Sveriges demokratisering förklarad | HISTORIA | Gymnasienivå (1) Sweden|democratization|explained|history|high school level Schwedens Demokratisierung erklärt | GESCHICHTE | Oberstufe (1) Ο εκδημοκρατισμός της Σουηδίας | ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ | Γυμνάσιο (1) Demokratyzacja Szwecji | HISTORIA | Poziom szkoły średniej (1) İsveç'in demokratikleşmesi açıklandı | TARİH | Lise seviyesi (1) Sweden's democratization explained | HISTORY | High school level (1)

Idén om att alla vuxna har rätt att rösta var inte alltid självklar. the idea|that|to|all|adults|have|right|to|vote|was|not|always|obvious The idea that all adults have the right to vote was not always obvious.

Länge ansågs det som en extrem tanke- ||||||Gedanke for a long time|was considered|it|as|an|extreme|thought Uzun bir süre aşırı bir düşünce olarak kabul edildi- For a long time, it was considered an extreme thought -

-att kvinnor eller fattiga skulle ha rätt att gå till vallokalen. that|women|or|poor|would|have|right|to|go|to|polling station -kadınların veya yoksulların sandık başına gitme hakkı olacaktı. -that women or the poor should have the right to go to the polling station.

Demokrati är en process, och den går inte bara från mörkret mot ljuset- democracy|is|a|process|and|it|goes|not|only|from|darkness|towards|light Demokrasi bir süreçtir ve sadece karanlıktan aydınlığa geçmez. Democracy is a process, and it does not just go from darkness to light -

-utan demokratin är hela tiden utmanad. |||||challenged but|the democracy|is|whole|time|challenged - ama demokrasiye sürekli meydan okunuyor. -but democracy is constantly challenged.

Hur länge har Sverige egentligen varit en demokrati? how|long|have|Sweden|actually|been|a|democracy İsveç gerçekte ne kadar zamandır bir demokrasidir? How long has Sweden actually been a democracy?

Och hur gick det till när den infördes? and|how|went|it|to|when|it|was introduced Ve tanıtıldığında nasıl oldu? And how was it introduced?

Här har vi en valurna i trä med två olikfärgade behållare. here|have|we|a|ballot box|in|wood|with|two|differently colored|containers Burada iki farklı renkte sandık bulunan ahşap bir oy sandığımız var. Here we have a wooden ballot box with two differently colored containers.

Man når dem genom att stoppa in handen. De är märkta med ja och nej. one|reaches|them|through|to|put|in|hand|they|are|marked|with|yes|and|no Elinizi sokarak onlara ulaşırsınız. Evet ve hayır olarak işaretlenirler. You can reach them by putting your hand in. They are marked with yes and no.

Utan att avslöja vad man röstar på ska man kunna stoppa in handen- without|to|reveal|what|one|votes|on|shall|one|be able to|put|in|hand Neye oy verdiğinizi açıklamadan, elinizi koyabilmelisiniz. Without revealing what you are voting for, you should be able to put your hand in-

-och släppa en kula i det ena eller andra hålet. |release|a|ball|in|the|one|or|other|hole -ve bir ya da diğer deliğe bir kurşun atın. -and drop a ball into one hole or the other.

Sen går det att ta loss behållaren nedtill och räkna rösterna. then|goes|it|to|take|off|the container|at the bottom|and|count|the votes Daha sonra alttaki kabı kaldırıp oyları sayabilirsiniz. Then it is possible to detach the container at the bottom and count the votes.

Valurnan från 1700-talet var ett inslag av nåt som liknade demokrati. the ballot box|from|the 1700s|was|an|element|of|something|that|resembled|democracy 18\. yüzyıldan kalma sandık, demokrasiye benzeyen bir şeyin unsuruydu. The ballot box from the 18th century was an element of something that resembled democracy.

Men långt från alla fick stoppa in handen. but|far|from|all|got|to put|in|the hand Ama bunda herkesin parmağı yoktu. But far from everyone was allowed to put their hand in.

Urnan var reserverad för män som betalade en ansenlig summa skatt. the ballot box|was|reserved|for|men|who|paid|a|considerable|amount|tax The ballot box was reserved for men who paid a considerable amount of tax.

Demokratisering handlar om vilka som får vara med att bestämma- democratization|is about|about|who|that|are allowed|to be|with|to|decide Democratization is about who gets to participate in decision-making -

-och hur det förändras över tid. Men vill människor dela på makten? and|how|it|changes|over|time|but|want|people|share|on|power -and how that changes over time. But do people want to share power?

Jag tror att människor i grunden vill samarbeta. Vi är flockdjur. I|believe|that|people|in|essence|want|cooperate|we|are|herd animals Ich glaube, dass die Menschen grundsätzlich kooperieren wollen. Wir sind Rudeltiere. Bence insanlar temelde işbirliği yapmak istiyor. Biz yük hayvanıyız. I believe that people fundamentally want to cooperate. We are social animals.

Det förutsätter att man delar på makten. Att inte en bestämmer allt. it|requires|that|one|shares|on|power|that|not|one|decides|everything Gücün paylaşıldığını varsayar. Her şeye bir kişinin karar vermemesi. This assumes that power is shared. That not one person decides everything.

Det är nog nåt djupt mänskligt att göra saker tillsammans. it|is|probably|something|deep|human|to|do|things|together It is probably something deeply human to do things together.

