Ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος o|Grande|Alexandre |Великий|Александр |The Great|Alexander the Great Alexander der Große Alexander the Great Alejandro Magno Alexandre le Grand Aleksander Wielki Alexandre, o Grande

Ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, ο μεγάλος αυτός Μακεδόνας o|Grande|Alexandre|o|grande|este|macedônio The|великий|Александр||великий|этот|македонец |Great|||great||Macedonian Alexander the Great, the famous Macedonian, Alexandre, o Grande, este grande macedônio

αναγνωρίζεται καθολικά και θεωρείται από όλους τους ιστορικούς é reconhecido|universalmente|e|é considerado|por|todos|os|historiadores wird anerkannt|allgemein|||||| признается|всеобъемлюще|и|считается|от|всеми|их|историками "Is universally recognized"|universally||"is considered"||"by all"||historians is universally recognized and regarded by all historians é universalmente reconhecido e considerado por todos os historiadores

ως εκπολιτιστής των αρχαίων λαών της Ανατολής, που έφερε τα φώτα της επιστήμης και της προόδου como|civilizador|dos|antigos|povos|da|Oriente|que|trouxe|as|luzes|da|ciência|e|da|progresso как|культурный деятель|||||||||||||| |civilizer||ancient peoples|peoples|of|East||brought||lights||science and progress|||progress and enlightenment as the civilizer of the ancient people of the East, who brought the lights of science and progress como civilizador dos antigos povos do Oriente, que trouxe as luzes da ciência e do progresso

ως τα πέρατα της Ασίας, ιδρύοντας στο πέρασμα του πόλεις και οικισμούς como|os|limites|da|Ásia|fundando|no|percurso|de|cidades|e|povoados as far as|the|ends|the|of Asia|founding||passage||cities and settlements||settlements to the land of Asia, establishing in his route cities and settlements até os confins da Ásia, fundando no seu caminho cidades e povoados

που αναδείχτηκαν στη διαδρομή των αιώνων πολιτιστικά κέντρα απεριορίστου ακτινοβολίας. que|se destacaram|na|trajetória|dos|séculos|culturais|centros|de ilimitada|radiação |emerged||path||centuries|cultural|centers|of unlimited|radiation that emerged during the following centuries in cultural centers. que se tornaram, ao longo dos séculos, centros culturais de irradiação ilimitada.

Με οδηγό το ανίκητο πάθος του, που ο Αρριανός το ονομάζει "πόθο", Com|guia|a|invencível|paixão|dele|que|o|Arriano|a|chama|desejo |guide||invincible|passion||||Arian||calls|desire Guided by his invincible passion, which Arrian calls "lust", Com a guia de sua paixão invencível, que Arriano chama de "desejo",

και την στρατιωτική του ευφυία, κατόρθωσε, μέσα σε ελάχιστο χρονικό διάστημα, να κατακτήσει κυριολεκτικά τον κόσμο. e|a|militar|sua|inteligência|conseguiu|dentro|em|mínimo|período|tempo|de|conquistar|literalmente|o|mundo and||military||genius|managed|within||minimal|time|time period||conquer|literally|| and his military intelligence, he managed, in a short period of time, to literally conquer the world. e sua inteligência militar, conseguiu, em um espaço de tempo muito curto, conquistar literalmente o mundo.

Για πρώτη φορά στην Ιστορία, Έλληνες έφθασαν μέχρι το δέλτα του Ινδού ποταμού, para|primeira|vez|na|História|gregos|chegaram|até|o|delta|do|Indus|rio |first||||Greeks|reached|||delta||Indian|river For the first time in history, Greeks reached the delta of the Indus River, Pela primeira vez na História, gregos chegaram até o delta do rio Indo,

στην άκρη του κόσμου, όπως πίστευαν την εποχή εκείνη. na|extremidade|do|mundo|como|acreditavam|naquela|época|aquela |edge||||believed||time|that on the edge of the world, as they believed at the time. na extremidade do mundo, como acreditavam na época.

Ο Μακεδόνας βασιλιάς και οι στρατιώτες του διένυσαν μαχόμενοι χιλιάδες χιλιόμετρα o|macedônio|rei|e|os|soldados|dele|percorreram|lutando|milhares|quilômetros |||||soldiers||traveled|fighting|| The Macedonian king and his soldiers fought their way through thousands of kilometers O rei macedônio e seus soldados percorreram lutando milhares de quilômetros

και ξεπέρασαν δυσκολίες που τους μετέτρεψαν σε μυθικά όντα. e|superaram|dificuldades|que|os|transformaram|em|míticos|seres |overcame||||transformed them||mythical|beings and overcame difficulties that turned them into mythical beings. e superaram dificuldades que os transformaram em seres míticos.

