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English Grammar with Emma, English Grammar: Comparative Adjectives

English Grammar: Comparative Adjectives

Hello.

My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you about comparative adjectives.

So, what are comparative adjectives?

They are words we use when we are comparing different things or different people.

Okay?

So, let's look a little bit more into this.

I just wanted to remind you about what a noun is and an adjective is before we begin.

A noun is a person, a place, or a thing.

So, for example, this marker is a noun because it's a thing.

I'm a person, my name is Emma - I'm also a noun.

Okay?

Right now we are in a classroom - a classroom is a place, so "classroom" is a noun.

So, a noun is a person, a place, or a thing.

An adjective is something...

Or I should say it's a word that describes a noun.

Okay?

So, I said before this is a marker.

If I called it a blue marker, "blue" would be the adjective.

Or if I said: "This is a colourful marker" or "a dull marker", these are all adjectives

to describe the noun "marker".

Okay.

So, here are some other examples of adjectives.

We can use the word "cold", okay?

Right now I'm cold.

We can use the word "hot"; that's an adjective.

"Tall", "old", "rich", "poor".

We use these words to describe something.

Okay?

So, a lot of the times we like to compare things.

Okay?

We like to compare people.

Okay?

Which celebrity is hotter?

Okay?

Which...?

Which dress is nicer?

In English, we often compare two things; and when we compare things, we need to use comparative

adjectives.

So, let's look at that.

So, we have some rules when it comes to using adjectives to compare two things.

When an adjective, so such as these, are one syllable or one beat, we add "er" to it when

we want to use it to compare.

So, let's look at an example of this-okay?-because it's sort of hard to understand unless you

actually see what I'm talking about.

I have here two cups.

Okay?

I want to compare these two cups.

This cup is old, this cup is new, so when I compare these two cups, I add the word "er"

to the adjective when I compare them.

So, I can say: "This cup is older than this cup.

This cup is newer than this cup."

Okay?

So, let's look at this.

What did I do?

I added "er" to the word "old", and I added "er" to the word "new".

So, when I'm comparing two things, if the adjective...

In this case, the adjective is "old" and "new".

If the adjective is one syllable or one beat, meaning it's a short adjective, we add "er".

Let's look at another example.

This book is very heavy.

So, I have here this book: The Unabridged Edgar Allan Poe.

It's a very nice book, but it's very heavy.

And then I have this book: The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly.

It's a book written by a South Korean author that's really good, but it's...

It's very light.

Okay?

So, I want to compare these two books.

What can I say about these two books?

How are they different?

Well, this book is very long.

This book is longer than this book.

Okay?

This book is longer than this book.

So, notice we have the word "long"; this is long; that describes the book.

And we add "er"-"er"-to compare it to this book.

Now, maybe I want to talk about this book.

I can say: "This book is shorter than this book."

And, again, all I need to do is add "er" to the adjective.

Sorry.

So, this book is longer; this book is shorter.

Let's look at another example.

I have a lot of things today to show you.

Best part of all: The swords.

Okay?

These are swords.

I don't know if you can see that, but this is a little sword.

It looks like something you could put in a sandwich, maybe.

This is a much bigger sword.

So, how can we compare these two?

Well, again, there's many things we can say about these two swords; there's many adjectives

we can use to describe them.

Let's look at the one we have on the board.

Let's do...

Well, this isn't really thicker.

We can say "longer" and "shorter" with this.

We can also say: "lighter" and "heavier".

This sword is a heavier sword.

Okay?

It's a lot bigger.

It's bigger and it's heavier.

This sword is smaller.

Okay?

Notice it's smaller and it's lighter.

So, what I did there was I just added "er" or the sound "er" to "heavy" to make it "heavier",

and I added "er" to small to make it "smaller".

Okay?

So let's do some more practice, and talk about different adjectives that are more than one

syllable and what we do.

Okay, so we've talked about how you can add "er", which is pronounced "er" to adjectives

when the adjectives are short.

What about with longer adjectives?

Okay?

Adjectives that are two syllables or more?

So, for example, we have the word "serious" - this is three syllables; "colourful" - this

is three syllables; "difficult" - three; "popular"-okay?-that's also three syllables.

So, when we have longer words that are more than one syllable, we use the word "more"

when we want to compare.

Okay?

So, I'll give you an example.

I have here two ducks.

Okay?

I have this nice, wooden duck; and I have this duck that is dressed in...

I guess it's a gladiator.

So, I have these two ducks.

I want to compare them.

So, when I'm comparing them, I look at them and I think: "Hmm.

Which one is more serious?"

Serious.

I think this duck is more serious.

It is more serious.