Jag tror att alla som har makten är ovilliga att dela med sig av den. ||||||||unwillig|||||| I|believe|that|everyone|who|have|power|are|unwilling|to|share|with|themselves|of|it Ich glaube, dass jeder, der Macht hat, sie nur ungern teilt. Bence gücü olan herkes onu paylaşmaktan çekiniyor. I believe that everyone who has power is unwilling to share it.

Varje form av demokratisering sker genom ett tryck underifrån. ||||||||von unten every|form|of|democratization|happens|through|a|pressure|from below Her türlü demokratikleşme aşağıdan gelen baskıyla gerçekleşir. Every form of democratization occurs through pressure from below.

Människor sluter sig samman, ställer krav och genomdriver förändringar. people|close|themselves|together|set|demands|and|push through|changes İnsanlar bir araya gelir, taleplerde bulunur ve değişimi yönlendirir. People come together, make demands, and push for change.

De första diskussionerna om demokrati skedde nog i Aten för 2 000 år sen. the|first|discussions|about|democracy|took place|probably|in|Athens|for|years|ago The first discussions about democracy probably took place in Athens 2,000 years ago.

Den verkliga diskussionen om hur samhället skulle demokratiseras- the|real|discussion|about|how|society|would|be democratized The real discussion about how society should be democratized -

-började kanske för 200 år sen, i början på 1800-talet. ||||||Anfang|| began|perhaps|for|years|ago|in|beginning|of|the 1800s - perhaps began 200 years ago, in the early 1800s.

Vi tar oss till Sverige för cirka 200 år sen och början av 1800-talet. |||||||Jahr||||| we|take|ourselves|to|Sweden|for|about|years|ago|and|beginning|of|the 1800s Let's go to Sweden about 200 years ago and the beginning of the 1800s.

Till 1809 för att vara exakt. |für||| until|to|to|be|exact Until 1809 to be exact.

Det året sluter Sverige fred med Ryssland och förlorar Finland. that|year|concludes|Sweden|peace|with|Russia|and|loses|Finland O yıl İsveç, Rusya ile barışır ve Finlandiya'yı kaybeder. That year, Sweden makes peace with Russia and loses Finland.

Det tycker många är för dåligt, och den som får skulden är kungen. that|think|many|is|too|bad|and|the|who|gets|blame|is|the king Birçoğu bunun çok kötü olduğunu düşünüyor ve suçlanan kişi kral. Many think that is too bad, and the one who gets the blame is the king.

Man förändrar grundlagen och inför en tredelad maktdelning- one|changes|constitution|and|introduces|a|three-part|separation of powers The constitution is changed and a three-part division of power is introduced.

-mellan den lagstiftande, beslutande och dömande. between|the|legislative|executive|and|judicial -yasama, karar verme ve yargılama arasında. -between the legislative, executive, and judicial.

Sverige tar nu ett litet steg mot att bli en demokrati. Sweden|takes|now|a|small|step|towards|to|become|a|democracy Sweden is now taking a small step towards becoming a democracy.

En ny grundlag ger riksdagen ökat inflytande– a|new|constitution|gives|the parliament|increased|influence A new constitution gives the parliament increased influence–

–och tydliggör vad kungen får bestämma om. |macht deutlich||||| and|clarifies|what|the king|is allowed|to decide|about -und klärt, was der König entscheiden kann. –and clarifies what the king is allowed to decide on.

Men trots en ny grundlag är riksdagen inte speciellt uppdaterad. but|despite|a|new|constitution|is|the parliament|not|especially|updated Ancak yeni bir anayasaya rağmen, Riksdag özellikle güncel değil. But despite a new constitution, the parliament is not particularly updated.

Sverige var ett efterblivet land med en ståndsriksdag- Sweden|was|a|backward|country|with|a|estate parliament İsveç, Kurucu Meclisi olan geri kalmış bir ülkeydi. Sweden was a backward country with a estates parliament -

-där adel, präster, borgare och bönder var representerade. where|nobility|clergy|burghers|and|peasants|were|represented - soyluların, rahiplerin, kasabalıların ve çiftçilerin temsil edildiği yer. -where nobility, clergy, burghers, and peasants were represented.

Den hade sina rötter i medeltiden. it|had|its|roots|in|the Middle Ages It had its roots in the Middle Ages.

Befolkningen ökar raskt– the population|increases|rapidly The population is increasing rapidly–

–och förändras med industrialisering och urbanisering. and|changes|with|industrialization|and|urbanization –and is changing with industrialization and urbanization.

Ståndsriksdagen speglar knappast det nya samhället- the estate parliament|reflects|hardly|the|new|society The estate parliament hardly reflects the new society-

-och de grupper som inte är representerade där växer. and|the|groups|that|not|are|represented|there|grow -ve orada temsil edilmeyen gruplar büyüyor. -and the groups that are not represented there are growing.

Här ser vi en illustration av när ståndsriksdagen avslutas för alltid. here|see|we|an|illustration|of|when|the estate parliament|ends|for|always Here we see an illustration of when the Estates Assembly is dissolved forever.

1866 får Sverige en ny, modern riksdag: gets|Sweden|a|new|modern|parliament In 1866, Sweden gets a new, modern parliament:

Tvåkammarriksdagen, med en första och en andra kammare. the bicameral parliament|with|a|first|and|a|second|chamber The bicameral parliament, with a first and a second chamber.

Här ska folket representeras som med- borgare, inte som del av ett stånd. here|shall|the people|be represented|as|||not|as|part|of|an|estate Burada insanlar bir mülkün parçası olarak değil, vatandaş olarak temsil edilmelidir. Here, the people are to be represented as citizens, not as part of an estate.