Το 323 π.Χ., ο Αλέξανδρος είχε δημιουργήσει μια ελληνική αυτοκρατορία που εκτεινόταν σε τρεις ηπείρους. a|||o|Alexandre|ele tinha|criado|uma|grega|império|que|se estendia|em|três|continentes |||||||||empire||extended over|||continents In 323 BC, Alexander had created a Greek empire that spanned three continents. Em 323 a.C., Alexandre havia criado um império grego que se estendia por três continentes.

Καλώς ήρθατε στο κανάλι Alpha Ωmega. bem|vocês chegaram|ao|canal|Alpha|Ômega Welcome to Alpha Omega channel. Bem-vindo ao canal Alpha Ômega.

Σε αυτό το βίντεο θα παρουσιάσουμε μία σύντομη βιογραφία του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου. neste|este|o|vídeo|irá|apresentaremos|uma|breve|biografia|do|Grande|Alexandre |||||present||short||||Alexander the Great In this video we will present a short biography of Alexander the Great. Neste vídeo, apresentaremos uma breve biografia de Alexandre, o Grande.

Εάν επισκέπτεσθε για πρώτη φορά το κανάλι μας μην ξεχάσετε να κάνετε εγγραφή se|vocês visitarem|pela|primeira|vez|o|canal|nosso|não|esqueçam|de|fazer|inscrição |you visit||||||||forget|||registration If you visit our channel for the first time, do not forget to Subscribe Se você está visitando nosso canal pela primeira vez, não se esqueça de se inscrever.

και να πατήσετε το εικονίδιο με το κουδούνι για να ειδοποιήστε κάθε φορά που ανεβάζουμε νέο βίντεο. e|que|vocês pressionem|o|ícone|com|o|sino|para|que|vocês sejam notificados|toda|vez|que|nós carregamos|novo|vídeo ||press||||||||||||we upload|| and click the bell icon so you will be notified every time we upload new videos. e clique no ícone com o sino para ser notificado sempre que carregarmos um novo vídeo.

Τι λέτε, πάμε να ξεκινήσουμε; o que|vocês dizem|vamos|que|nós comecemos what|||| Shall we begin ? O que você acha, vamos começar?

Το καλοκαίρι του 356 π.Χ, κατά τον μήνα Εκατομβαιώνα, o|verão|de|||durante|o|mês|Hecatombéon ||||||||Hecatombion In the summer of 356 BC, during the month of Ekatombaion, No verão de 356 a.C., durante o mês de Hecatombéia,

το διάστημα δηλαδή μεταξύ 15 Ιουνίου και 15 Ιουλίου, η σύζυγος του βασιλιά Φιλίππου Β' της Μακεδονίας o|intervalo|ou seja|entre|de junho|e|de julho|a|esposa|do|rei|Filipe|II|da|Macedônia |||between|June||||wife|||Philip||| that is, between June 15 and July 15, the wife of King Philip II of Macedonia o período entre 15 de junho e 15 de julho, a esposa do rei Filipe II da Macedônia

Ολυμπιάδα, γέννησε στην Πέλλα τον Αλέξανδρο. Olímpia|deu à luz|em|Pella|o|Alexandre Olympiad|gave birth to||Pella|| Olympias, gave birth to Alexander in Pella. Olympíada, deu à luz em Pella Alexandre.

Ο νεαρός Μακεδόνας, αν και δέθηκε με ιδιαίτερους συναισθηματικούς δεσμούς με την μητέρα του, o|jovem|macedônio|embora|e|se ligou|com|especiais|emocionais|laços|com|a|mãe|dele ||Macedonian|||was bound||particular|emotional|bonds|||| The young Macedonian, although he had special emotional ties with his mother, O jovem macedônio, embora estivesse ligado por laços emocionais especiais com sua mãe,

ανδρώθηκε στην σκιά ενός επιτυχημένου πατέρα, που ήταν πολυμήχανος στρατηγός και εξαίρετος πολιτικός. cresceu|na|sombra|de um|bem-sucedido|pai|que|era|engenhoso|general|e|excelente|político grew up||shadow||successful||||ingenious|general||exceptional|politician became a man in the shadow of a successful father, who was a clever general and an excellent politician. cresceu à sombra de um pai bem-sucedido, que era um astuto general e um excelente político.

Ίσως γι' αυτό τον λόγο, έκαιγε από μικρό παιδί τον Αλέξανδρο η φιλοδοξία να υπερκεράσει τον πατέρα του talvez|por isso que|isso|o|motivo|ardia|desde|pequeno|criança|o|Alexandre|a|ambição|de|superar|o|pai|dele |||||burned|||||||ambition||surpass||| Perhaps for this reason, Alexander had from a young age, the ambition to surpass his father Talvez por isso, desde pequeno, Alexandre era consumido pela ambição de superar seu pai.

σε ό,τι αφορούσε το μέγεθος και την επιτυχία των πράξεων που οδηγούσαν στην δόξα. em||dizia respeito|ao|tamanho|e|a|sucesso|das|ações|que|levavam|à|glória ||concerned||size|||success||actions||led||glory in terms of the magnitude and success of the deeds that led to glory. no que diz respeito ao tamanho e ao sucesso das ações que levavam à glória.