Now I want to say something about this duck.

This duck is more serious; this duck is less serious.

Okay?

So, we use "more" and we use "less" when we're comparing two adjectives that are long adjectives;

more than two syllables or two syllables.

Okay?

What else can we say about these two ducks?

Well, this duck is very colourful.

This duck, it's mainly yellow.

It's wearing colourful clothing, but it's yellow.

So I would say: "The feathers on this duck are more colourful than the feathers on this

duck."

So, the feathers are more colourful on this duck.

Okay?

So let's put these ducks away.

Okay?

They're just going to swim away.

Let's think of some other examples.

What about if we're talking about languages?

Maybe we're talking about grammar.

I think English grammar is more difficult than Spanish grammar.

Okay?

So, here's the word "difficult".

I think English grammar is more difficult than Spanish grammar.

I don't actually know; maybe Spanish grammar is hard, but just as an example.

Or maybe I want to compare two people.

Maybe I want to compare Ryan Reynolds and Phillippe.

Okay?

You probably...

You might know Ryan Reynolds.

I would say Ryan Reynolds is more popular than Ryan Phillippe.

Ryan Phillippe is less popular than Ryan Reynolds.

Sorry, if Ryan Phillippe is watching; probably isn't, but...

Okay, so that's an example of using these adjectives.

One exception that a lot of students find very challenging is that sometimes adjectives

that are two syllables sometimes have "er" endings, and sometimes use "more".

So, this can get really confusing for students.

For example: "friendly".

"Friend-ly", okay, it has two syllables, but we would say: "friendlier"; we add "er" in

that case.

So, the main rule is: If it's one syllable, "er"; three or more syllables, you use "more"

or "less"; and if it's two syllables, sometimes it's "er" and sometimes it's "more", and sometimes

you have a choice.

I know it's a little confusing, but that's just what the grammar is.

So, now let's look at spelling because spelling is also important when it comes to comparative

adjectives.

Okay, so we've talked about when to use "er" or "er", and when to use "more" and "less"

when we're describing or comparing two objects and we're using adjectives.

So, now we're going to talk a little bit about the spelling, because here's where it gets

a little bit tricky.

Okay?

So, imagine I am comparing these two elephants.

This elephant is bigger than this elephant.

So, even though we pronounce it "bigger", when we spell it, we use a bit of a different

rule.

So, I have here the word "big", so that's the adjective we're using, and I have the

"er", but I've added a second "g".

So, if you notice in green, I've added another letter.

Why do I have a second "g" there?

So, when we are using comparatives, we need to pay attention to vowels and consonants,

because this is going to help us with spelling.

So, a vowel is: a, e, i, o, and u.

A consonant are the other letters.

Okay?

So, vowels are these letters and they have different sounds, and consonants are not vowels,

so they're the rest of the letters or the sounds in English.

So, what happens is when you're spelling...

When you're using an adjective and you're making it a comparative adjective by adding

"er", you need to look at the word and you need to figure out the last three parts of

the adjective, so in this case, "big"...

"B" is a consonant, so I'm going to put a "c"; "i" is a vowel, so I'm going to put a

"v"; and "g" is a consonant, so I'm going to put a "c".

When you have consonant, vowel, consonant - you need to add a second consonant or a

second letter.

So, in this case, the last letter...

The last consonant is a "g", so when we're making a comparative adjective, we need to

add another "g".

Why is this the case?

I don't know.

I think it makes English a little more complicated, but that's okay.

Okay?

So this is the rule; I didn't make this rule, but this is what it is.

So, let's look at another example.

We have here the word "hot", okay?

So, right now I am very hot.

I am feeling hotter than my sister.

So, what I can say is, if I look at these three letters, we have "h" which is a consonant,

we have "o" which is a vowel, and we have "t" which is a consonant.

So, because we have consonant, vowel, consonant - I needed to add another letter, and this

letter is the same as the one before it, so I add another "t".

So, "bigger", we have two g's when we spell it; "hotter" we have two t's, and it's because

of this consonant, vowel, consonant rule for spelling.

Okay, so now let's think about "smaller".

In this case, if you look at the word "small", the last three sounds-okay?-you get a vowel,

and then you get a consonant which is the "l", and you have another consonant which

is the "l".

So, in this case, we don't need to add another letter.

Okay?

Unlike with "bigger" and "hotter" - because we have a vowel, consonant, and a consonant,

we don't need to do anything.

Let's look at another example.

So, I have here the word "cold".

Okay?

Canada is colder than Mexico, just as an example.

So, if I wanted to write out this word as a comparative adjective, I would look at the

last three letters - we have "o" which is a vowel, we have "l" which is a consonant,

and we have "d" which is a consonant.