Vid den tidpunkten är det en viss demokrati- at|that|time|is|it|a|certain|democracy At that time, it is a certain democracy-

-men alla har inte rösträtt och alla är inte valbara. but|all|have|not|voting rights|and|all|are|not|eligible to be elected -but not everyone has the right to vote and not everyone is eligible.

För att få rösta till 2:a kammaren- to|to|get|vote|to|2nd|chamber To be able to vote for the 2nd chamber-

-krävdes en inkomst på minst 800 kronor per år. was required|an|income|of|at least|kronor|per|year -an income of at least 800 kronor per year was required.

Det var nog fler som fick rösta till ståndsriksdagen. it|was|probably|more|who|got|to vote|to|the estate parliament Muhtemelen Stadsriksdag'a oy veren daha fazla insan vardı. There were probably more who got to vote in the estate parliament.

Det blev lite av en besvikelse. |||||Enttäuschung it|became|a little|of|a|disappointment It became somewhat of a disappointment.

Rösträtt i tvåkammarriksdagen har drygt 20 % av alla vuxna män. voting rights|in|the bicameral parliament|has|just over|of|all|adult|men Voting rights in the bicameral parliament have just over 20% of all adult men.

6 % av hela befolkningen oavsett ålder. of|the whole|population|regardless of|age 6% of the entire population regardless of age.

Men ur besvikelsen växer nåt nytt. but|from|disappointment|grows|something|new But from the disappointment, something new grows.

Många var utestängda från politiskt inflytande. many|were|excluded|from|political|influence Many were excluded from political influence.

Därför sökte man andra former för att påverka samhället. therefore|sought|one|other|forms|to|to|influence|society Therefore, other forms were sought to influence society.

I ett nytt samhälle behövs nya sätt att skapa samhörighet. in|a|new|society|needed|new|ways|to|create|belonging In a new society, new ways to create belonging are needed.

I slutet av 1800-talet uppkommer folkrörelserna. |||||die Volksbewegungen in|the end|of|the 1800s|arise|the popular movements At the end of the 19th century, the popular movements emerge.

Nykterhetsrörelsen, arbetarrörelsen och väckelserörelsen. the temperance movement|the labor movement|and|the revival movement The temperance movement, the labor movement, and the revival movement.

De bidrar till att förändra Sverige i grunden. they|contribute|to|that|change|Sweden|in|the foundation They contribute to fundamentally changing Sweden.

Arbetare på 1 maj- workers|on|May Workers on May 1-

-och så nykterhetsfolket på marsch för att Sverige ska sluta supa. |so|the temperance people|on|march|for|to|Sweden|shall|stop|drinking -and so the temperance people marched for Sweden to stop drinking.

Den största folkrörelsen var då nykterhetsrörelsen. the|largest|popular movement|was|then|the temperance movement The largest popular movement at that time was the temperance movement.

Kanske delvis för att människor söp mycket i Sverige vid den tiden. perhaps|partly|because|that|people|drank|a lot|in|Sweden|at|that|time Perhaps partly because people drank a lot in Sweden at that time.

Men än mer fanns det ett behov av andra mötesplatser. but|still|more|there was|it|a|need|for|other|meeting places Ama dahası, başka buluşma yerlerine ihtiyaç vardı. But even more, there was a need for other meeting places.

Folkrörelserna bidrar till mer än ett nyktrare Sverige. the popular movements|contribute|to|more|than|a|sober|Sweden The popular movements contribute to more than just a sober Sweden.

De blir en skola i praktisk demokrati. they|become|a|school|in|practical|democracy They become a school in practical democracy.

Folkrörelserna byggde upp de moderna politiska partierna. the popular movements|built|up|the|modern|political|parties The popular movements built up the modern political parties.

Det dröjer rätt länge innan partierna växer fram, i slutet på 1800-talet. it|takes|quite|long|before|the parties|grow|forth|in|end|of|the 1800s It takes quite a while before the parties emerge, at the end of the 1800s.

1889 växer det Socialdemokratiska arbetarpartiet fram. grows|the|Social Democratic|workers' party|forward In 1889, the Social Democratic Workers' Party emerges.

I samband med det växer också högerns partier och ett liberalt parti fram. in|connection|with|that|grows|also|the right's|parties|and|a|liberal|party|forward In connection with this, the right-wing parties and a liberal party also emerge.

Hjalmar Branting - Socialdemokratiska arbetarpartiets första partiledare. |||||Parteivorsitzender Hjalmar|Branting|Social Democratic|workers' party's|first|party leader Hjalmar Branting - the first party leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party.

Här pratar han med kungen. Branting kom från den välbärgade medelklassen- |||||||||wohlhabenden| here|talks|he|with|the king|Branting|came|from|the|affluent|middle class Burada kralla konuşuyor. Branting varlıklı orta sınıftan geliyordu. Here he is talking with the king. Branting came from the affluent middle class.

-och hade varit skolkamrat med Gustaf V. |had|been|schoolmate|with|Gustaf|V -and had been a schoolmate of Gustaf V.

Dock är det förstås Branting som tar av sig hatten! however|is|it|of course|Branting|who|takes|off|himself|hat However, it is of course Branting who takes off his hat!

För Branting är rösträtten viktig - att fler kan rösta i nya riksdagen. for|Branting|is|the right to vote|important|that|more|can|vote|in|new|parliament For Branting, the right to vote is important - that more can vote in the new parliament.

Den frågan är även viktig för det liberala partiet. that|question|is|also|important|for|the|liberal|party This issue is also important for the liberal party.

