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Inter-War Period (between WW 1 and II), Rise of Fascism and Mussolini's March on Rome I Between 2 Wars I 1922 Part 1 of 2 - YouTube (2)

Rise of Fascism and Mussolini's March on Rome I Between 2 Wars I 1922 Part 1 of 2 - YouTube (2)

Nationalism, not by Socialism.

He argues that Italy has been stopped in its growth toward new greatness by the ‘plutocratic'

nations like Great Britain blocking her from land expansion to fill the needs of the Italian

people.

He believes the that the high birth rate in Italy is proof they are a superior race that

deserves more land at the expense of ‘lesser people' like the slavs.

Or as he says in 1920:

“The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric

Alps ... I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians

…”

He even thinks that birthrates need to increase to double the population to 60 million or

more, which by his calculations is the size to properly militarise Italy as a strong,

independent power.

His goal is to expand Italy throughout the Mediterranean and subjugate non Italian speaking

people that he classifies as Slavs, Black Africans, and Arabs, all servile client races

of the Italians.

Now this goes much, much further than the more easily justifiable claims for regions

with large Italian speaking populations in Austria-Hungary, so he promotes a mythical

connection between ancient Rome and Italy to justify his expansive ideas.

He now embraces traditional gender values, folklore as an ideal for the ethnic nation,

and a ‘return' to truly Italian traditions.

He plans a strong militarisation of Italy to enforce his goals at home and abroad.

He abandons his anti-capitalism to instead embrace private entrepreneurship, with an

element of Syndicalism thrown in to give workers more influence without eliminating the traditional

employer/employee relationship in a corporatist structure.

And he proposes that the only solution to Italy's woes is a strong mighty leader - and

although he doesn't spell it out, he means Benito Mussolini.

From this perspective it's perhaps not astonishing that he's infuriated with Italy not receiving

Dalmatia and other land in the Versailles Treaty, and going so far as to say that Great

Britain and France had spat on the Italian sacrifice in the war.

Meanwhile he's consolidating the various Fasci splinter groups into a cohesive unit

under the Fascist party banner.

The Fasci are by now the only way of keeping order and have been armed and funded by the

state - in effect Mussolini, a disenfranchised socialist and aspiring politician from provincial

Romagna without a seat in parliament is becoming more powerful than the actual government.

The liberal prime minister Giovanni Giolitti invites Mussolini to be part of a centre to

right National Bloc against left-wing opposition and calls for elections in May 1921.

Mussolini does get a seat in Parliament, but the National Bloc fails to achieve a majority.

Mussolini continues his consolidation of the Fascis.

His party rallies are now gathering tens of thousands of supporters and party membership

soars to 320.000, of which 2,200 are armed Blackshirts.

In November the party changes name to Partito Nazionale Fascista, the National Fascist Party.

Yet another government fails, and in February 1922, King Vittorio Emanuel asks the centre

right liberal Luigi Facta to form a new government, but this too is paralysed as the Fascis continue

to wreak havoc, and the Fascist calls for a new order grow louder and louder.

On October 24th, 1922, Mussolini arranges a Fascist rally in Naples; 60.000 attend.

He addresses the crowd, and in a huge reversal of policy, proclaims his support for the monarchy

and the King.

He lambastes democracy, complaining that it has only weakened Italy, and proposes that

only a strong united leadership can rule the nation.

He concludes: “Today, without a shot being fired, we captured

the vibrant soul of Naples, the soul of all Southern Italy.

The demonstration is an end in itself and can not turn into a battle, but I say to you

with all the solemnity that the moment requires: either we will be given the government or

else we must take it by marching on Rome.”

So, he is ready to take the power by violence, demands at least 6 government positions for

the Fascist party.

30,000 Fascist supporters set out on a 150 mile march on Rome.

False rumours of hundreds of thousands of marching and plundering Fascists circulate

and panic spreads through the country.

But Prime Minister Facta knows the truth and that the army could easily stop this, so he

goes to the king for permission to call in the military to stop the Fascists.

For reasons that remain unclear, the King refuses.

Facta is shocked and immediately resigns, and the king promptly calls on Mussolini to

form a new government.

Mussolini joins the march just before Rome and enters the city to accept the post of

Prime Minister of Italy.

So you would think that that was it, he was now in charge right?

But here's the thing- Mussolini was not dictator yet, he was merely the next in a

long line of prime ministers.

No one expected him to stay in power, and why would they?

The Fascists only have a minority of the government posts and Mussolini has lost the trust of

almost every party in parliament.

Everyone agrees that Mussolini will quickly be replaced like all of the other prime ministers.

They're wrong... with continued para-military support, Mussolini will stay in power.