So, because it's vowel, consonant, consonant - we can just add "er"; we don't need to add

another letter.

Okay?

So, just to recap: When we have consonant, vowel, consonant - you need to double up the

last letter; if you have something different than consonant, vowel, consonant - you do

not need to add anything.

Okay?

And this might take a little bit of practice, and that's okay.

We have a quiz at the very...

That you can take at the end of this video where you can practice these skills some more.

Let's look at one other spelling rule we have when we're talking about comparative adjectives.

If an adjective ends in a "y", so we have: "happy", "heavy", "scary" - when we turn it

into...

For these ones, they're two syllables: "happ-y", "heav-y", "scar-y".

These are some two-syllable adjectives that we can use "er" on.

So, when we add "er", we need to change the "y".

We change the "y" to an "i".

So, we have: "happy", the "y" becomes an "i" and then we add "er".

We have the word "heavy", again, it ends in a "y", so when we make it a comparative adjective,

we change the "y" to an "i" and we add "er".

Let's do one final example for this video.

So, I have here two monkeys.

This is a monkey made out of wood, and this is a monkey made out of plastic.

So, I want your opinion: Which monkey is scarier?

Which monkey is the scary monkey?

Okay?

Is it this one or this one?

I think this monkey is scarier than this monkey.

So, if I'm going to spell out the word "scarier" - "scary" ends with a "y", so we change the

"y" to an "i" and we add "er".

This monkey...

This monkey's really scary.

I hope you're not afraid at the end of this video; I'll be putting this away in a moment.

Thank you for watching.

I hope you've learned a lot in this video.

You can practice a lot of what you learned by taking our quiz at www.engvid.com; there,

you can actually practice your spelling, as well as the different concepts we've covered

in this video.

You can also subscribe to my channel, where we have a lot more resources on grammar, on

listening, on pronunciation; on all sorts of different topics.

So, thank you, again, for watching; and until next time, take care.

English Grammar: Comparative Adjectives Englische Grammatik: Komparative Adjektive Gramática inglesa: adjetivos comparativos Grammaire anglaise : Adjectifs comparatifs Grammatica inglese: aggettivi comparativi 英文法:比較形容詞 영어 문법: 비교 형용사 Gramatyka angielska: Przymiotniki porównawcze Gramática inglesa: Comparative Adjectives Грамматика английского языка: Сравнительные прилагательные İngilizce Dilbilgisi: Karşılaştırma Sıfatları Граматика англійської мови: Порівняльні прикметники 英语语法:比较形容词 英文文法:形容詞比較級

Hello. こんにちは。

My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you about comparative adjectives. 私の名前はエマ、今日のビデオでは比較形容詞について教えましょう。

So, what are comparative adjectives? So, what are comparative adjectives? では、比較形容詞とは何か?

They are words we use when we are comparing different things or different people. 異なるものや異なる人を比較するときに使う言葉だ。

Okay? いいかい?

So, let's look a little bit more into this. では、もう少し詳しく調べてみよう。 Então, vamos analisar um pouco mais sobre este assunto. Итак, давайте посмотрим немного подробнее на это.

I just wanted to remind you about what a noun is and an adjective is before we begin. 始める前に、名詞とは何か、形容詞とは何かを思い出してほしい。

A noun is a person, a place, or a thing. Un sustantivo es una persona, un lugar o una cosa. 名詞とは、人、場所、物のことである。 Іменник - це особа, місце або річ.

So, for example, this marker is a noun because it's a thing. Así, por ejemplo, este marcador es un sustantivo porque es una cosa. 例えば、このマーカーはモノだから名詞だ。

I'm a person, my name is Emma - I'm also a noun. Ich bin eine Person, mein Name ist Emma - ich bin auch ein Substantiv. 私は人間で、私の名前はエマ。

Okay? いいかい?

Right now we are in a classroom - a classroom is a place, so "classroom" is a noun. Im Moment sind wir in einem Klassenzimmer - ein Klassenzimmer ist ein Ort, also ist "Klassenzimmer" ein Substantiv. 教室は場所だから、"classroom "は名詞だ。

So, a noun is a person, a place, or a thing. つまり、名詞とは人、場所、物のことである。

An adjective is something... 形容詞とは...

Or I should say it's a word that describes a noun. あるいは、名詞を表す言葉だと言うべきだろう。

Okay?

So, I said before this is a marker. だから、これは目印だと前に言った。

If I called it a blue marker, "blue" would be the adjective. ブルーマーカーと呼ぶなら、"ブルー "が形容詞だろう。

Or if I said: "This is a colourful marker" or "a dull marker", these are all adjectives または、「これはカラフルなマーカーです」または「くすんだマーカーです」と言った場合、これらはすべて形容詞です

to describe the noun "marker". という名詞を表す。

Okay.