Partiledaren är Karl Staaff. Han och Branting gick också i skolan ihop. the party leader|is|Karl|Staaff|he|and|Branting|went|also|in|school|together The party leader is Karl Staaff. He and Branting also went to school together.

Liberalerna är drivande i Sveriges allmänna rösträttsförbund, från 1890. the Liberals|are|driving|in|Sweden's|general|suffrage association|from The Liberals are driving forces in Sweden's general suffrage association, since 1890.

De enda som nu stretar emot allmän rösträtt är den konservativa högern. ||||widersetzen||||||| they|only|who|now|resist|against|universal|suffrage|are|the|conservative|right The only ones now resisting universal suffrage are the conservative right.

Här är de drygt 120 000 personer som 1902 strejkade för rösträtt. here|are|the|just over|people|who|struck|for|suffrage Here are the over 120,000 people who went on strike for suffrage in 1902.

De får vatten på sin kvarn när Sverige inför värnplikt. |||||||||Wehrpflicht they|get|water|on|their|mill|when|Sweden|introduces|conscription İsveç zorunlu askerliği getirdiğinde değirmenlerine yiyecek geliyor. They get water on their mill when Sweden introduces conscription.

Det tog rösträttsanhängarna tag i. it|took|suffrage supporters|hold|in Oy hakkı savunucuları buna el attı. The suffragists took hold of this.

De menade att om man är betrodd att försvara landet, kan man rösta. ||||||vertrauenswürdig|||||| they|meant|that|if|one|is|trusted|to|defend|the country|can|one|vote They argued that if one is trusted to defend the country, one should be able to vote.

"En man, ett gevär och en röst", var deras paroll. a|man|a|rifle|and|a|vote|was|their|slogan "One man, one rifle, and one vote" was their slogan.

Efter en kompromiss får Sverige allmän rösträtt 1909. after|a|compromise|gets|Sweden|universal|suffrage After a compromise, Sweden gets universal suffrage in 1909.

100 år efter den nya grundlagen. years|after|the|new|constitution 100 years after the new constitution.

Alla män över 24 år, som betalar skatt, har gjort värnplikt- all|men|over|years|who|pays|tax|have|done|military service All men over 24 years old, who pay taxes, have completed military service-

-och inte varit i fängelse eller fattigvård, får nu rösta. ||||||Sozialhilfe||| |not|been|in|prison|or|poor relief|gets|now|vote -ve hapishanede ya da yoksullar evinde bulunmamış, artık oy kullanabilir. -and have not been in prison or received poor relief, can now vote.

Kvinnorna är dock kvar på 0 %. the women|are|however|remaining|at The women, however, remain at 0%.

Av hela befolkningen är 19 % röstberättigade. of|the whole|population|are|eligible to vote Of the entire population, 19% are eligible to vote.

Men tanken att koppla rösträtten till pengar, skatt eller egendom... but|the thought|that|to link|the right to vote|to|money|tax|or|property But the idea of linking the right to vote to money, tax, or property...

Hur resonerade man egentligen? Det var ingen ny eller en svensk idé. how|did reason|one|actually|it|was|no|new|or|a|Swedish|idea How did they actually reason? It was not a new or a Swedish idea.

Pengars koppling till rösträtt- money's|connection|to|voting rights The connection between money and voting rights -

-har en lång och internationell historia, så inte bara i Sverige. has|a|long|and|international|history|so|not|only|in|Sweden -uzun ve uluslararası bir tarihe sahiptir, yani sadece İsveç'te değil. - has a long and international history, not just in Sweden.

I flera länder avgjorde pengar om medborgare välkomnades till valurnan. in|several|countries|decided|money|whether|citizens|were welcomed|to|ballot box In several countries, money determined whether citizens were welcomed to the ballot box.

Bra ekonomi eller ägd jord visade att man hade ansvarskänsla för att styra. |||owned||||||Verantwortungsbewusstsein|||steuern good|economy|or|owned|land|showed|that|one|had|sense of responsibility|to|to|govern A good economy or owned land showed that one had a sense of responsibility to govern.

Oansvariga fattiglappar går ju inte lita på... Sorumsuz fakir insanlara güvenilmez... Irresponsible poor people cannot be trusted...

Kopplingen till skatten motiverades med- The connection to the tax was justified by-

-att de som betalade skulle bestämma hur den användes. -that those who paid would decide how it was used.

Det tyckte man var rimligt och vettigt- That was considered reasonable and sensible-

-för de som betalade mycket skatt borde få ta ansvar för- for|those|who|paid|much|tax|should|get|take|responsibility|for -those who paid a lot of taxes should take responsibility for-

-vilka reformer man skulle genomföra. which|reforms|one|would|implement -which reforms should be implemented.

Det fanns även graderad rösträtt som användes i kommuner och landsting. |||gestaffelt||||||| it|existed|also|graded|suffrage|that|was used|in|municipalities|and|county councils Belediyelerde ve ilçe meclislerinde kullanılan dereceli oy hakları da vardı. There was also graded voting rights that were used in municipalities and county councils.

Landstingen tillsatte 1:a kammaren som då påverkades av graderingen. the county councils|appointed|first|chamber|that|then|was influenced|by|the grading İlçe meclisi, daha sonra derecelendirmeden etkilenen 1. daireyi atadı. The county councils appointed the 1st chamber which was then influenced by the grading.

