9: Hva er etikk og hva er forskjellen mellom etikk og moral? what|is|ethics|and|what|is|the difference|between|ethics|and|morality 9: Was ist Ethik und was ist der Unterschied zwischen Ethik und Moral? 9: ¿Qué es la ética y cuál es la diferencia entre ética y moral? 9: Wat is ethiek en wat is het verschil tussen ethiek en moraliteit? 9: What is ethics and what is the difference between ethics and morality?

**[HVA ER FORSKJELLEN MELLOM ETIKK OG MORAL?]** what|is|the difference|between|ethics|and|morality] [WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ETHICS AND MORALITY?]

Moral er..... morality|is Morality is.....

Veldig mange skiller ikke mellom etikk og moral, - very|many|distinguish|not|between|ethics|and|morality Many people do not distinguish between ethics and morality, -

- bruker dem synonymt om hverandre, disse begrepene. use|them|synonymously|about|each other|these|concepts - use these terms synonymously with each other.

Men de som skiller mellom etikk og moral, - but|those|who|distinguish|between|ethics|and|morality But those who distinguish between ethics and morality, -

- de mener at moral, det er de konkrete reglene og normene i et gitt samfunn. they|mean|that|morality|it|is|the|concrete|rules|and|norms|in|a|given|society - they believe that morality is the concrete rules and norms in a given society.

Mens etikken, det er begrunnelsene, - while|ethics|it|is|justifications While ethics is the justifications, -

- altså det er etiske teorier som begrunner forskjellige regler og normer. thus|it|are|ethical|theories|that|justify|different|rules|and|norms - so there are ethical theories that justify different rules and norms.

Så la oss si at moralen sier: so|let|us|say|that|morality|says So let's say that morality says:

Det er ikke lov å drepe. it|is|not|allowed|to|kill It is not allowed to kill.

Så sier etikken: so|says|ethics Then ethics says:

Det er ikke lov å drepe, fordi... it|is|not|allowed|to|kill|because It is not allowed to kill, because...

Det er en begrunnelse av moralen. it|is|a|justification|of|morality It is a justification of morality.

**[HVA ER ETIKK?]** what|is|ethics [WHAT IS ETHICS?]

Etikk er en av grenene av filosofifaget, - ethics|is|a|of|branches|of|field of philosophy Ethics is one of the branches of the field of philosophy, -

- og det er den grenen som handler om hvordan vi bør handle. |it|is|that|branch|that|deals|about|how|we|should|act - and it is the branch that deals with how we should act.

Altså hva som er målestokken for å vurdere - thus|what|that|is|measure|for|to|evaluate In other words, what the standard is for evaluating -

- om en handling er rett eller gal. whether|an|action|is|right|or|wrong - whether an action is right or wrong.

Så det mest sentrale feltet innenfor etikken - so|it|most|central|field|within|ethics So the most central field within ethics -

- er det vi ofte kaller normativ etikk, - - is what we often call normative ethics, -

- som handler om nettopp å prøve å finne ut - - which is precisely about trying to find out -

- hvilke regler er det vi bør legge til grunn for å vurdere om en handling er riktig. - what rules we should base our assessment on to determine if an action is right.

Og så har man to andre felt også: And then there are two other fields as well:

Anvendt etikk, som prøver å anvende etisk teori - applied|ethics|which|tries|to|apply|ethical|theory Applied ethics, which tries to apply ethical theory -

- til forskjellige felt som bioteknologi, - to|different|fields|such as|biotechnology - to different fields such as biotechnology, -

- som politiske spørsmål, - such as|political|questions - such as political issues, -

- som mellommenneskelige spørsmål, - such as|interpersonal|questions - such as interpersonal issues, -

- som også anvender, anvendt etikk. ||applies|applied|ethics - that also applies, applied ethics.

Så er det et felt som heter metaetikk, - so|is|it|a|field|that|is called|metaethics Then there is a field called metaethics, -

- som handler om litt sånne overordnede spørsmål that|deals|with|a little|such|overarching|questions - which deals with somewhat overarching questions

Hva betyr egentlig rett og galt? what|means|actually|right|and|wrong What does right and wrong actually mean?

Hva vil det si at noe er det? what|will|it|say|that|something|is|it What does it mean for something to be right?

Hva er det med de tingene som er rette, som gjør at de er rette? what|is|it|with|those|things|that|are|right|that|makes|that|they|are|right What is it about the things that are right that makes them right?

Og hvordan kan vi vite at en handling er rett? and|how|can|we|know|that|an|action|is|right And how can we know that an action is right?