Ο Αλέξανδρος πέρασε τα παιδικά του χρόνια στην Πέλλα, την πρωτεύουσα του Μακεδονικού κράτους, O|Alexandre|passou|os|infantis|seus|anos|em|Pella|a|capital|do|Macedônio|estado ||||||||||capital||Macedonian|state Alexander spent his childhood in Pella, the capital of the Macedonian state, Alexandre passou sua infância em Pella, a capital do estado macedônio,

συντροφιά με την μητέρα του, ενώ την ίδια εποχή ο πατέρας του υπέτασσε πολλές πόλεις στην μακεδονική ισχύ. companhia|com|a|mãe|dele|enquanto|a|mesma|época|o|pai|dele|subjugava|muitas|cidades|à|macedônia|poder with his mother||||||||||||subjugated||||Macedonian military|power accompanied by his mother, while at the same time his father subjugated many cities to Macedonian power. na companhia de sua mãe, enquanto seu pai, na mesma época, submetia muitas cidades ao poder macedônio.

Από πολύ νωρίς, ο Αλέξανδρος απέδειξε ότι συναγωνιζόταν τον πατέρα του στην ευστροφία. desde|muito|cedo|o|Alexandre|provou|que|competia|com o|pai|dele|em|astúcia |||||proved||competed with|||||quick-wittedness From a very early age, Alexander proved that he was competing with his father for ingenuity. Desde muito cedo, Alexandre provou que competia com seu pai em astúcia.

Όταν ήταν δώδεκα χρόνων δάμασε ένα άγριο μαύρο άλογο, τον Βουκεφάλα, quando|ele tinha|doze|anos|ele domou|um|selvagem|preto|cavalo|o|Bucefalos ||||tamed||wild|black|||Bucephalus When he was twelve years old he tamed a wild black horse, Bucephalus, Quando tinha doze anos, domou um cavalo negro selvagem, o Bucefalus,

και κατέπληξε την μακεδονική αυλή και τον ίδιο του τον πατέρα. e|ele surpreendeu|a|macedônia|corte|e|o|próprio|seu||pai |astonished||Macedonian|court|||||| and amazed the Macedonians and his own father. e impressionou a corte macedônia e seu próprio pai.

Δεν ήταν η σωματική ρώμη που βοήθησε τον Αλέξανδρο να δαμάσει το άλογο αλλά η εξυπνάδα. não|era|a|física|força|que|ajudou|o|Alexandre|a|domar|o|cavalo|mas|a|inteligência |||physical|strength|||||||||||intelligence It was not his body strenght that helped Alexander tame the horse but intelligence. Não foi a força física que ajudou Alexandre a domar o cavalo, mas a astúcia.

Ο νεαρός πρίγκιπας πρόσεξε ότι το άτι αγρίευε όταν έβλεπε την σκιά του και έτσι, o|jovem|príncipe|ele percebeu|que|o|cavalo|ele se agitava|quando|ele via|a|sombra|sua|e|assim ||prince|noticed||the|horse|was getting wild||saw||shadow|||so The young prince noticed that the horse was raging when she saw her shadow and so, O jovem príncipe percebeu que o cavalo se agitava quando via sua sombra e assim,

ενώ κανένας δεν μπορούσε να το δαμάσει, εκείνος το έστρεψε κατά τον ήλιο και το καβαλίκεψε. enquanto|ninguém|não|podia|que|isso|domar|ele|isso|virou|para|o|sol|e|isso|montou ||||||tame|||turned||||||mounted it while no one could tame it, he turned her towards the sun and rode her. Enquanto ninguém conseguia domá-lo, ele o virou em direção ao sol e o montou.

Την εποχή αυτή, ο Αλέξανδρος είχε ήδη αρχίσει να γυμνάζεται σωματικά και πνευματικά. a|época|esta|o|Alexandre|tinha|já|começado|a|exercitar-se|fisicamente|e|espiritualmente |||||||||exercise|physically||spiritually By this time, Alexander had already begun to exercise physically and mentally. Naquela época, Alexandre já havia começado a se exercitar fisicamente e mentalmente.

Η εκπαίδευσή του είχε ως κύρια συστατικά την σκληραγωγία, που επέβαλε ο πρώτος του δάσκαλος a|educação|dele|tinha|como|principais|componentes|a|disciplina|que|impôs|o|primeiro|seu|professor |his education||||main|ingredients||asceticism||imposed||||teacher The main components of his education were the hard work imposed by his first teacher Seu treinamento tinha como principais componentes a disciplina, imposta por seu primeiro professor

και συγγενής της μητέρα του, Λεωνίδας, αλλά και την αγάπη για την καλλιέργεια του πνεύματος, e|parente|da|mãe|dele|Leônidas|mas|e|o|amor|por|a|cultivo|do|espírito |relative||||Leonidas||||love|||cultivation||spirit and relative of his mother, Leonidas, but also the love for the cultivation of the spirit, e parente de sua mãe, Leônidas, mas também o amor pela cultura do espírito,

που προσπαθούσε να του εμφυσήσει ο δάσκαλος Λυσίμαχος ο Ακαρνάνας. que|tentava|a|a ele|infundir|o|professor|Lisímaco|o|Acarnaniano ||||instill|||Lysimachus the Acarnanian||the Acarnanian which the teacher Lysimachus the Acarnanas tried to instill in him. que o professor Lisímaco, o Acarnaniano, tentava incutir nele.