Over the next five years his Blackshirts will continue to intimidate, oppress and murder

Fascist opponents into submission and by 1927 Mussolini will have become Dictator of Italy.

His rise to power and his violent methods will not only cause great havoc in Italy,

but will serve as a blueprint for all future Fascist inspired movements.

In Germany, with the addition of some German efficiency, Mussolini's methods will be

soon be taken to an even more aggressive and oppressive level.

To get our episodes ahead of time and support the effort to make more content like this,

join The TimeGhost Army on Patreon, or directly on our timeghost.tv site.

There you can also sign up to our Forum for free.

Links in the description.

If you missed our episode about how Hitler formed the Nazi Party in 1920 and the German

people resisted an extreme right wing coup, it's right here.

And if you haven't already - subscribe to TimeGhost and World War Two on YouTube.

World War Two week by week starts on September 1 2018.

See you next time, Salute!


Rise of Fascism and Mussolini's March on Rome I Between 2 Wars I 1922 Part 1 of 2 - YouTube (2) Der Aufstieg des Faschismus und Mussolinis Marsch auf Rom I Zwischen 2 Kriegen I 1922 Teil 1 von 2 - YouTube (2) Auge del Fascismo y Marcha de Mussolini sobre Roma I Entre 2 Guerras I 1922 Parte 1 de 2 - YouTube (2) Montée du fascisme et marche de Mussolini sur Rome I Entre 2 guerres I 1922 Partie 1 de 2 - YouTube (2) ファシズムの台頭とムッソリーニのローマ進軍 I 2つの戦争の間 1922年 Part 1/2 - YouTube (2) 파시즘의 부상과 무솔리니의 로마 행진 1922년 2차 대전 사이 1부/2부 - YouTube (2) Powstanie faszyzmu i marsz Mussoliniego na Rzym I Między dwiema wojnami I 1922 Część 1 z 2 - YouTube (2) Ascensão do Fascismo e Marcha de Mussolini sobre Roma I Entre as 2 Guerras I 1922 Parte 1 de 2 - YouTube (2) Подъем фашизма и поход Муссолини на Рим I Между двумя войнами I 1922 г. Часть 1 из 2 - YouTube (2) Faşizmin Yükselişi ve Mussolini'nin Roma Yürüyüşü I 2 Savaş Arasında I 1922 Bölüm 1 / 2 - YouTube (2) 法西斯主义的崛起和墨索里尼进军罗马 I Between 2 Wars I 1922 第 1 部分(共 2 部分) - YouTube (2)

Nationalism, not by Socialism. интегрального национализма.

He argues that Italy has been stopped in its growth toward new greatness by the ‘plutocratic' Он утверждает, что Италия двигалась к новому величию, но её остановили такие страны-

nations like Great Britain blocking her from land expansion to fill the needs of the Italian «плутократы», как Великобритания, мешая экспансии для удовлетворения потребностей

people. итальянского народа.

He believes the that the high birth rate in Italy is proof they are a superior race that Он считает, что высокая рождаемость в Италии – признак расового превосходства, из-за

deserves more land at the expense of ‘lesser people' like the slavs. чего Италия заслуживает больше земли за счёт таких «низших рас», как славяне.

Or as he says in 1920: В 1920 году Муссолини заявил:

“The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric «Граница Италии должна идти через перевал Бреннер, Монте Невосо и Динарское

Alps ... I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians нагорье... Мы можем легко принести в жертву 500 000 варваров-славян ради 50 000 итальянцев

…” ...»

He even thinks that birthrates need to increase to double the population to 60 million or Он даже считает, что рождаемость нужно увеличить, чтобы население удвоилось до 60 миллионов или

more, which by his calculations is the size to properly militarise Italy as a strong, больше: по его расчётам, это нужно, чтобы как следует милитаризировать Италию как сильную,

independent power. независимую державу.

His goal is to expand Italy throughout the Mediterranean and subjugate non Italian speaking Его целью является расширение Италии на всё Средиземноморье и покорение народов, говорящих не по-итальянски,

people that he classifies as Slavs, Black Africans, and Arabs, all servile client races которых он классифицирует: славяне, чёрные африканцы и арабы, все расы – рабы

of the Italians. итальянцев.

Now this goes much, much further than the more easily justifiable claims for regions Дело зашло далеко: это уже не легко оправдываемое желание захватить регионы

with large Italian speaking populations in Austria-Hungary, so he promotes a mythical Австро-Венгрии, в которых многие говорят по-итальянски, поэтому мифическая связь

connection between ancient Rome and Italy to justify his expansive ideas. между Древним Римом и Италией призвана оправдать идеи Муссолини.

