua Guofeng
内容 分别 是
The contents are
“ 照过去 的 方针 办 ”
past policy|||
"Follow the past policy"
“ 慢慢来 不要 着急 ”
Take your time||
"Take your time don't worry "
以及 最 重要 的 “ 你 办事 我 放心 ”
And the most important thing "I feel at ease when you do things "
这些 纸条 后来 在 江青 受审 时 得到 证实
||||Jiang Qing|trial|||
These notes were later confirmed during Jiang Qing's trial
只不过 后面 还有 一句
Except that there is another sentence behind it
有 问题 找 江青
If you have any questions ask Jiang Qing
相比 党内 元老 如 邓小平 习仲勋
Compared with the party elders such as Deng Xiaoping Xi Zhongxun
华国锋 的 发迹 算是 相当 晚
Hua Guofeng made his fortune quite late
和 胡赵 类似
Similar to Hu Zhao
算是 后起之秀
Be regarded as a rising star
1959 年 “ 彭黄 张周 反党集团 ” 被 拿下
|||anti-party group||
In 1959 "Peng Huang Zhang Zhou Anti-Party Group" was won
华国锋 刚 升任 湘潭 地委书记
||||Prefectural Party Secretary
Hua Guofeng has just been promoted to Xiangtan District Party Committee Secretary
湘潭 是 毛 的 老家
Xiangtan is Mao's hometown
在 这 期间 他 主持 “ 韶山 毛泽东 陈列馆 ” 的 建设
|||||||Mao Zedong Exhibition Hall||
During this period he presided over the construction of "Shaoshan Mao Zedong Exhibition Hall"
赢得 毛 的 好感
|||favor
Win Mao's favor
文革 后 华国锋 火速 升 为 湖南 第一书记
|||||||First Secretary
After the Cultural Revolution Hua Guofeng was quickly promoted to the first secretary of Hunan
兼 广东 军区 政委
And Political Commissar of Guangdong Military Region
1971 年 毛 突然 南巡
Mao suddenly made a southern tour in 1971
公开 他 与 林彪 的 矛盾
Publicize his contradiction with Lin Biao
并 通知 了 华国锋
And informed Hua Guofeng
我 在 林彪 视频 里 也 有 提到
I also mentioned it in Lin Biao's video
1971 年林 事变 后 华国锋 被 调任 中央
Hua Guofeng was transferred to the central government after the Lin Incident in 1971
担任 公安部长
Serve as Minister of Public Security
也就是说
That is to say
华国锋 从 进入 中央 到 接班 仅仅 过 了 五年
It has only been five years since Hua Guofeng entered the central government and took over
党史 也 是 内斗史
Party history is also a history of infighting
大家 都 不 陌生
Everyone is no stranger
华国锋 作为 长期 局外人 士 当然 看到 其中 的 残酷
Hua Guofeng as a long-term outsider certainly saw the cruelty
所以 他 也 表现 的 很 聪明
So he was smart too
在 随后 的 五年 内
In the next five years
华国锋 目睹 邓系 和 四人帮 的 斗法
Hua Guofeng witnessed the fighting between Deng and the Gang of Four
从不 站队
Never take sides
他 自称 只 忠于 毛主席
He claimed to be loyal only to Chairman Mao
这种 策略 让 华国锋 逐渐 脱引 而 出
This strategy gradually led Hua Guofeng out
成为 毛 身边 的 红人
Become the red man around Mao
以及 各 派系 都 想 拉拢 的 对象
And the objects that all factions want to win over
1976 年 1 月 周恩来 去世
Zhou Enlai died in January 1976
毛 提议 华国锋 担任 国家 总理
Mao proposed that Hua Guofeng be the prime minister of the country
1976 年 4 月
April 1976
北京 爆发 纪念 周恩来
Beijing Outbreak Commemorates Zhou Enlai
反对 四人帮 的 四五事件
Oppose the April 5 Incident of the Gang of Four
华国锋 按毛 的 意图 清场 了 抗议 群众
Hua Guofeng cleared the protesters according to Mao's intention
并称 邓小平 为 幕后 主使
And called Deng Xiaoping the mastermind behind the scenes
三天 后
Three days later
毛 撤销 了 邓小平 的 一切 职务
Mao removed Deng Xiaoping from all his posts
并 正式 确认 华国锋 为 毛 的 接班人
And officially confirmed Hua Guofeng as Mao's successor
毛 早前 指定 了 “ 毛主席 话 是 真理 ” 的 林彪 接班
Mao earlier appointed Lin Biao who "Chairman Mao's words are the truth" to take over
后 又 指定 四人帮
Later appointed the Gang of Four
临终前 选择 了 华国锋
I chose Hua Guofeng before I died
毛 希望 红色 江山 永不 变色
Mao hopes that the red country will never change color
1976 年 9 月 9 日 毛泽东 去世