Επίσης, δεν πρέπει να παραβλέπουμε το γεγονός ότι η μακεδονική αυλή κατακλυζόταν από σπουδαίους διανοούμενους, também|não|deve|a|ignorar|o|fato|que|a|macedônia|corte|era inundada|por|grandes|intelectuais ||||overlook||||||court|was flooded||important|intellectuals Also, we should not overlook the fact that the Macedonian court was full of great intellectuals, Além disso, não devemos ignorar o fato de que a corte macedônia era inundada por grandes intelectuais,

όπως ο Ευριπίδης που έζησε και έγραψε στην Μακεδονία στα τελευταία χρόνια της ζωής του, como|o|Eurípides|que|viveu|e|escreveu|na|Macedônia|nos|últimos|anos|de sua|vida|dele ||Euripides|||||||||||| such as Euripides who lived and wrote in Macedonia in the last years of his life, como Eurípides, que viveu e escreveu na Macedônia nos últimos anos de sua vida,

και οι οποίοι υπήρξαν άμεσοι ή έμμεσοι δάσκαλοι για τον μικρό πρίγκιπα. e|os|que|foram|diretos|ou|indiretos|professores|para|o|pequeno|príncipe |||were|direct||indirect|teachers|||little|prince and who were direct or indirect teachers for the little prince. e que foram professores diretos ou indiretos para o pequeno príncipe.

Όταν όμως ο Αλέξανδρος έγινε δεκατριών ετών, ο πατέρας του αποφάσισε ότι ο γιος του χρειαζόταν ανώτερη quando|porém|o|Alexandre|ele se tornou|treze|anos|o|pai|dele|ele decidiu|que|o|filho|dele|ele precisava|superior |||||thirteen|||||||||||higher education But when Alexander was thirteen years old, his father decided that his son needed a higher Quando Alexandre completou treze anos, seu pai decidiu que seu filho precisava de uma educação superior.

πνευματική εκπαίδευση από έναν άξιο δάσκαλο, που θα του έδινε την κατάλληλη μόρφωση και παιδεία για να γίνει ο διάδοχος του. espiritual|educação|de|um|digno|professor|que|irá|a ele|ele daria|a|adequada|formação|e|educação|para|que|ele se tornasse|o|sucessor|dele spiritual|education|||worthy|teacher||||||suitable|education||upbringing|||||successor| spiritual education from a worthy teacher, who would give him the proper education and training to become his successor. Uma educação espiritual de um professor digno, que lhe proporcionasse a formação e a cultura adequadas para se tornar o sucessor.

Ο Φίλιππος είχε κατανοήσει, ίσως από την παραμονή του στην Θήβα κατά τα εφηβικά του χρόνια, o|Filipe|ele tinha|compreendido|talvez|durante|a|estadia|dele|em|Tebas|durante|os|adolescentes|dele|anos |||understood||||stay||||||teenage|| Philip had understood, perhaps from his stay in Thebes during his teenage years, Filipe havia compreendido, talvez durante sua estadia em Tebas na adolescência,

ότι ο ηγέτης έπρεπε να είναι σωματικά γυμνασμένος και πνευματικά οξυδερκής. que|o|líder|ele deveria|que|ser|fisicamente|forte|e|espiritualmente|perspicaz ||leader||||physically|physically fit||mentally|sharp-minded that a true leader had to be physically fit and spiritually discerning. que o líder deveria ser fisicamente apto e mentalmente perspicaz.

Το 343 π.Χ, λοιπόν, ο Φίλιππος κάλεσε τον φιλόσοφο Αριστοτέλη να αναλάβει την εκπαίδευση του Αλεξάνδρου. o|||portanto|o|Filipe|chamou|o|filósofo|Aristóteles|para|assumir|a|educação|de|Alexandre ||||||called||philosopher|Aristotle||take on|||| In 343 BC, then, Philip called the philosopher Aristotle to undertake the education of Alexander. Em 343 a.C., portanto, Filipe convocou o filósofo Aristóteles para assumir a educação de Alexandre.