So, here are some other examples of adjectives. では、形容詞の他の例をいくつか挙げてみよう。

We can use the word "cold", okay? Podemos usar la palabra "frío", ¿vale? "コールド "という言葉を使ってもいいんだよ? Podemos usar a palavra "frio", está bem?

Right now I'm cold. Ahora mismo tengo frío. 今は寒いんだ。

We can use the word "hot"; that's an adjective. Podemos usar la palabra "caliente"; es un adjetivo. 私たちは "ホット "という言葉を使うことができる。

"Tall", "old", "rich", "poor". 「背が高い」「年寄り」「金持ち」「貧乏」。

We use these words to describe something. 私たちは何かを表現するためにこれらの言葉を使う。

Okay?

So, a lot of the times we like to compare things. だから、多くの場合、私たちは何かを比較したがる。

Okay?

We like to compare people. 私たちは人を比較するのが好きだ。

Okay?

Which celebrity is hotter? ¿Qué famoso está más bueno? どのセレブがセクシー? Qual é a celebridade mais sexy? Какая знаменитость горячее?

Okay?

Which...?

Which dress is nicer? ¿Qué vestido es más bonito? どちらのドレスが素敵ですか? Какое платье красивее?

In English, we often compare two things; and when we compare things, we need to use comparative 英語では、2つのものを比較することがよくあります。

adjectives. 形容詞。

So, let's look at that. では、それを見てみよう。

So, we have some rules when it comes to using adjectives to compare two things. つまり、形容詞を使って2つのものを比較する際には、いくつかのルールがあるのだ。

When an adjective, so such as these, are one syllable or one beat, we add "er" to it when Cuando un adjetivo, como éstos, es de una sílaba o de un tiempo, le añadimos "er" cuando これらのような形容詞が 1 つの音節または 1 つのビートである場合、「er」を追加します。 Quando um adjetivo, como estes, tem uma sílaba ou um ritmo, acrescentamos-lhe "er" quando

we want to use it to compare. 比較するために使いたい。

So, let's look at an example of this-okay?-because it's sort of hard to understand unless you Por lo tanto, vamos a ver un ejemplo de esto, ¿de acuerdo? Porque es un poco difícil de entender a menos que usted では、その例を見てみよう。

actually see what I'm talking about. 私が何を言っているのか、実際に見てください。

I have here two cups.

Okay?

I want to compare these two cups. この2つのカップを比べてみたい。

This cup is old, this cup is new, so when I compare these two cups, I add the word "er" このカップは古く、このカップは新しい。だから、私はこの2つのカップを比べるとき、"er "という言葉を加える。

to the adjective when I compare them. それらを比較すると形容詞に。

So, I can say: "This cup is older than this cup. このカップはこのカップより古い。 Por isso, posso dizer: "Esta chávena é mais velha do que esta chávena.

This cup is newer than this cup." このカップの方が新しい」。

Okay?

So, let's look at this. では、これを見てみよう。

What did I do? 私が何をしたかって?

I added "er" to the word "old", and I added "er" to the word "new". 私は "old "に "er "を付け、"new "に "er "を付けた。

So, when I'm comparing two things, if the adjective... だから、2つのものを比較するとき、もし形容詞が...

In this case, the adjective is "old" and "new". この場合、形容詞は「古い」と「新しい」である。

If the adjective is one syllable or one beat, meaning it's a short adjective, we add "er". 形容詞が 1 音節または 1 ビートの場合、つまり短い形容詞である場合は、「er」を追加します。 Se o adjetivo tiver uma sílaba ou uma batida, o que significa que é um adjetivo curto, acrescentamos "er".

Let's look at another example. 別の例を見てみよう。

This book is very heavy. Este libro es muy pesado. この本はとても重い。

So, I have here this book: The Unabridged Edgar Allan Poe. それで、私はここにこの本を持っています: The Unabridged Edgar Allan Poe.

It's a very nice book, but it's very heavy. とてもいい本だが、とても重い。

And then I have this book: The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly. Y luego tengo este libro: La gallina que soñaba que podía volar. そして、私はこの本を持っています:彼女が飛ぶことができることを夢見た雌鶏.

It's a book written by a South Korean author that's really good, but it's... 韓国人作家が書いた本でとても良いのですが…

It's very light. とても軽いです。

Okay?

So, I want to compare these two books. そこで、この2冊を比較してみたい。

What can I say about these two books? この2冊の本について何と言えばいいのだろう。 O que posso dizer sobre estes dois livros?

