Pronunciation
Vowels - स्वर (Swar)
Hindi has a total of 11 vowels, including short and long vowels.
| Letter in Hindi | Corresponding Sound in Hindi |
|---|---|
|
अ (a) आ (ā) इ (i) उ (u) ऊ (ū) ए (e) ऐ (ai) ओ (o) औ (au) अं (ṅ) |
Similar to the 'u' in "cut." Similar to the 'a' in "car." Similar to the 'i' in "sit." Similar to the 'u' in "put." Similar to the 'oo' in "pool." Similar to the 'e' in "bed." Pronounced like the 'i' in "find." Similar to the 'o' in "pot." Pronounced like the 'ou' in "house." Nasal sound, as in the English word "sing." |
Consonants - व्यंजन (Vyanjan)
Hindi has 33 consonants, each with its distinct sound.
| Letter in Hindi | Corresponding Sound in Hindi |
|---|---|
| क (ka) | {% trans "Pronounced like the 'k' in "kite."" |
| ख (kha) | Aspirated 'k,' similar to the 'kh' in "khan." |
| ग (ga) | Pronounced like the 'g' in "go." |
| घ (gha) | Aspirated 'g,' similar to the 'gh' in "ghost." |
| ङ (ṅa) | Nasal sound, as in the English word "sing." |
| च (cha) | Pronounced like the 'ch' in "chat." |
| छ (chha) | Aspirated 'c,' 'chh' as in "Chhatri". |
| ज (ja) | Pronounced like the 'j' in "jump." |
| झ (jha) | Aspirated 'j,' similar to the 'jha' in "Jhansi". |
| ञ (ña) | Nasal sound as in "pinch". |
| ट (ṭa) | Sound of 'T' as in "tap/tub". |
| ठ (ṭha) | Sound of 'Th' as in "Pathan". |
| ड (ḍa) | Sound of 'D' as in "dim/dig." |
| ढ (ḍha) | Sound of 'Dh' as in "Dhaka". |
| ण (ṇa) | Sound of 'n' as in "grunt" |
| त (ta) | Sound of 't' as in "Tabla". |
| थ (tha) | Sound of 'th' as in "thing/thin" |
| द (da) | Sound of 'th' as in "them/then" |
| ध (dha) | Sound of 'dh' as in "Dharma". |
| न (na) | Sound of 'na' as in "nice". |
| प (pa) | Laut von 'P' wie in "Pin" |
| फ (pha) | Aspirated 'p,' similar to the 'ph' in "phone." |
| ब (ba) | Pronounced like the 'b' in "bat." |
| भ (bha) | Sound of 'bh' in "Bharat/Bhim" |
| म (ma) | Sound of 'm' as in "Mat" |
| य (ya) | Ausgesprochen wie das 'j' in "ja." |
| र (ra) | Klingt wie das 'r' in "Regen". |
| ल (la) | Klingt wie das 'l' in "lachen". |
| व(va) | Klingt wie das'w' in "Wasser". |
| श (śa) | Ähnlich wie das 'sch' in "Schule." |
| ष (ṣa) | Retroflex 's,' ähnlich wie das 'sch' in "Schule." |
| स (sa) | Ausgesprochen wie das 's' in "Sonne." |
| ह (ha) | Ausgesprochen wie das 'h' in "Haus." |
Zusammengesetzte Konsonanten - संयुक्त व्यंजन (Saṅyukta Vyanjan)
Hindi hat vier wichtige zusammengesetzte Konsonanten.
| Letter in Hindi | Corresponding Sound in Hindi |
|---|---|
|
क्ष(ksha) त्र(tra) ज्ञ(gya) श(sh) |
Klingt wie 'schu' in "Schuss". Klingt wie 'tra' in "Yatra" Klingt wie 'ji' in "Djinn". Ähnlich wie das 'sch' in "Schule." |