Ο Αριστοτέλης έκανε ό,τι μπορούσε για να ενθαρρύνει την αγάπη του νέου Αλέξανδρου για τον Όμηρο, o|Aristóteles|fez||podia|para|para|encorajar|o|amor|de|jovem|Alexandre|por|o|Homero |||||||encourage||love||||||Homer Aristotle did everything he could to encourage the love of the young Alexander for Homer, Aristóteles fez o que pôde para incentivar o amor do jovem Alexandre por Homero,

γιατί η Ιλιάδα ήταν ένα είδος Βίβλου για τους Έλληνες. porque|a|Ilíada|era|um|tipo de|Bíblia|para|os|gregos |||||kind|Bible||| because the Iliad was a kind of Bible for the Greeks. pois a Ilíada era uma espécie de Bíblia para os gregos.

Ο Αλέξανδρος τη χαρακτήριζε ως απαραίτητο εγχειρίδιο του στρατιώτη o|Alexandre|a|caracterizava|como|necessário|manual|do|soldado |||characterized||essential|manual||soldier Alexander described it as a necessary guide of the soldier Alexandre a considerava um manual indispensável para o soldado.

κι έπαιρνε παντού όπου πήγαινε ένα αντίτυπο διορθωμένο και σχολιασμένο από τον Αριστοτέλη, e|ele pegava|em todo lugar|onde|ele ia|uma|cópia|corrigida|e|comentada|por|o|Aristóteles |he received|everywhere|where|went||copy|corrected||commented||| and took everywhere a copy corrected and commented by Aristotle, e levava consigo onde quer que fosse uma cópia corrigida e comentada por Aristóteles,

βάζοντας το κάτω από το προσκέφαλο του τη νύχτα μαζί με το σπαθί του. colocando|a|debaixo|de|o|travesseiro|dele|a|noite|junto|com|a|espada|dele putting||under|||pillow|||||||sword| putting it under his headrest at night along with his sword. colocando-a sob o travesseiro à noite junto com sua espada.

Υποστηρίζεται πως ήξερε απ'έξω το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της και το αναγκαίο συμπέρασμα είναι afirma-se|que|ele sabia|de cor|a|maior|parte|da|e|a|necessário|conclusão|é It is supported|that|knew|by heart||largest|part|of it|||necessary|conclusion|is It is claimed that he knew most of what was written in Iliad and the necessary conclusion is Acredita-se que ele sabia de cor a maior parte dela e a conclusão necessária é

πως θα ταύτιζε ασφαλώς τον εαυτό του με το κεντρικό πρόσωπο της Ιλιάδας, que|irá|ele identificaria|certamente|o|eu mesmo|dele|com|o|central|personagem|da|Ilíada ||identify|surely||self||||central|character|| that he would certainly compare himself with the central figure of the Iliad, que ele certamente se identificaria com a figura central da Ilíada,

τον Αχιλλέα, που η ζωή του είχε έντονη ομοιότητα με τη δική του, o|Aquiles|que|a|vida|dele|tinha|intensa|semelhança|com|a|própria|dele |||||||intense|similarity|||his| Achilles, whose life bore a strong resemblance to his own, de Aquiles, cuja vida tinha uma forte semelhança com a sua,

πράγμα που ο παιδαγωγός του Λυσίμαχος τον είχε κάνει να παρατηρήσει. coisa|que|o|pedagogo|dele|Lisímaco|o|tinha|feito|a|observar |||educator||||had|made||notice something that his teacher Lysimachus had made him notice. algo que seu educador Lisímaco o fez notar.

Ο Αλέξανδρος, έγινε βασιλιάς των Μακεδόνων, σε ηλικία 20 ετών, o|Alexandre|tornou-se|rei|dos|macedônios|em|idade|anos |||||of the Macedonians||age| Alexander became king of the Macedonians at the age of 20, Alexandre tornou-se rei dos macedônios aos 20 anos,

μετά τη δολοφονία του πατέρα του Φιλίππου το 336 π.Χ.. após|a|assassinato|do|pai|dele|Filipe|em|| ||murder||||||| after the assassination of his father Philip II in 336 BC. após o assassinato de seu pai Filipe em 336 a.C..

Ο νέος βασιλιάς, βρέθηκε αντιμέτωπος από την αρχή , με τους εχθρούς του Φιλίππου. o|novo|rei|se encontrou|frente a frente|desde|a|início|com|os|inimigos|de|Filipe |||found himself|facing|||||||| The new king was confronted from the beginning by Philip's enemies. O novo rei se viu confrontado desde o início com os inimigos de Filipe.

Τα μέλη της Συμμαχίας της Κορίνθου, οι Θράκες και οι Ιλλυριοί , os|membros|da|Aliança|de|Corinto|os|trácios|e|os|ilírios |members||Alliance||||Thracians|||Illyrians The members of the Corinthian League, the Thracians and the Illyrians, Os membros da Aliança de Corinto, os trácios e os ilírios,

θεώρησαν το θάνατο του ισχυρού Μακεδόνα βασιλιά, ως ιδανική ευκαιρία για να αποστατήσουν από την κυριαρχία των Μακεδόνων. consideraram|a|morte|de|poderoso|macedônio|rei|como|ideal|oportunidade|para|que|se rebelar|de|a|domínio|dos|macedônios they considered||||powerful|Macedonian|||ideal|opportunity|||rebel|||dominion|| saw the death of the powerful Macedonian king as an ideal opportunity to distance themselves from Macedonian rule. consideraram a morte do poderoso rei macedônio como uma oportunidade ideal para se rebelar contra a dominação dos macedônios.