Det var inte systemet "en person, en röst" som vi har i dag- it|was|not|the system|one|person|one|vote|that|we|have|in|today It was not the system of "one person, one vote" that we have today -

-utan man fick fler röster ju mer pengar eller fastigheter man hade. but|one|got|more|votes|the|more|money|or|properties|one|had -but one received more votes the more money or property one had.

Med ingen eller låg inkomst hade man noll röster. with|no|or|low|income|had|one|zero|votes With no or low income, one had zero votes.

Med stora inkomster kunde man ha flera tusen röster. with|large|incomes|could|one|have|several|thousand|votes With large incomes, one could have several thousand votes.

En bild spreds om en svinabonde som förlorade sin rösträtt. |||||Schweinebauer|||| a|picture|spread|about|a|pig farmer|who|lost|his|voting right Oy hakkını kaybeden bir domuz çiftçisi hakkında bir fotoğraf yayıldı. An image spread about a pig farmer who lost his right to vote.

Svinbonden hade ett stort antal röster och mycket djur och ägor. the pig farmer|had|a|large|number|votes|and|many|animals|and|properties The pig farmer had a large number of votes and many animals and properties.

Sen dog svinen i svinpesten. then|died|the pigs|in|the swine fever Then the pigs died from swine fever.

Vid valurnan får han veta att han inte längre har rösträtt. at|the ballot box|gets|he|to know|that|he|not|anymore|has|voting right At the ballot box, he learns that he no longer has the right to vote.

"Var rösträtten min eller svinens?" undrar han då. was|the right to vote|my|or|the pig's|wonders|he|then "Oy hakkı benim miydi, yoksa domuzun mu?" sonra merak eder. "Was the right to vote mine or the pigs'?" he wonders.

Ett fåtal kvinnor som äger egendom tillåts rösta på lokal nivå. a|few|women|who|own|property|are allowed|to vote|at|local|level Mülk sahibi birkaç kadının yerel düzeyde oy kullanmasına izin verilir. A few women who own property are allowed to vote at the local level.

Men till riksdagen är de i början av 1900-talet undantagna rösträtten. but|to|the parliament|are|they|in|beginning|of|the 1900s|exempted|the right to vote But for the parliament, they are excluded from the right to vote in the early 1900s.

1912 hålls en omröstning om kvinnlig rösträtt- is held|a|vote|about|female|suffrage In 1912, a vote is held on women's suffrage-

-efter ett förslag från den liberala regeringen, men det röstas ner. after|a|proposal|from|the|liberal|government|but|it|is voted|down - Liberal hükümetin bir önerisinden sonra, ancak reddedildi. -after a proposal from the liberal government, but it is voted down.

Med ett nytt samhälle och när ståndsriksdagen försvunnit- with|a|new|society|and|when|the estate parliament|has disappeared With a new society and the disappearance of the estates parliament-

-har vi nått en punkt när nästan alla män, och bara män, får rösta... have|we|reached|a|point|when|almost|all|men|and|only|men|are allowed|to vote -we have reached a point where almost all men, and only men, can vote...

Men rösträtt räcker inte för en fungerande demokrati. but|voting rights|is enough|not|for|a|functioning|democracy But suffrage is not enough for a functioning democracy.

Ett annat krav blir starkare: att kungen ska lyssna på de folkvalda- a|other|demand|becomes|stronger|that|the king|shall|listen|to|the|elected representatives Another demand becomes stronger: that the king should listen to the elected representatives-

-och låta regeringen styra. Ett världskrig ställer det på sin spets. ||||a|world war|puts|it|on|its|tip -and let the government rule. A world war puts this to the test.

1913, året innan 1:a världskriget bryter ut, pågår en politisk strid. the year|before|1st|world war|breaks|out|is ongoing|a|political|conflict 1913, the year before World War I breaks out, a political struggle is ongoing.

På ena sidan den liberala regeringen och Socialdemokraterna- on|one|side|the|liberal|government|and|the Social Democrats On one side, the liberal government and the Social Democrats-

-som vill skära ner försvarsbudgeten och satsa på sociala reformer. who|wants|to cut|down|the defense budget|and|to invest|in|social|reforms -who want to cut the defense budget and invest in social reforms.

På andra sidan högern, som vill rusta upp militären. on|other|side|the right|who|wants|to strengthen|up|the military On the other side, the right, who want to strengthen the military.

Kungen är också sugen på ett starkt försvar. the king|is|also|eager|for|a|strong|defense The king is also keen on a strong defense.

Det kommer till sin spets 1914 i bondetåget- |kommt|||||Bauernaufstand it|will come|to|its|peak|in|the peasant train 1914'te köylü treninde doruğa ulaşır. It comes to a head in 1914 in the farmers' march-

-när en stark grupp bestämmer sig för att stötta kungen. when|a|strong|group|decides|to|to|to|support|the king -when a strong group decides to support the king.

Här är ett inträdeskort till ett föredrag. here|is|a|entrance ticket|to|a|lecture İşte bir konuşmaya giriş bileti. Here is an admission ticket to a lecture.

Överst står det "bondetåget". at the top|says|it|the peasant train En üstte "çiftçi treni" yazıyor. At the top it says "the peasant march".

Det här lilla inträdeskortet är en del- this|here|little|entrance ticket|is|a|part This little admission ticket is a part-

-i den stora marknadsföring som gjordes av händelsen. |the|large|marketing|that|was done|by|the event -Etkinliğin yaptığı büyük tanıtımda. -in the large marketing that was done for the event.

Här ser vi tåget. here|see|we|the train Here we see the train.