Mao Zedong died on September 9 1976
华国锋 正式 接班
Hua Guofeng officially took over
同时 担任 中共 党 主席 和 国家 总理 兼 军委主席
At the same time he served as Chairman of the Communist Party of China Prime Minister and Chairman of
身兼 毛周 两人 职务
He is also in the position of Mao Zhou
当时 国家 主席 已 被 废除
At that time the president of the country had been abolished
华国锋 可谓 权力 空前
Hua Guofeng has unprecedented power
前面 我们 说 过
As we said earlier
华国锋 是 中间派 从不 站队
Hua Guofeng is a centrist and never takes sides
此刻 摆在 他 面前 的 有 两大 派系
There are two major factions before him at the moment
左派 要 坚持 ” 共产主义 革命 路线 ”
The Left Should Adhere to the "Communist Revolutionary Line"
包括 曾经 的 四人帮
Including the former Gang of Four
右派 希望 走 资本主义 市场经济
The Rightists hope to take the capitalist market economy
主要 是 邓系
Mainly Deng system
包括 叶剑英 陈云 李先念 等等
Including Ye Jianying Chen Yun Li Xiannian and so on
当时 左派 无 军权 也 无人 心
At that time the left had no military power and no people's hearts
右派 尚有 不少 军头
The Rightists still have quite a few army leaders
按理说 华国锋 应 主动 平衡 左右两派
It stands to reason that Hua Guofeng should take the initiative to balance the left and right factions
不能 让 一派 独 大
You can't let one faction dominate
两派 互斗
The two factions fought against each other
皇帝 才 可 坐 稳 江山
Only the emperor can secure the country
这是 自古 帝王 之术
This is the art of emperors since ancient times
当然 还有 另 一种 做法
There is of course another way
希特勒 式 极权主义
Hitler totalitarianism
全国上下 定于一尊
The whole country is set in one statue
显然 华国锋 并 无 如此 能耐
Obviously Hua Guofeng is not so capable
华国锋 的 特点 是 胆魄 过人
Hua Guofeng is characterized by great boldness
但 谋略 不足
But the strategy is insufficient
当时 站 在 邓系 一边 的 汪东兴 称 四人帮 准备 动手 夺权
At that time Wang Dongxing who was on Deng's side said that the Gang of Four was ready to seize power
需 先下手为强
It is necessary to start first
汪东兴 是 中央办公厅 主任
Wang Dongxing is the director of the General Office of the Central Committee
掌握 中央 警备 局
Master the Central Guard Bureau
类似 后来 的 令 计划 和 栗 战书
Similar to the later Ling Jihua and Li Zhanshu
华国锋 和 李先念 认为
Hua Guofeng and Li Xiannian believe that
在 政治局 上 表决 拿下 四人帮 有把握
We are sure to win the Gang of Four by voting in the Politburo
但 在 中央全会 上 并 没把握
But I was not sure at the Central Plenary Session
也 就是 通过 政治 手段 并 不 可行
That is it is not feasible through political means
需要 采取 强力 手段
Strong measures are needed
建国 后 党内斗争 不断
After the founding of the People's Republic of China the inner-
但 通过 军变 直接 清除 对手 除了 林立果 外 并 无先例
However there is no precedent for directly removing opponents through military changes except Lin Liguo
因此 陈云 很 犹豫
So Chen Yun hesitated
但 表示 下不为例
But it means it won't happen again
10 月 6 日 也 就是 毛 去世 后 的 一个月
October 6th is one month after Mao died
政变 计划 开始
The coup plan began
由 汪东兴 负责 抓捕
Wang Dongxing is responsible for the arrest
华国锋 以 讨论 《 毛选 》 为名
Hua Guofeng discussed Mao Xuan in the name of
召集 王洪文 张春桥 姚文元 到 怀仁堂 开会
Convene Wang Hongwen Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan to Huairentang for a meeting
随即 拿下 三人
Immediately won three people
同时 江青 和 毛远新 也 被 控制
At the same time Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin were also controlled
华国锋 派 耿飚 等 人 连夜 控制 了 中央人民广播电台 和 人民日报社 等 机关
Hua Guofeng sent Geng Biao and others to control China National Radio and People's Daily overnight
耿飚 也 是 习 早年 实习 的 上司
Geng Biao is also the boss of Xi's early internship
这是 一场 闪电 政变