Όμως ο Αλέξανδρος, άξιος απόγονος του Φιλίππου, αφού προηγουμένως ανακηρύχτηκε άρχων της Θεσσαλίας, mas|o|Alexandre|digno|descendente|de|Filipe|depois que|anteriormente|foi proclamado|governante|da|Tessália |||worthy|descendant||||previously|was proclaimed|ruler||of Thessaly However, Alexander, a worthy descendant of Philip, after being proclaimed ruler of Thessaly, No entanto, Alexandre, digno descendente de Filipe, após ser proclamado governante da Tessália,

κατευθύνθηκε προς την Πελοπόννησο έχοντας υπόψη του συγκεκριμένο σχέδιο δράσης. ele se dirigiu|para|a|Peloponeso|tendo|em mente|seu|específico|plano|de ação he headed||||having|in mind|||plan|action headed for the Peloponnese, having in mind a specific action plan. Dirigiu-se para o Peloponeso tendo em mente um plano de ação específico.

Εκεί, στο Συνέδριο της Κορίνθου, στο οποίο συμμετείχε καθώς και οι άλλες ελληνικές πόλεις, lá|na|conferência|de|Corinto|no|qual|ele participou|assim como|e|as|outras|gregas|cidades ||Conference|||||participated|as||||| There, at the Conference of Corinth, in which he participated as well as the other Greek cities, Lá, no Congresso de Corinto, no qual participou juntamente com as outras cidades gregas,

με εξαίρεση τη Σπάρτη, πέτυχε την ανακήρυξη του ως ηγεμόνα της Συμμαχίας com|exceção|a|Esparta|ele conseguiu|a|proclamação|de|como|governante|da|Aliança |exception|||succeeded||proclamation|||leader||the Alliance with the exception of Sparta, he succeeded in proclaiming himself ruler of the League exceto Esparta, conseguiu a sua declaração como governante da Aliança

και συγχρόνως ως "στρατηγού αυτοκράτορα " στον πόλεμο κατά των Περσών. e|ao mesmo tempo|como|general|imperador|na|guerra|contra|os|persas |at the same time||general|emperor general|||||Persians and at the same time as "general emperor" in the war against the Persians. e ao mesmo tempo como "general imperador" na guerra contra os persas.

Έχοντας εξασφαλίσει την προστασία της Μακεδονίας από όλα τα σημεία του ορίζοντα tendo|assegurado|a|proteção|da|Macedônia|de|todos|os|pontos|do|horizonte |secured||protection||||||points||horizon Having secured the protection of Macedonia from all parts of the horizon Tendo garantido a proteção da Macedônia de todos os pontos do horizonte

και την ειρήνη μεταξύ των ελληνικών Πόλεων, ο Αλέξανδρος μπορούσε απερίσπαστος πλέον e|a|paz|entre|das|gregas|cidades|o|Alexandre|podia|sem distrações|agora ||||||||||uninterruptedly| and peace between the Greek Cities, Alexander could now e a paz entre as cidades gregas, Alexandre podia agora, sem distrações,

να αφιερώσει όλο του τον χρόνο στην προετοιμασία της εκστρατείας στην Περσία. para|dedicar|todo|seu|o|tempo|na|preparação|da|campanha|na|Pérsia |dedicate||||time||preparation||campaign||Persia devote his efforts to the preparation of the campaign in Persia. dedicar todo o seu tempo à preparação da campanha na Pérsia.

Το ενδιαφέρον του για την αχανή αυτοκρατορία είχε εκδηλωθεί ήδη από το 342 π.Χ όταν, στα πρώτα χρόνια της εφηβείας του, o|interesse|seu|por|a|imensa|império|tinha|manifestado|já|desde|o|||quando|nos|primeiros|anos|da|adolescência|sua |||||vast|||manifested|||||||||||adolescence| His interest in the vast empire had manifested as early as 342 BC when, in the early years of his adolescence, he Seu interesse pela vasta império já havia se manifestado desde 342 a.C., quando, nos primeiros anos de sua adolescência,

ρωτούσε τους Πέρσες απεσταλμένους στην Μακεδονική αυλή για να μάθει πληροφορίες για την χώρα τους. ele perguntava|os|persas|enviados|na|macedônia|corte|para|que|ele soubesse|informações|sobre|o|país|deles |||the envoys|in the|Macedonian||||learn|information|||| asked the Persian envoys to the Macedonian court to learn information about their country. ele perguntava aos enviados persas na corte macedônia para saber informações sobre o país deles.