Altså, hvis jeg gjør noe, - so|if|I|do|something So, if I do something, -

- utfører en handling, så kan man jo se på handlingen min rent fysisk. performs|an|action|then|can|one|indeed|see|at|the action|my|purely|physically - performs an action, so one can look at my action in a purely physical sense.

Man kan observere hva som fysisk skjer. one|can|observe|what|that|physically| One can observe what is physically happening.

Men hvis man mener dette er en rett handling, eller en gal handling, - but|if|one|thinks|this|is|a|right|action|or|a|wrong|action But if one believes this is a right action, or a wrong action, -

- hva er det egentlig man ser da? what|is|it|really|one|sees|then - what is it that one is actually seeing then?

Hvordan vet man det? how|know|one|it How does one know that? Hvor ligger den informasjonen? where|lies|that|information Where is that information located?

Det er spørsmål som er knyttet til metaetikk. it|is|questions|that|are|connected|to|metaethics These are questions related to metaethics.

Så etikk som sådan handler altså om rett og gal handling, - so|ethics|that|as such|deals|thus|about|right|and|wrong|action So ethics as such is about right and wrong action, -

- og om ulike filosofiske spørsmål som er knyttet til det. and|about|various|philosophical|questions|that|are|connected|to|it - and about various philosophical questions related to it.

**[FINNES DET FASITSVAR I ETIKKEN?]** EXISTS|IT|ANSWERS|IN|ETHICS] [ARE THERE DEFINITE ANSWERS IN ETHICS?]

Det kommer an på hvem du spør. it|comes|depends|on|who|you|ask It depends on who you ask.

Noen er veldig tilhengere av det - some|are|very|supporters|of|it Some are very supportive of it -

- og mener at det finnes absolutte svar: and|think|that|it|exists|absolute|answers - and believes that there are absolute answers:

"Du skal aldri drepe!" you|shall|never|kill "You shall never kill!" "Du skal aldri lyve! you|shall|never|lie "You shall never lie!" ", for eksempel. for|example ", for example.

Mens andre, kanskje de fleste filosofer, - while|others|perhaps|the|most|philosophers While others, perhaps most philosophers, -

- vil mene at i noen tilfeller - will|think|that|in|some|cases - will believe that in some cases -

- vil vi havne i situasjoner hvor vi må bryte - will|we|end up|in|situations|where|we|must|break - we will find ourselves in situations where we must break -

- med disse grunnleggende prinsippene. with|these|fundamental|principles - with these fundamental principles.

Og det er jo det moralen handler om. and|it|is|indeed|that|the moral|deals|with And that is what the moral is about.

Den handler om moralske dilemmaer, - it|deals|with|moral|dilemmas It is about moral dilemmas, -

- situasjoner hvor ingen av løsningene er ideelle. situations|where|none|of|the solutions|are|ideal - situations where none of the solutions are ideal.

For eksempel: for|example For example:

Alle vil si at hvis du har muligheten til å hjelpe en gammel dame over gaten, - everyone|will|say|that|if|you|have|opportunity|to|to|help|a|old|woman|across|street Everyone will say that if you have the opportunity to help an old lady across the street, -

- så bør du gjøre det. then|should|you|do|it - then you should do it.

Men: but But:

Det moralske dilemmaet oppstår hvis du, ved å hjelpe den gamle damen, - the|moral|dilemma|arises|if|you|by|to|help|the|old|woman The moral dilemma arises if by helping the old lady, -

- risikerer ditt eget liv. you risk|your|own|life - risk your own life.

Bør du da gjøre det? should|you|then|do|it Should you then do it?

Eller, hvis du har valget – hvis du må velge mellom å redde den gamle damen over veien, - or|if|you|have|the choice|if|you|must|choose|between|to|save|the|old|woman|across|the road Or, if you have the choice – if you have to choose between saving the old lady across the street, -

- eller redde et lite barn – hvem bør du redde da? or|save|a|small|child|who|should|you|save|then - or saving a small child – who should you save then?

Da er vi inne i de moralske dilemmaene, - then|are|we|inside|in|the|moral|dilemmas Then we are into the moral dilemmas, -

- og her mener jeg det nærmest er farlig å tro på - and|here|think|I|it|almost|is|dangerous|to|believe|in - and here I believe it is almost dangerous to believe in -

- at det finnes fasiter, - that|it|exists|answers - that there are definitive answers, -

- fordi det vitner om at man ikke har satt seg inn i dilemmaet - because|it|testifies|about|that|one|not|has|put|oneself|into|in|the dilemma - because it indicates that one has not engaged with the dilemma -

- og ser hvilke hensyn som står mot hverandre. and|see|which|considerations|that|stand|against|each other - and see which considerations are in conflict with each other.