How are they different? どう違うのか?

Well, this book is very long. さて、この本はとても長い。

This book is longer than this book. この本の方が長い。

Okay?

This book is longer than this book. この本の方が長い。

So, notice we have the word "long"; this is long; that describes the book. 「長い」という単語があることに注意してください。これは長いです。それは本を説明します。

And we add "er"-"er"-to compare it to this book. そして、この本と比較するために "er"-"er"-を加える。

Now, maybe I want to talk about this book. さて、この本について話したい。

I can say: "This book is shorter than this book."

And, again, all I need to do is add "er" to the adjective. 繰り返しますが、形容詞に「er」を追加するだけです。 E, mais uma vez, tudo o que preciso de fazer é acrescentar "er" ao adjetivo.

Sorry. 申し訳ない。

So, this book is longer; this book is shorter. だから、この本は長く、この本は短い。

Let's look at another example. 別の例を見てみよう。

I have a lot of things today to show you. 今日はお見せしたいものがたくさんあるんだ。

Best part of all: The swords. 何よりも素晴らしいのは剣だ。

Okay?

These are swords.

I don't know if you can see that, but this is a little sword. 見えるかどうかわからないけど、これは小さな剣なんだ。

It looks like something you could put in a sandwich, maybe. Parece algo que podrías poner en un sándwich, tal vez. サンドイッチに入れても良さそうです。

This is a much bigger sword. Esta es una espada mucho más grande. これははるかに大きな剣です。 Esta é uma espada muito maior.

So, how can we compare these two? では、この2つをどう比較すればいいのか?

Well, again, there's many things we can say about these two swords; there's many adjectives まあ、繰り返しになるが、この2本の剣について言えることはたくさんある。

we can use to describe them. それを説明するのに使うことができる。

Let's look at the one we have on the board. ボードにあるものを見てみよう。

Let's do... そうしよう...

Well, this isn't really thicker. まあ、これはそれほど厚くはない。

We can say "longer" and "shorter" with this. これで「長い」とも「短い」とも言える。

We can also say: "lighter" and "heavier". より軽く」「より重く」という言い方もできる。

This sword is a heavier sword. この剣はより重い剣だ。

Okay? Está bem?

It's a lot bigger. それはずっと大きいです。

It's bigger and it's heavier. より大きく、より重い。

This sword is smaller. この剣は小さい。

Okay?

Notice it's smaller and it's lighter. より小さく、より軽くなっている。

So, what I did there was I just added "er" or the sound "er" to "heavy" to make it "heavier", そこで私がしたことは、"heavy "に "er "をつけて "heavy "にしたんだ、

and I added "er" to small to make it "smaller". small に「er」を追加して「小さく」しました。

Okay?

So let's do some more practice, and talk about different adjectives that are more than one では、もう少し練習して、複数の形容詞について話してみよう。 Vamos praticar mais um pouco e falar sobre diferentes adjectivos que são mais do que um

syllable and what we do. 音節と私たちがすること。

Okay, so we've talked about how you can add "er", which is pronounced "er" to adjectives さて、これまで形容詞に "er "をつける方法について話してきた。

when the adjectives are short. 形容詞が短い場合

What about with longer adjectives? もっと長い形容詞の場合はどうだろう?

Okay? いいかい?

Adjectives that are two syllables or more? 2音節以上の形容詞?

So, for example, we have the word "serious" - this is three syllables; "colourful" - this 例えば、"serious "という単語は3音節、"colorful "という単語は3音節である。

is three syllables; "difficult" - three; "popular"-okay?-that's also three syllables. tem três sílabas; "difícil" - três; "popular" - está bem? - também tem três sílabas.

So, when we have longer words that are more than one syllable, we use the word "more" だから、1音節以上の長い単語があるときは、"more "という単語を使う。

when we want to compare. 比較したいときに。

Okay?

So, I'll give you an example. では、例を挙げよう。

I have here two ducks. ここに2羽のアヒルがいる。

Okay?

I have this nice, wooden duck; and I have this duck that is dressed in... 私はこの素敵な木製のアヒルを持っている。

I guess it's a gladiator. グラディエーターかな。

So, I have these two ducks. それで、この2羽のアヒルを飼っている。 Então, tenho estes dois patos.

I want to compare them. 比較したいんだ。

So, when I'm comparing them, I look at them and I think: "Hmm. だから、両者を比較するとき、私は両者を見てこう思うんだ。

Which one is more serious?" どちらが深刻ですか?