Τώρα, ο Αλέξανδρος δεν έβλεπε την ώρα να οδηγήσει τον στρατό του στην Ασία. agora|o|alexandre|não|ele via|a|hora|que|ele dirigisse|o|exército|dele|na|ásia Now, Alexander could not wait to lead his army to Asia. Agora, Alexandre mal podia esperar para levar seu exército à Ásia.

Η απόφαση του Αλεξάνδρου να αρχίσει επιχειρήσεις εναντίον των Περσών αμέσως a|decisão|de|alexandre|que|ele começasse|operações|contra|os|persas|imediatamente ||||||campaigns|||| Alexander's decision to launch an operation against the Persians A decisão de Alexandre de iniciar operações contra os persas imediatamente

πρέπει να ελήφθη μετά από προσεκτική μελέτη της κακής πολιτικής και στρατιωτικής καταστάσεως στην οποία βρισκόταν η Περσική Αυτοκρατορία. deve|que|foi tomada|depois|de|cuidadosa|análise|da|ruim|política|e|militar|situação|na|qual|estava|a|persa|império ||be taken|||careful||||||military|situation|||was||Persian Empire|Empire must have been made immediately after careful study of the poor political and military situation in which the Persian Empire was. deve ter sido tomada após um cuidadoso estudo da má política e da situação militar em que se encontrava o Império Persa.

Με άλλα λόγια, ο Μακεδόνας βασιλιάς δεν θα επιχειρούσε οποιαδήποτε εκστρατεία εάν δεν υπήρχε έστω και μια ελάχιστη πιθανότητα επιτυχίας. com|outras|palavras|o|macedônio|rei|não|irá|empreenderia|qualquer|campanha|se|não|houvesse|pelo menos|e|uma|mínima|possibilidade|de sucesso In other words||words||||||would undertake||||||even|||minimum||success Mit anderen Worten, der mazedonische König hätte keinen Feldzug unternommen, wenn nicht auch nur die geringste Aussicht auf Erfolg bestanden hätte. In other words, the Macedonian king would not have launched any campaign if there was not even the slightest chance of success. Em outras palavras, o rei macedônio não empreenderia qualquer campanha se não houvesse pelo menos uma mínima chance de sucesso.

Όντως, στο τέλος του 4ου π.Χ αιώνα, η Περσική Αυτοκρατορία βρισκόταν σε οικτρή πολιτική κατάσταση de fato|no|final|do|4º|||século|a|persa|Império|estava|em|lamentável|política|situação |||||||||||||pitiful|| Indeed, at the end of the 4th century BC, the Persian Empire was in a dire political situation, De fato, no final do século IV a.C., o Império Persa estava em uma situação política lamentável.

αν και δεν σπαρασσόταν πλέον από τις συνεχείς έριδες των σατραπών για τη εξουσία. embora|e|não|era dilacerada|mais|por|as|contínuas|disputas|dos|sátrapas|por|o|poder |||was torn||||continuous|rivalries||satraps|||power although it was no longer torn apart by the constant disputes of satraps for power. Embora não estivesse mais sendo dilacerado pelas contínuas disputas dos sátrapas pelo poder.

Η κρίση κορυφώθηκε το 338 π.Χ. όταν ο Βαγώας, ένας αξιωματούχος της αυλής, δηλητηρίασε τον Αρταξέρξη Γ' a|crise|culminou|no|||quando|o|Bagoe|um|oficial|da|corte|envenenou|o|Artaxerxes|III ||culminated||||||Bagoeas||official||court|poisoned||Artaxerxes V| The crisis peaked in 338 BC. when Vagoas, an officer of the court, poisoned Artaxerxes III A crise atingiu seu auge em 338 a.C. quando Bagoe, um oficial da corte, envenenou Artaxerxes III.

και υποστήριξε την άνοδο στον θρόνο του Αρσή, γιου του δολοφονημένου βασιλιά, για να τον έχει υποχείριό του. e|apoiou|a|ascensão|ao|trono|de|Arsés|filho|do|assassinado|rei|para|que|o|tenha|sob controle|dele |supported||ascension||||Arsē|son||murdered|king|||||his puppet| and supported the ascension to the throne of Arsis, son of the murdered king, to have him as his subordinate. e apoiou a ascensão ao trono de Arsés, filho do rei assassinado, para tê-lo sob seu controle.

Ο Αρσής, όμως, δεν φάνηκε διατεθειμένος να ακολουθήσει τις εντολές του αξιωματούχου και γι' αυτό δηλητηριάσθηκε μαζί με τα παιδιά του. O|Arsés|porém|não|pareceu|disposto|a|seguir|as|ordens|do|oficial|e|por isso|isso|foi envenenado|junto|com|os|filhos|dele |Arsēs||||willing||||orders||official||||was poisoned||||| Arsis, however, did not seem willing to follow the orders of Vagoas and for that reason he was poisoned. No entanto, Arsés não parecia disposto a seguir as ordens do oficial e, por isso, foi envenenado junto com seus filhos.