30 000 bönder på protestmarsch mot nedskärningar inom försvaret. ||||Kürzungen|| farmers|on|protest march|against|cuts|in|defense 30.000 çiftçi, savunma kesintilerine karşı bir protesto yürüyüşünde. 30,000 farmers on a protest march against cuts in defense.

De går mot slottet för att höra ett tal av kung Gustaf V. they|walk|towards|the castle|to|to|hear|a|speech|by|king|Gustaf|V Kral V. Gustaf'ın konuşmasını dinlemek için kaleye doğru giderler. They are heading towards the castle to hear a speech by King Gustaf V.

Det är en kylig tisdag den 6 februari 1914, och det är en riktig happening. it|is|a|chilly|Tuesday|the|February|and|it|is|a|real|happening 6 Şubat 1914'te soğuk bir Salı ve bu gerçek bir olay. It is a chilly Tuesday, February 6, 1914, and it is a real happening.

Det fanns en hel del av det vi skulle kalla "merch". it|there was|a|whole|lot|of|it|we|would|call|merch There was quite a bit of what we would call "merch."

Man tryckte pappmuggar som det stod bondetåget på, och delade ut saker. one|printed|paper cups|that|it|said|the peasant train|on|and|distributed|out|things Üzerlerinde çiftçi treni olan karton bardaklar bastırdılar ve bir şeyler dağıttılar. They printed paper cups that said "the peasant train" on them, and handed out things.

Det fanns också instruktioner till deltagarna innan de skulle komma. it|there were|also|instructions|to|the participants|before|they|would|come There were also instructions for the participants before they were to arrive.

Många var ovana vid Stockholm, så de skulle akta sig för olika saker. many|were|unaccustomed|to|Stockholm|so|they|would|watch out|themselves|for|different|things Many were unaccustomed to Stockholm, so they should be careful about various things.

De ska inte heller bära stormhatt när de tågar till kungen. |||||Sturmhaube||||| they|will|not|either|wear|storm hat|when|they|march|to|the king Krala gittiklerinde fırtına şapkaları da giymemeliler. They should also not wear top hats when they march to the king.

Det beror nog på att det inte ska se ut att vara för mycket överklass. it|depends|probably|on|that|it|not|will|look|out|that|be|too|much|upper class It probably depends on not wanting it to look like too much upper class.

Bönderna samlas vid slottet, och för att alla ska kunna höra talet- the peasants|gather|at|the castle|and|for|to|everyone|will|be able to|hear|the speech The peasants gather at the castle, and so that everyone can hear the speech-

-upprepas det av kronprinsen på Slottsbacken– repeated|it|by|the crown prince|at|Slottsbacken - veliaht prens tarafından Slottsbacken'de tekrarlanır– -it is repeated by the crown prince at Slottsbacken–

–och av prins Carl på yttre borggården. and|by|prince|Carl|at|outer|courtyard –and by Prince Carl in the outer courtyard.

Så fick det gå till innan det fanns effektiva högtalare. so|got|it|go|to|before|it|existed|effective|speakers Etkili konuşmacılar olmadan önce böyle olması gerekiyordu. That was how it had to be done before there were effective loudspeakers.

Kungens tal går till historien. the king's|speech|goes|to|history Kralın konuşması tarihe geçer. The king's speech goes down in history.

Han talar om att öka försvarsbudgeten och om "min armé" och "min flotta". he|speaks|about|to|increase|defense budget|and|about|my|army|and|my|navy He talks about increasing the defense budget and about "my army" and "my navy."

Det går dels stick i stäv mot regeringens vilja- it|goes|partly|contrary|in|conflict|against|the government's|will Kısmen hükümetin iradesine aykırıdır- This partly goes against the government's will -

-och dels verkar kungen göra anspråk på att själv få styra. and|partly|seems|the king|to make|claims|on|to|himself|to get|to govern - and partly it seems the king is claiming the right to govern himself.

Kungens tal skapar en politisk kris. the king's|speech|creates|a|political|crisis The king's speech creates a political crisis.

Dagen efter sker en demonstration mot kungen, och regeringen avgår. the day|after|happens|a|demonstration|against|the king|and|the government|resigns The day after, a demonstration against the king takes place, and the government resigns.

Kungen borde ha stöttat sin regering, men när han inte gör det avgår den. the king|should|have|supported|his|government|but|when|he|not|does|it|resigns|it The king should have supported his government, but when he does not, it resigns.

En ny, försvarsvänlig regering tar plats. a|new|defense-friendly|government|takes|place A new, defense-friendly government takes office.

Men det råder inte bara kamp om regeringens inflytande. but|it|reigns|not|only|struggle|for|the government's|influence Ancak sadece hükümetin nüfuzu için bir mücadele yok. But there is not only a struggle for the government's influence.

Kvinnorna blir allt mer otåliga över att fortfarande inte ens ha rösträtt. the women|become|increasingly|more|impatient|about|that|still|not|even|to have|voting rights Kadınlar hala oy kullanma haklarına bile sahip olmadıkları için giderek daha fazla sabırsızlanıyorlar. Women are becoming increasingly impatient about still not having the right to vote.

Kvinnorna är arga på att det inte förändras för dem. the women|are|angry|at|that|it|not|changes|for|them Women are angry that things are not changing for them.

Men både Socialdemokraterna och Liberalerna menar- but|both|the Social Democrats|and|the Liberals|they mean But both the Social Democrats and the Liberals argue -

-att de först måste ta den manliga rösträtten och rösta in fler. that|they|first|must|take|the|male|voting right|and|vote|in|more -that they must first take the male right to vote and elect more.