Serious. 真剣だ。

I think this duck is more serious. このアヒルはもっと深刻だと思います。

It is more serious. もっと深刻だ。

Now I want to say something about this duck. さて、この鴨について言いたいことがある。

This duck is more serious; this duck is less serious. このアヒルはもっと深刻で、このアヒルはそれほど深刻ではない。

Okay?

So, we use "more" and we use "less" when we're comparing two adjectives that are long adjectives; だから、長い形容詞同士を比較するときには「more」を使い、「less」を使う; Assim, usamos "more" e "less" quando estamos a comparar dois adjectivos que são adjectivos longos;

more than two syllables or two syllables. 音節または2音節以上。

Okay?

What else can we say about these two ducks? この2羽について、他に何が言えるだろうか?

Well, this duck is very colourful. さて、このアヒルはとてもカラフルだ。

This duck, it's mainly yellow. このアヒルは主に黄色だ。

It's wearing colourful clothing, but it's yellow. カラフルな服を着ているが、黄色だ。

So I would say: "The feathers on this duck are more colourful than the feathers on this だから私はこう言います:「このアヒルの羽は、この羽よりカラフルです。

duck." pato".

So, the feathers are more colourful on this duck. そのため、このアヒルの羽はよりカラフルです。

Okay?

So let's put these ducks away. だから、このカモを片付けよう。

Okay?

They're just going to swim away. 泳いで逃げるだけだ。

Let's think of some other examples. 他の例を考えてみよう。

What about if we're talking about languages? 言語の話ならどうだろう?

Maybe we're talking about grammar. 文法について話しているのかもしれない。

I think English grammar is more difficult than Spanish grammar. 英語の文法はスペイン語の文法より難しいと思う。

Okay? Está bem?

So, here's the word "difficult". ここで「難しい」という言葉が出てきた。

I think English grammar is more difficult than Spanish grammar. 英語の文法はスペイン語の文法より難しいと思う。

I don't actually know; maybe Spanish grammar is hard, but just as an example. スペイン語の文法は難しいのかもしれない。

Or maybe I want to compare two people. あるいは、2人の人間を比較したいのかもしれない。

Maybe I want to compare Ryan Reynolds and Phillippe. ライアン・レイノルズとフィリップを比較したいのかもしれない。

Okay?

You probably... おそらく...

You might know Ryan Reynolds. ライアン・レイノルズをご存じだろうか。

I would say Ryan Reynolds is more popular than Ryan Phillippe. ライアン・フィリップよりもライアン・レイノルズの方が人気がある。 Eu diria que Ryan Reynolds é mais popular do que Ryan Phillippe.

Ryan Phillippe is less popular than Ryan Reynolds. Ryan Phillippe は Ryan Reynolds ほど人気がありません。

Sorry, if Ryan Phillippe is watching; probably isn't, but... ライアン・フィリップが見ていたらごめんなさい。

Okay, so that's an example of using these adjectives. さて、これが形容詞を使った例だ。

One exception that a lot of students find very challenging is that sometimes adjectives 多くの生徒が非常に困難だと感じている例外がある。

that are two syllables sometimes have "er" endings, and sometimes use "more". 2音節の場合、語尾に "er "がつくこともあれば、"more "がつくこともある。

So, this can get really confusing for students. だから、学生にとっては本当に混乱することになる。

For example: "friendly". 例えば、「フレンドリー」。 Por exemplo: "amigável".

"Friend-ly", okay, it has two syllables, but we would say: "friendlier"; we add "er" in "friend-ly "は2音節だが、"friendlier "と言う。

that case.

So, the main rule is: If it's one syllable, "er"; three or more syllables, you use "more"

or "less"; and if it's two syllables, sometimes it's "er" and sometimes it's "more", and sometimes また、2音節の場合は、"er "のこともあれば、"more "のこともある。

you have a choice. あなたには選択肢がある。

I know it's a little confusing, but that's just what the grammar is. ちょっとわかりにくいかもしれないけど、それが文法というものなんだ。

So, now let's look at spelling because spelling is also important when it comes to comparative というのも、スペルも比較の際には重要だからだ。 Então, vejamos agora a ortografia, porque a ortografia também é importante quando se trata de comparativo

adjectives. 形容詞。

Okay, so we've talked about when to use "er" or "er", and when to use "more" and "less" さて、ここまで "er "と "er "の使い分け、"more "と "less "の使い分けについて話してきた。

when we're describing or comparing two objects and we're using adjectives. 形容詞を使って、2つの対象物を描写したり比較したりするとき。

So, now we're going to talk a little bit about the spelling, because here's where it gets スペルについて少し話をしよう。

a little bit tricky. 少し厄介だ。

Okay?