He now embraces traditional gender values, folklore as an ideal for the ethnic nation, Теперь он приветствует традиционные ценности, фольклор как идеал для национального этноса,

and a ‘return' to truly Italian traditions. «возвращение» к истинно итальянским традициям.

He plans a strong militarisation of Italy to enforce his goals at home and abroad. Он планирует сильную милитаризацию Италии для реализации своих целей в стране и за рубежом.

He abandons his anti-capitalism to instead embrace private entrepreneurship, with an Вместо борьбы с капитализмом Муссолини теперь поощряет частное предпринимательство

element of Syndicalism thrown in to give workers more influence without eliminating the traditional с элементами синдикализма, что даст работникам больше влияния, но не нарушит традиционных

employer/employee relationship in a corporatist structure. отношений с работодателями в корпоративной структуре.

And he proposes that the only solution to Italy's woes is a strong mighty leader - and Он утверждает, что единственный способ справиться с напастями Италии – сильный могучий лидер – и

although he doesn't spell it out, he means Benito Mussolini. хотя он не говорит этого вслух, он имеет в виду Бенито Муссолини.

From this perspective it's perhaps not astonishing that he's infuriated with Italy not receiving С этой точки зрения, пожалуй, неудивительна его ярость от того, что Италия отказалась присоединить

Dalmatia and other land in the Versailles Treaty, and going so far as to say that Great Далмацию и другие земли по Версальскому договору; дошло до заявлений Муссолини, что

Britain and France had spat on the Italian sacrifice in the war. Британия и Франция плюнули на жертвы Италии на войне.

Meanwhile he's consolidating the various Fasci splinter groups into a cohesive unit Тем временем он объединяет разные мелкие группы фашо в единое целое

under the Fascist party banner. под знаменем фашистской партии.

The Fasci are by now the only way of keeping order and have been armed and funded by the Фашо на тот момент – единственный способ поддержания порядка; их вооружало и финансировало

state - in effect Mussolini, a disenfranchised socialist and aspiring politician from provincial государство – в действительности Муссолини, лишенный гражданских прав социалист и начинающий политик

Romagna without a seat in parliament is becoming more powerful than the actual government. из провинции Романья без места в парламенте получает больше власти, чем правительство.

The liberal prime minister Giovanni Giolitti invites Mussolini to be part of a centre to Либеральный премьер-министр Джованни Джолитти приглашает Муссолини войти

right National Bloc against left-wing opposition and calls for elections in May 1921. в правый Национальный блок против левой оппозиции и назначает выборы в мае 1921 года.

Mussolini does get a seat in Parliament, but the National Bloc fails to achieve a majority. Муссолини получает место в парламенте, но Национальный блок не имет большинства.

Mussolini continues his consolidation of the Fascis. Муссолини продолжает консолидацию фашистов.

His party rallies are now gathering tens of thousands of supporters and party membership Его партийные митинги уже собирают десятки тысяч сторонников; членов партии

soars to 320.000, of which 2,200 are armed Blackshirts. уже 320 000, из которых 2200 – вооружённые чернорубашечники.

In November the party changes name to Partito Nazionale Fascista, the National Fascist Party. В ноябре партия меняет название на Национал-фашистскую партию.

Yet another government fails, and in February 1922, King Vittorio Emanuel asks the centre Правительство снова распускают, и в феврале 1922 король Виктор Эммануил поручает Луиджи Факте,

right liberal Luigi Facta to form a new government, but this too is paralysed as the Fascis continue правоцентристскому либералу, сформировать новое правительство, но оно тоже бессильно, так как фашо продолжают

to wreak havoc, and the Fascist calls for a new order grow louder and louder. сеять хаос, а фашистские призывы к новому порядку звучат громче и громче.

On October 24th, 1922, Mussolini arranges a Fascist rally in Naples; 60.000 attend. 24 октября 1922 года Муссолини устраивает фашистский митинг в Неаполе; 60 000 человек.

He addresses the crowd, and in a huge reversal of policy, proclaims his support for the monarchy Он обращается к толпе, и, выворачивая свою доктрину наизнанку, провозглашает поддержку

and the King. монархии и королю.

He lambastes democracy, complaining that it has only weakened Italy, and proposes that Он критикует демократию, жалуясь, что она только ослабила Италию и выдвигает идею, что

only a strong united leadership can rule the nation. только сильное и единое руководство может управлять страной.

He concludes: “Today, without a shot being fired, we captured Завершая выступление: «Сегодня без единого выстрела мы покорили

the vibrant soul of Naples, the soul of all Southern Italy. живую душу Неаполя, душу всей Южной Италии.

