Lesson 37. The Process of Ageing.
First listen and then answer the following question.
What is one of the most unpleasant discoveries we make about ourselves as we get older?
At the age of 12 years, the human body is at its most vigorous.
It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence.
But at this age the likelihood of death is least.
Earlier we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable.
Later we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance, which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves and however well society and our doctors look after us.
This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called aging.
It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents, and diseases, we shall eventually die of old age, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of 65 and 80.
Some of us will die sooner.
A few will live longer, on into a ninth or tenth decade.
But the chances are against it.
And there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.
Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it.
We are so familiar with the fact that man ages that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing out of a pair of shoes.
They have also assumed that all animals and probably other organisms such as trees or even the universe itself must in the nature of things wear out.
Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do if given the chance to live long enough and mechanical systems like a wound watch or the sun do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics.
Whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present.
But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages.
A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound.
An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending.
But a watch could never repair itself.
It does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction.
We could at one time repair ourselves, well enough at least to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents.
Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at 12 would knock us over, at 80 can knock us out and into our grave.
If we could stay as vigorous as we are at 12, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for these survivors to be reduced by half again.