So, imagine I am comparing these two elephants. つまり、私がこの2頭の象を比較しているとしよう。

This elephant is bigger than this elephant. この象はこの象より大きい。 Este elefante é maior do que este elefante.

So, even though we pronounce it "bigger", when we spell it, we use a bit of a different だから、"bigger "と発音しても、スペルでは少し違う発音になる。

rule. ルールだ。

So, I have here the word "big", so that's the adjective we're using, and I have the ここでは "big "という形容詞を使っている。

"er", but I've added a second "g". "er "だが、2つ目の "g "を加えた。

So, if you notice in green, I've added another letter. だから、緑の部分にもう一文字追加した。

Why do I have a second "g" there? なぜ2つ目の "g "があるのか?

So, when we are using comparatives, we need to pay attention to vowels and consonants, だから、比較級を使うときは母音と子音に注意する必要がある、

because this is going to help us with spelling. スペリングに役立つからだ。 porque isto vai ajudar-nos com a ortografia.

So, a vowel is: a, e, i, o, and u. つまり、母音とは、a、e、i、o、uのことである。

A consonant are the other letters. 子音は他の文字である。

Okay?

So, vowels are these letters and they have different sounds, and consonants are not vowels, つまり、母音とはこれらの文字のことで、それぞれ異なる音を持ち、子音は母音ではない、

so they're the rest of the letters or the sounds in English. つまり、英語の残りの文字や音のことだ。

So, what happens is when you're spelling... それで、どうなるかというと...。

When you're using an adjective and you're making it a comparative adjective by adding 形容詞を使っているときに、比較形容詞にする場合は、次のように加える。

"er", you need to look at the word and you need to figure out the last three parts of "er "の最後の3つの部分を理解する必要がある。 "er", é preciso olhar para a palavra e descobrir as três últimas partes de

the adjective, so in this case, "big"... 形容詞、つまりこの場合は "大きい"...

"B" is a consonant, so I'm going to put a "c"; "i" is a vowel, so I'm going to put a B "は子音なので "c "を付け、"i "は母音なので

"v"; and "g" is a consonant, so I'm going to put a "c". v"、"g "は子音なので "c "を入れる。

When you have consonant, vowel, consonant - you need to add a second consonant or a 子音、母音、子音がある場合、2番目の子音または

second letter. 2通目

So, in this case, the last letter... つまり、この場合、最後の文字は...。

The last consonant is a "g", so when we're making a comparative adjective, we need to 最後の子音は "g "なので、比較形容詞を作るときは次のようにする。

add another "g". さらに "g "を加える。 acrescentar mais um "g".

Why is this the case? なぜそうなるのか?

I don't know. 分からないよ。

I think it makes English a little more complicated, but that's okay. 英語は少し複雑になると思うけど、それでもいいんだ。

Okay?

So this is the rule; I didn't make this rule, but this is what it is. これがルールです。私がこのルールを作ったわけではありませんが、これがそのルールです。

So, let's look at another example. では、別の例を見てみよう。

We have here the word "hot", okay? ここには "ホット "という言葉がある。

So, right now I am very hot. だから今、私はとてもホットだ。

I am feeling hotter than my sister. 私は姉より熱く感じている。

So, what I can say is, if I look at these three letters, we have "h" which is a consonant, Portanto, o que posso dizer é que, se olhar para estas três letras, temos "h" que é uma consoante,

we have "o" which is a vowel, and we have "t" which is a consonant. には母音である "o "があり、子音である "t "がある。

So, because we have consonant, vowel, consonant - I needed to add another letter, and this だから、子音、母音、子音と、もう1文字追加する必要があった。

letter is the same as the one before it, so I add another "t". の文字が前の文字と同じなので、もうひとつ「t」を加える。

So, "bigger", we have two g's when we spell it; "hotter" we have two t's, and it's because つまり、"bigger "の綴りにはgが2つ、"hotter "の綴りにはtが2つある。

of this consonant, vowel, consonant rule for spelling. この子音、母音、子音の綴りのルールの。

Okay, so now let's think about "smaller". さて、それでは「より小さく」について考えてみよう。

In this case, if you look at the word "small", the last three sounds-okay?-you get a vowel, この場合、"small "という単語を見ると、最後の3つの音は母音になる、 Neste caso, se olharmos para a palavra "small", os últimos três sons - ok? - temos uma vogal,

and then you get a consonant which is the "l", and you have another consonant which そして、"l "である子音と、もう1つの "l "である子音がある。

is the "l". は "l "である。

So, in this case, we don't need to add another letter. だから、この場合、もう一文字加える必要はない。

Okay?