The demonstration is an end in itself and can not turn into a battle, but I say to you Мы не превратим эту демонстрацию в битву, но я говорю вам со всей торжественностью,

with all the solemnity that the moment requires: either we will be given the government or которой требует момент: либо нам дадут сформировать правительство,

else we must take it by marching on Rome.” либо мы сами возьмём власть, пойдя маршем на Рим».

So, he is ready to take the power by violence, demands at least 6 government positions for Итак, он готов взять власть с помощью насилия, он требует как минимум 6 постов в правительстве для

the Fascist party. членов фашистской партии.

30,000 Fascist supporters set out on a 150 mile march on Rome. 30000 сторонников фашистов выдвинулись в 150-мильном марше к Риму.

False rumours of hundreds of thousands of marching and plundering Fascists circulate Пошли ложные слухи о сотнях тысяч фашистов, которые маршируют и грабят,

and panic spreads through the country. и паника распространилась по всей стране.

But Prime Minister Facta knows the truth and that the army could easily stop this, so he Но премьер-министр Факта знает правду: армия может легко это остановить, поэтому он

goes to the king for permission to call in the military to stop the Fascists. идет к королю за разрешением привлечь войска, чтобы остановить фашистов.

For reasons that remain unclear, the King refuses. По причинам, которые остаются неясными, король отказывается.

Facta is shocked and immediately resigns, and the king promptly calls on Mussolini to Факта в смятении и тут же уходит в отставку, а король немедленно поручает Муссолини

form a new government. сформировать новое правительство.

Mussolini joins the march just before Rome and enters the city to accept the post of Муссолини присоединяется к маршу перед самым Римом и входит в город, чтобы принять должность

Prime Minister of Italy. Премьер-министра Италии.

So you would think that that was it, he was now in charge right? И вы думаете, это всё: он теперь получил власть, так?

But here's the thing- Mussolini was not dictator yet, he was merely the next in a Но вот в чем дело – Муссолини пока не диктатор, он просто очередной

long line of prime ministers. премьер-министр в длинном списке.

No one expected him to stay in power, and why would they? Кто мог ожидать, что он останется у власти?

The Fascists only have a minority of the government posts and Mussolini has lost the trust of В правительстве у фашистов меньшинство, и Муссолини потерял доверие

almost every party in parliament. почти всех партий в парламенте.

Everyone agrees that Mussolini will quickly be replaced like all of the other prime ministers. Все уверены, что Муссолини быстро сместят, как предыдущих премьер-министров.

They're wrong... with continued para-military support, Mussolini will stay in power. И ошибаются: с поддержкой военизированных отрядов Муссолини останется у власти.

Over the next five years his Blackshirts will continue to intimidate, oppress and murder Следующие пять лет его чернорубашечники продолжат запугивать, притеснять и убивать

Fascist opponents into submission and by 1927 Mussolini will have become Dictator of Italy. своих оппонентов, подчиняя их, и к 1927 году Муссолини станет диктатором Италии.

His rise to power and his violent methods will not only cause great havoc in Italy, Его приход к власти и насильственные методы не только вызовут большой хаос в Италии,

but will serve as a blueprint for all future Fascist inspired movements. но и послужат образцом для всех будущих фашистских организаций.

In Germany, with the addition of some German efficiency, Mussolini's methods will be В Германии к методам Муссолини добавят немного немецкой эффективности, чтобы

soon be taken to an even more aggressive and oppressive level. сделать их ещё более агрессивными и подавляющими сопротивление.

To get our episodes ahead of time and support the effort to make more content like this, Чтобы смотреть наши видео раньше и получать больше такого контента, как этот,

join The TimeGhost Army on Patreon, or directly on our timeghost.tv site. присоединяйтесь к армии TimeGhost на Патреоне или напрямую на нашем сайте timeghost.tv.

There you can also sign up to our Forum for free. Там вы также можете бесплатно зарегистрироваться на нашем форуме.

Links in the description. Ссылки в описании.

If you missed our episode about how Hitler formed the Nazi Party in 1920 and the German Если вы пропустили видео о том, как Гитлер образовал нацистскую партию в 1920 году,

people resisted an extreme right wing coup, it's right here. а немцы сопротивлялись крайнему правому перевороту, кликайте прямо здесь.

And if you haven't already - subscribe to TimeGhost and World War Two on YouTube. А если вы еще этого не сделали - подпишитесь на каналы TimeGhost и Вторая мировая война на YouTube.

World War Two week by week starts on September 1 2018. Вторая мировая война неделя за неделей начинается 1 сентября 2018 года.

See you next time, Salute! До встречи в следующем выпуске!