De kan sen driva frågan om kvinnlig rösträtt inomparlamentariskt. they|can|then|drive|the question|about|female|suffrage|within parliamentary They can then advocate for women's suffrage within the parliamentary system.

I början av 1900-talet har engagerade kvinnor bildat F.K.P.R.- in|beginning|of|the 1900s|have|engaged|women|formed|||| In the early 1900s, engaged women formed the F.K.P.R.-

-Föreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt. the association|for|woman's|political|suffrage -Association for Women's Political Suffrage.

Här samlas flera tongivande personer, som Anna Lindhagen och Elin Wägner. here|gather|several|influential|people|such as|Anna|Lindhagen|and|Elin|Wägner Here, several influential figures gather, such as Anna Lindhagen and Elin Wägner.

De gör t.ex. en stor namninsamling. they|do|||a|large|petition They are doing, for example, a large petition.

1913 får de ihop 350 000 röster. get|they|together|votes In 1913, they gather 350,000 votes.

Det är ju våldsamma mängder av underskrifter. it|is|after all|violent|amounts|of|signatures That is indeed a massive number of signatures.

Man överlämnar dem till regeringen och säger att det är deras tur nu. one|hands over|them|to|the government|and|says|that|it|is|their|turn|now They hand them over to the government and say that it is their turn now.

Men då bryter 1:a världskriget ut och det blir stillestånd i frågorna. but|then|breaks|first|world war|out|and|it|becomes|stalemate|in|the questions Ama sonra 1. Dünya Savaşı çıkar ve meselelerde bir duraksama olur. But then World War I breaks out and there is a standstill in the questions.

Kriget gör också att konflikten kring kungens agerande ebbar ut. ||||||||nachlässt| the war|makes|also|that|the conflict|around|the king's|actions|ebbs|out Savaş aynı zamanda kralın eylemlerini çevreleyen çatışmanın da yatışmasına neden olur. The war also causes the conflict surrounding the king's actions to fade.

Det är inget snack om att man måste satsa på försvaret. it|is|no|talk|about|that|one|must|invest|in|the defense There is no doubt that one must invest in defense.

Vissa säger att Gustaf V hade en förbaskad tur att ett krig bröt ut. |||||||verdammt|||||| some|say|that|Gustaf|V|had|a|damn|luck|that|a|war|broke|out Some say that Gustaf V was damn lucky that a war broke out.

Men ett världskrig för inte enbart med sig tur, utan även bistra tider. |||||||||||bitter| but|a|world war|for|not|only|with|themselves|luck|but|also|harsh|times But a world war brings not only fortune, but also grim times.

"Bröd! Våra små hungrar." Det råder hungersnöd i Sverige- bread|our|small|they are hungry|it|prevails|famine|in|Sweden "Bread! Our little ones are hungry." There is famine in Sweden -

-och på flera orter organiserar arbetarkvinnor protestmarscher. and|in|several|places|organize|working women|protest marches -and in several places, working women are organizing protest marches.

I Stockholm samlas tusentals arbetare för att protestera mot nödläget. in|Stockholm|gather|thousands|workers|to|to|protest|against|the emergency In Stockholm, thousands of workers gather to protest against the emergency situation.

Detta ett stenkast från riksdagen, så att ropen hörs in. this|a|stone's throw|from|the parliament|so|that|the shouts|are heard|inside Bu, Riksdag'dan bir taş atımı, böylece çığlıklar duyuluyor. This is a stone's throw from the parliament, so that the shouts can be heard inside.

När arbetarna anfalls av ridande polis bryter våldsamheter ut. ||angegriffen|||||| when|the workers|are attacked|by|mounted|police|breaks|violence|out İşçiler atlı polislerin saldırısına uğradığında şiddet olayları başlar. When the workers are attacked by mounted police, violence breaks out.

Här ser vi Hjalmar Branting som försöker lugna demonstranterna. here|see|we|Hjalmar|Branting|who|tries|to calm|the demonstrators Here we see Hjalmar Branting trying to calm the demonstrators.

Det blir allt mer hetsigt i Sverige. Socialdemokratiska partiet splittras- it|becomes|increasingly|more|heated|in|Sweden|Social Democratic|party|is splitting It is becoming increasingly heated in Sweden. The Social Democratic Party is splitting.

-och en revolutionär del bryter sig loss. |a|revolutionary|part|breaks|oneself|free -ve devrimci bir parça serbest kalır. -and a revolutionary part breaks away.

1917 vinner Liberalerna valet- wins|the Liberals|the election In 1917, the Liberals win the election-

-och bildar regering med Socialdemokraterna. |forms|government|with|the Social Democrats -and form a government with the Social Democrats.

Men trots att statsminister Nils Edén kräver och får ett löfte av kungen- but|despite|that|prime minister|Nils|Edén|demands|and|gets|a|promise|from|the king But despite Prime Minister Nils Edén demanding and receiving a promise from the king-

-att han ska följa parlamentarismens principer, är det oroligt i Sverige. that|he|will|follow|of parliamentarism|principles|is|it|worrying|in|Sweden - Parlamentarizm ilkelerine uyması gerektiği, İsveç'te endişeleniyor. -that he should follow the principles of parliamentarism, there is unrest in Sweden.

Hungern är stor och många undrar varför hälften av folket, kvinnorna- hunger|is|great|and|many|wonder|why|half|of|the people|the women Hunger is great and many wonder why half of the population, the women-

-fortfarande inte har nåt inflytande över makten. still|not|have|any|influence|over|power -still have no influence over power.