This is a lightning coup
史称 “ 怀仁堂 政变 ”
History calls it "Huairentang Coup"
紧接着 华国锋 接管 四人帮 的 根据地 上海
Then Hua Guofeng took over Shanghai the base of the Gang of Four
并 祭出 了 毛 给 他 的 小 纸条 “ 你 办事 我 放心 ”
And sacrificed Mao's small note to him "I'm at ease when you do things "
并 掐 去 了 后 半句 “ 有 问题 找 江青 ”
And choked off the second half of the sentence "If you have a problem find Jiang Qing "
来 证明 其 执政 的 绝对 合法性
To prove the absolute legitimacy of his administration
10 月 14 日
14 October
中央 公布 粉碎 四人帮 的 消息
The Central Committee announced the smashing of the Gang of Four
全国 欢声 沸腾
The whole country is boiling with joy
毛 去世 之后 的 沉闷 局面 一扫而空
After Mao's death the dreary situation was swept away
各界 欢呼 英明领袖
People from all walks of life cheered the wise leader
因 华国锋 是 毛 生前 钦定
Because Hua Guofeng was appointed by Mao before his death
拥毛 几乎 是 其 合法性 的 唯一 来源
Hair-holding is almost the only source of its legitimacy
华国锋 必须 继续 挺 毛
Hua Guofeng must continue to be hairy
党内外 精英 层苦 毛 已久
The elite inside and outside the Party has suffered for a long time
但 民间 挺 毛者 甚众
But there are many folk hairs
和 今天 也 很 类似
It's very similar to today
于是 华国锋 提出 两个凡是
So Hua Guofeng put forward two whatevers
即 凡是 毛主席 作出 的 决策 我们 都 坚决 维护
That is we firmly uphold all decisions made by Chairman Mao
凡是 毛主席 的 指示 我们 都 始终不渝 地 遵循
We will unswervingly follow Chairman Mao's instructions
党内 高层 的 凡是 派 主要 包括 汪东兴 纪登奎 陈永贵 等 人
All factions at the top of the party mainly include Wang Dongxing Ji Dengkui Chen Yonggui and others
在经济上
Economically
华国锋 主张 结束 文革 混乱
Hua Guofeng advocates ending the chaos of the Cultural Revolution
恢复 生产
Resume production
引进外资 和 技术
Introduce foreign capital and technology
并 学习 东欧 的 市场 社会主义
And learn from market socialism in Eastern Europe
这 和 邓小平 后来 的 全盘 资化 有所区别
This is different from Deng Xiaoping's later overall capitalization
但 也 算是 逐步 的 经济 开放
But it can also be regarded as gradual economic opening
在政治上
In politics
对 华国锋 的 个人崇拜 开始 形成
The personality cult of Hua Guofeng began to take shape
华国锋 的 画像 与 毛 并列 悬挂
Hua Guofeng's portrait hangs side by side with Mao
各大 媒体 均 以 英明领袖 作其 代称
All major media are called wise leaders
其他 还 包括 修改 国歌
Others include revising the national anthem
比如 歌词 被 修改 为 “ 我们 万众一心 高举 毛泽东 旗帜 ”
For example the lyrics were revised to "We hold high the banner of Mao Zedong with one heart"
然而 好景不长
However the good times didn't last long
由于 华国锋 无条件 挺 毛
Because Hua Guofeng is unconditionally hairy
事实上 阻碍 了 党内 干部 的 平反
In fact it hindered the rehabilitation of party cadres
党内 开始 滋生 不满
Discontent began to breed within the party
华国锋 没 顶住 党内 元老 们 的 求情
Hua Guofeng did not resist the intercession of the party elders
于 1977 年 让 邓小平 在 元老 们 的 簇拥 下 正式 复出
In 1977 Deng Xiaoping officially came back surrounded by elders
放虎归山
Release the tiger back to the mountain
党内 的 力量 开始 向 邓系 右派 倾斜
The power within the Party began to tilt towards the Deng Rightists
华国锋 亲手 铲除 了 左派
Hua Guofeng personally eradicated the leftists
也 直接 导致 了 朝堂 之上 右派 一支 独 大
It also directly led to the dominance of the Rightists above the court
直接 挑战 其 本人
Challenge himself directly
此外 , 国际形势 也 发生 了 变化
In addition the international situation has also changed
苏联 在 资本 和 社会主义 两大阵营 的 较量 中
In the contest between the two camps of capital and socialism the Soviet Union
逐渐 显现 颓势
Gradually show a decline
1979 年 苏军 入侵 阿富汗 更是 加速 苏联 的 衰亡