Unlike with "bigger" and "hotter" - because we have a vowel, consonant, and a consonant, 「より大きく」「より熱く」とは異なり、母音、子音、子音があるため、

we don't need to do anything. 何もする必要はない。

Let's look at another example. 別の例を見てみよう。

So, I have here the word "cold". だから、私はここで "コールド "という言葉を口にした。 Por isso, tenho aqui a palavra "frio".

Okay?

Canada is colder than Mexico, just as an example. カナダはメキシコより寒い。

So, if I wanted to write out this word as a comparative adjective, I would look at the だから、この単語を比較形容詞として書き出すとしたら、次のようになる。

last three letters - we have "o" which is a vowel, we have "l" which is a consonant, 最後の3文字は、母音である "o "と子音である "l "である、

and we have "d" which is a consonant. そして子音である "d "がある。

So, because it's vowel, consonant, consonant - we can just add "er"; we don't need to add つまり、母音、子音、子音だから、"er "をつければいい。

another letter. また別の手紙だ。

Okay? いいかい? Está bem?

So, just to recap: When we have consonant, vowel, consonant - you need to double up the つまり、子音、母音、子音というように、子音、母音、子音というように、子音、母音、子音というように、子音、母音、子音というように

last letter; if you have something different than consonant, vowel, consonant - you do 子音、母音、子音以外の文字がある場合は、最後の文字にする。

not need to add anything. 何も加える必要はない。

Okay?

And this might take a little bit of practice, and that's okay. 少し練習が必要かもしれないが、それでも構わない。

We have a quiz at the very... クイズもありますよ。 У нас есть тест на самом ...

That you can take at the end of this video where you can practice these skills some more. このビデオの最後に、これらのスキルをさらに練習することができます。

Let's look at one other spelling rule we have when we're talking about comparative adjectives. 比較形容詞について話しているときの、もう一つのスペル・ルールを見てみよう。 Vejamos uma outra regra ortográfica que temos quando falamos de adjectivos comparativos.

If an adjective ends in a "y", so we have: "happy", "heavy", "scary" - when we turn it 形容詞が「y」で終わる場合、次のようになります。「幸せ」、「重い」、「怖い」-それを回すと

into... に...

For these ones, they're two syllables: "happ-y", "heav-y", "scar-y".

These are some two-syllable adjectives that we can use "er" on. これらは "er "が使える2音節の形容詞である。

So, when we add "er", we need to change the "y". だから、"er "をつけるときは、"y "を変える必要がある。

We change the "y" to an "i". y "を "i "に変える。

So, we have: "happy", the "y" becomes an "i" and then we add "er". つまり、"happy "の "y "が "i "になり、さらに "er "が加わる。 Então, temos: "happy", o "y" transforma-se num "i" e depois acrescentamos "er".

We have the word "heavy", again, it ends in a "y", so when we make it a comparative adjective, heavy "という単語があるが、これも語尾が "y "なので、比較形容詞にすると "heavy "になる、

we change the "y" to an "i" and we add "er". y "を "i "に変え、"er "を加える。

Let's do one final example for this video. このビデオの最後の例を見てみよう。

So, I have here two monkeys. だから、ここに2匹の猿がいる。

This is a monkey made out of wood, and this is a monkey made out of plastic. これは木でできた猿で、これはプラスチックでできた猿だ。

So, I want your opinion: Which monkey is scarier? どちらのサルが怖いか?

Which monkey is the scary monkey? 怖いサルはどのサル?

Okay? Está bem?

Is it this one or this one? これですか、これですか?

I think this monkey is scarier than this monkey. このサルの方が怖いと思う。

So, if I'm going to spell out the word "scarier" - "scary" ends with a "y", so we change the つまり、"scarier "という単語を綴る場合、"scarier "の末尾は "y "である。

"y" to an "i" and we add "er". "y "を "i "に変え、"er "を加える。

This monkey...

This monkey's really scary.

I hope you're not afraid at the end of this video; I'll be putting this away in a moment. このビデオの最後を恐れないでほしい。

Thank you for watching.

I hope you've learned a lot in this video. このビデオで多くのことを学んでいただけたと思う。 Espero que tenha aprendido muito com este vídeo.

You can practice a lot of what you learned by taking our quiz at www.engvid.com; there, www.engvid.com でクイズに挑戦すれば、学んだことの多くを実践できる、

you can actually practice your spelling, as well as the different concepts we've covered

in this video. このビデオの中で

You can also subscribe to my channel, where we have a lot more resources on grammar, on また、文法に関する多くのリソースを提供している私のチャンネルを購読することもできます。

listening, on pronunciation; on all sorts of different topics.

So, thank you, again, for watching; and until next time, take care.