Den viktigaste orsaken var nog- the|most important|reason|was|probably The most important reason was probably-

-att männen inte ville dela med sig av sin privilegier. that|the men|not|wanted|share|with|themselves|of|their|privileges -that the men did not want to share their privileges.

"Giv rösträtt åt kvinnorna och bröd åt arbetarhemmen", står det. give|voting rights|to|the women|and|bread|to|working-class homes|stands|it "Give women the right to vote and bread to working-class homes," it says.

Som om ett helt folk vore på marsch. as|if|a|whole|people|were|on|march As if an entire people were on the march.

I Europa sker stora folkliga revolutioner. in|Europe|happen|large|popular|revolutions In Europe, large popular revolutions are taking place.

Ska det bli revolution även i Sverige? shall|it|become|revolution|also|in|Sweden Will there be a revolution in Sweden as well?

Vi hade haft hungerkravaller och matbrist. Det fanns en social oro. |||||Nahrungsmangel||||| we|had|had|hunger riots|and|food shortage|it|existed|a|social|unrest We had experienced hunger riots and food shortages. There was social unrest.

En kanonbåt skyddade regering och riksdag från kuppförsök. a|cannon boat|protected|government|and|parliament|from|coup attempts A gunboat protected the government and parliament from coup attempts.

Gustaf V är nervös. I andra länder har kejsare och kungar störtats. Gustaf|V|is|nervous|in|other|countries|have|emperors|and|kings|been overthrown Gustaf V is nervous. In other countries, emperors and kings have been overthrown.

Han trycker på för att ge efter för folkets krav. he|presses|on|to|to|give|after|to|the people's|demands Halkın taleplerine teslim olmaya zorluyor. He pushes to give in to the people's demands.

1:a kammaren vill inte ha förändring. first|chamber|wants|not|to have|change The first chamber does not want change.

På grund av de orättvisa valreglerna domineras den av de konservativa- due|basis|of|the|unfair|election rules|is dominated|it|by|the|conservatives Adil olmayan seçim kuralları nedeniyle, muhafazakarların hakimiyetindedir. Due to the unfair electoral rules, it is dominated by the conservatives -

-men även där växer oron. but|also|there|grows|concern -but even there, concern is growing.

Först i november 1918 sker revolutionerna i Tyskland. first|in|November|happens|the revolutions|in|Germany The revolutions in Germany occur in early November 1918.

Och då blir läget så allvarligt- and|then|becomes|the situation|so|serious And then the situation becomes so serious-

-att de konservativa går med på förändringen av rösträtten. that|they|conservatives|go|with|to|the change|of|the voting rights -that the conservatives agree to the change in voting rights.

Den 17 december 1918 händer det historiska! the|December|happens|it|historic On December 17, 1918, the historic event happens!

Riksdagens båda kammare samlas till ett extrainkallat möte. the parliament's|both|chambers|gather|for|a|extra|meeting The two chambers of the Parliament convene for a specially convened meeting.

Alla partier är överens om att införa lika och allmän rösträtt- all|parties|are|agreed|on|to|introduce|equal|and|universal|suffrage All parties agree to introduce equal and universal suffrage -

-för män och kvinnor. for|men|and|women -for men and women.

Samtidigt ändras reglerna för 1:a kammaren, som blir demokratiskt vald. at the same time|are changed|the rules|for|first|chamber|which|becomes|democratically|elected At the same time, the rules for the 1st chamber are changed, which will be democratically elected.

Men den stora reformen och grundlagsändringen sker i maj 1919. |||||der Verfassungsänderung||| but|the|big|reform|and|constitutional amendment|happens|in|May But the major reform and constitutional amendment takes place in May 1919.

Och sen fattar men det andra grundlagsändrande beslutet 1921. and|then|makes|but|the|second|constitutional-amending|decision And then the second constitutional amendment decision is made in 1921.

Först då är egentligen hela reformen färdig. first|then|is|actually|whole|reform|finished Only then is the entire reform actually complete.

Nu har Sverige allmän och lika rösträtt. now|has|Sweden|universal|and|equal|suffrage Now Sweden has universal and equal suffrage.

Valet vinns av Socialdemokraterna, och Hjalmar Branting blir- the election|is won|by|the Social Democrats|and|Hjalmar|Branting|becomes The election is won by the Social Democrats, and Hjalmar Branting becomes -

-den första statsministern som väljs av både kvinnor och män. the|first|prime minister|who|is elected|by|both|women|and|men -the first prime minister to be elected by both women and men.

Här ser ni två av de första kvinnorna som valts in som riksdagsledamöter. ||||||||||||Reichstagsabgeordnete here|see|you|two|of|the|first|women|who|have been elected|in|as|members of parliament Here you see two of the first women who were elected as members of parliament.

De som nu inte får rösta är mest de som inte har åldern inne. those|who|now|not|are allowed to|vote|are|mostly|those|who|not|have|age|met Artık oy kullanmalarına izin verilmeyenler çoğunlukla reşit olmayanlardır. Those who are now not allowed to vote are mostly those who are not of age.

Men det finns även 1921 fortfarande hinder: but|it|exists|also|still|obstacles Ancak 1921'de bile hala engeller var: But there are still obstacles in 1921:

S.k. röststreck för människor på rätt sida åldersgränsen. ||Wahlstimme|||||| ||voting restrictions|for|people|on|right|side|age limit Yaş sınırının sağındaki kişiler için sözde oylama hattı. So-called voting restrictions for people on the right side of the age limit.