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 accelerated the decline of the Soviet Union
1980 年 里根 上台
Reagan came to power in 1980
誓言 改守 为攻
Vow to change defense to attack
发动 星球大战
Start Star Wars
铲除 邪恶 帝国
Eradicate the evil empire
中国 这边 经济 搞 了 三十年 也 毫无 起色
China's economy has not improved for 30 years
建国 后 成长 起来 的 一代人 经历 了 十年 的 混乱
The generation that grew up after the founding of the People's Republic of China experienced ten years of chaos
也 觉得 毛式 路线 不见 光亮
I also feel that the Maoist route is out of light
毛式 领袖 崇拜 逐渐 失去 光环
Mao-style leader worship gradually lost its aura
这 是 大 背景
This is the big background
1978 年 党内 力量 的 对比 开始 转变
In 1978 the balance of power within the party began to change
5 月 , 光明日报 发表 《 实践 是 检验 真理 的 唯一标准 》
In May Guangming Daily published "Practice is the only criterion for testing truth"
该文 在 全国 各地 产生 巨大 影响
This article has a great influence all over the country
全国 展开 一系列 大 讨论
A series of big discussions have been launched throughout the country
长期 受 迷惑 的 人们 开始 解放思想
People who have been confused for a long time began to emancipate their minds
“ 两个凡是 ” 开始 被 人们 怀疑 攻击
The "two whatevers" began to be suspected and attacked by people
求是 派 与 凡是 派 展开 权力斗争
The Qiushi School launched a power struggle with the Fan School
本质 是 基于 治国 方针 的 政治 斗争
The essence is a political struggle based on the policy of governing the country
主张 “ 实践 是 唯一标准 ” 的 邓小平
Deng Xiaoping who advocates that "practice is the only standard"
渐渐 在 舆论 和 高层 中 掌握主动
Gradually take the initiative in public opinion and high-level officials
华国锋 本是 后起之秀
Hua Guofeng is a rising star
既 无 谋略 也 无 军队 也 不是 一尊
No strategy no army no statue
全靠 毛 的 光环
All by the aura of hair
在 邓系 的 强势 出击 下
Under the strong attack of Deng Department
根本 不是 对手
No match at all
1978 年 12 月 18 日
December 1978
十一届三中全会 在 北京 开幕
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee opened in Beijing
华国锋 的 两个凡是 被 抛弃
Hua Guofeng's two whatevers were abandoned
两个凡是 被 指为 不 符合 马克思主义
The two whatevers are accused of not conforming to Marxism
会上 确定 下 一届 领导层
The next leadership was determined at the meeting
华国锋 人马 悉数 落选
Hua Guofeng's men were all defeated
而 邓系 人马 纷纷 进入 核心层
And Deng people have entered the core layer one after another
包括 后来 的 胡赵
Including later Hu Zhao
华国锋 手 无 军权
Hua Guofeng has no military power
而 邓系 的 叶剑英 掌握 军队
Ye Jianying of Deng Department holds the army
华国锋 敢怒不敢言 , 大势已去
Hua Guofeng dares to be angry and dare not say that the general trend has gone
枪 指挥 党 还是 党 指挥 枪 至今 仍 是 党史 研究 的 谜团 之一
Whether the gun commands the party or the party commands the gun is still one of the mysteries in the study of party history
这 也 是 后来者 一定 要 先 掌握 军队 的 主要 原因
This is also the main reason why the latecomers must master the army first
十一届三中全会 之后
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee
华国锋 的 权力 不断 被 元老 们 削弱
Hua Guofeng's power has been continuously weakened by the elders
1980 年 8 月
August 1980
华国锋 被迫 辞去 总理 的 职务
Hua Guofeng was forced to resign as prime minister
胡耀邦 的 中共中央书记处 发出通知
Hu Yaobang's Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee issued a notice
今后 一律 不准 挂 现任 领导人 的 画像
No portrait of the current leader is allowed in the future
1980 年 11 月 至 12 月
November-December 1980
政治局 罕见 的 连续 召开 9 次 会议
The Politburo held a rare nine consecutive meetings
党内 元老 们 准备 集体 逼宫
The elders of the party are ready to force the palace collectively
对 华国锋 实行 软性 政变
Implement a soft coup against Hua Guofeng
会上 华国锋 作 了 许多 解释 和 辩护
Hua Guofeng made many explanations and defenses at the meeting
并 不 承认错误
Don't admit mistakes
认为 治国 理念 无罪
Think that the idea of governing the country is innocent
会议 一再 延长
The meeting has been extended again and again
陈云 李先念 叶剑英 对 其 提出 严厉批评
Chen Yun Li Xiannian and Ye Jianying severely criticized him
众多 与会者 也 集体 发难
Many participants also made a collective attack
华国锋 明白 这是 一场 政变
Hua Guofeng understood that this was a coup
由于 中国 无法 让 人民 投票决定 谁 有 合法性
Because China can't let the people vote to decide who has legitimacy
华国锋 只能 表示 接受 辞职
Hua Guofeng can only accept his resignation
会后 党内 通报 华国锋 犯下 的 五项 错误 :
After the meeting the party informed Hua Guofeng of five mistakes made
一 、 两个凡是 违背 马列主义
One or two whatevers violate Marxism-Leninism
二 、 继续 文化大革命 的 错误观点
Second the wrong view of continuing the Cultural Revolution
三 、 阻挠 平反 冤假错案 和 为 老干部 恢复 工作
Third obstruct the rehabilitation of false and wrong cases and resume work for veteran cadres
四 、 制造 新 个人崇拜
Fourth create a new personality cult
五是 经济 冒 进犯 了 主观 唯心主义 错误
Fifth the economic rash advance has made subjective idealist mistakes
软性 政变 以 不 流血 结束
The soft coup ended bloodless
华国锋 过渡 时代 正式 终结
Hua Guofeng's transitional era officially ended
华国锋 为人忠厚
Hua Guofeng is honest and honest
很少 腹黑
Very little black abdomen
作风 亲民
Style is close to the people
常 自己 洗衣
I often wash my own clothes
党内 尔虞我诈
Intrigue within the Party
他 依然 保持 了 较 好 的 口碑
He still maintains a good reputation
对 其 评价 总体 积极
The evaluation is generally positive
不过 华国锋 心里 也 有 怨恨
However Hua Guofeng also has resentment in his heart
之后 虽然 屡次 当选 中央委员
Although he was repeatedly elected as a member of the Central Committee
但 均 拒绝 出席会议
But refused to attend the meeting
直到 零 八年 去世
Until his death in 2008
并 拒绝 葬 在 八宝山
And refused to be buried in Babaoshan
有 传言 华国锋 是 毛 的 私生子
Rumor has it that Hua Guofeng is Mao's illegitimate child
但 并 无证据
But there is no evidence
开始 我们 提到
At the beginning we mentioned that
华国锋 在 时隔 40 年 后 突然 被 高调 纪念
Hua Guofeng was suddenly commemorated in a high profile after a lapse of 40 years
意欲何为 ? 他 的 执政 可用 “ 两个凡是 ” 概括
What he wants to be in power can be summarized as "two whatevers"
无论是 出于 真心 崇拜 毛 还是 仅仅 是 统治 手段
Whether it's true worship of Mao or just a means of ruling
而 如今 当局 也 在 终结 邓 时代
Now the authorities are also ending the Deng era
重新 利用 毛在 民间 权威
Reuse Mao's authority in the folk
习 也 要求 全党全国 忠于 一人
Xi also asked the whole party and the whole country to be loyal to one person
官方 高调 肯定 华国锋 也 就 很 好 理解
The official high-profile affirmation of Hua Guofeng is also very easy to understand
另一方面
On the other hand
江胡 对 邓 也 正是 “ 两个凡是 ”
Jiang Hu is also the "two whatevers" to Deng
而习 亲手 结束 了 邓 时代
And Xi personally ended the Deng era
结束 了 新 “ 两个凡是 ”
End the new "two whatevers"
似乎 不该 重提 华国锋
It seems that Hua Guofeng should not be mentioned again
但 如果 考虑 到 如今 重提 历史 虚无主义
But if we consider that historical nihilism is brought up again now
官方 要求 全国 重新学习 党史
The official asked the whole country to re-learn the history of the party
不能 否定 前 三十年
Can't deny the first 30 years
那么 华国锋 也 是 一道 无法 跨越 的 坎
Then Hua Guofeng is also an insurmountable hurdle
关于 华国锋 被 逼宫 一事 我们 就 讲 到 这里
We will stop here about Hua Guofeng being forced into the palace
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Welcome everyone to like the subscription
谢谢 大家
Thank you all