Κατόπιν, ο Βαγώας εγκατέστησε στον θρόνο έναν συγγενή του τελευταίου βασιλιά, που του εδόθη το όνομα Δαρείος Γ'. depois|o|Bagóas|instalou|no|trono|um|parente|do|último|rei|que|lhe|foi dado|o|nome|Dario|III then|||installed||||||||||was given|||Darius the 1st| Later, Vagoas brought on the throne a relative of the last king, who was given the name Darius III. Em seguida, Bagoe instalou no trono um parente do último rei, que recebeu o nome de Dario III.

Ο Δαρείος Γ' ο Κοδομανός, γνωρίζοντας την τύχη των προκατόχων του, O|Dario|III|o|Codomanos|sabendo|a|sorte|dos|predecessores|dele ||||Codomanus|||||predecessors| Darius III the Kodomanos, knowing the fate of his predecessors, Dario III, o Codomano, sabendo do destino de seus antecessores,

κατάφερε να απαλλαγεί από τον Βαγώα και να αναλάβει την διακυβέρνηση της αυτοκρατορίας χωρίς κηδεμόνες. conseguiu|a|se livrar|de|o|Bagoas|e|a|assumir|a|governança|do|império|sem|tutores managed||free himself|||Vagoa|||||governance||||guardians managed to get rid of Vagoas and take over the government of the empire without guardians. conseguiu se livrar de Vagoa e assumir o governo do império sem tutores.

Αυτόν ακριβώς τον ηγέτη, τα γεγονότα της βασιλείας του οποίου απέδειξαν ότι δεν διέθετε τα προσόντα εκείνα esse|exatamente|o|líder|os|eventos|do|reinado|dele|cujo|provaram|que|não|possuía|as|qualidades|aquelas |||leader||events|||||proved|||possessed||qualifications|those Genau dieser Anführer, dessen Regierungszeit bewies, dass er diese Qualifikationen nicht hatte This very leader, whose reign proved that he did not have the qualifications Esse mesmo líder, cujos eventos de seu reinado provaram que não possuía as qualidades necessárias

που θα τον αναδείκνυαν σε ρυθμιστή της τύχης του Περσικού κράτους, que|irá|o|tornariam|em|regulador|da|sorte|do|Persa|estado |||would elevate||regulator||fate||Persian| to be a regulator of the fate of the Persian state, que o destacariam como um regulador do destino do estado persa,

επρόκειτο να αντιμετωπίσει ο Αλέξανδρος δύο χρόνια αργότερα. estava prestes|a|enfrentar|o|Alexandre|dois|anos|depois was to||face||||| was to be confronted by Alexander two years later. iria enfrentar Alexandre dois anos depois.

Παρά το γεγονός ότι ο Δαρείος ήταν πολύ κατώτερος ως ηγετική μορφή από τον Αλέξανδρο, apesar|do|fato|de que|o|Dario|era|muito|inferior|como|liderança|figura|do que|o|Alexandre despite|the|fact||||||inferior||leadership|leader|than|| Obwohl Darius als Anführer Alexander weit unterlegen war, Although Darius was far inferior as a leader to Alexander, Apesar do fato de que Dario era muito inferior como líder em comparação a Alexandre,

ο Πέρσης βασιλιάς είχε στην διάθεσή του ανεξάντλητους οικονομικούς και ανθρώπινους πόρους για να αντιμετωπίσει τους εισβολείς. o|persa|rei|tinha|à|disposição|dele|inesgotáveis|financeiros|e|humanos|recursos|para|que|enfrentasse|os|invasores |||||disposal||unlimited|economic||human resources|resources|||||invaders Der persische König verfügte über unerschöpfliche finanzielle und personelle Ressourcen, um mit den Eindringlingen fertig zu werden. the Persian king had inexhaustible financial and human resources to deal with the invaders. o rei persa tinha à sua disposição recursos econômicos e humanos inesgotáveis para enfrentar os invasores.

Ο Δαρείος όμως δεν εκμεταλλεύθηκε σωστά ούτε τον μεγάλο αριθμό των στρατιωτών που μπορούσε να συγκεντρώσει o|Dario|porém|não|aproveitou|corretamente|nem|o|grande|número|dos|soldados|que|podia|que|reunir ||||exploited|||||||||||gather Aber Darius nutzte die große Anzahl von Soldaten, die er aufbringen konnte, nicht aus. Darius, however, did not properly exploit the large number of soldiers he could muster, No entanto, Dario não soube aproveitar corretamente nem o grande número de soldados que poderia reunir

ούτε στάθηκε ικανός να εμποδίσει την αρπαγή των βασιλικών θησαυρών από τους Μακεδόνες. nem|se mostrou|capaz|que|impedir|a|apreensão|dos|reais|tesouros|por|os|macedônios |was|capable||prevent||the seizure||royal|treasures||| auch die Beschlagnahme der königlichen Schätze durch die Mazedonier konnte er nicht verhindern. nor was he able to prevent the Macedonians from seizing the royal treasures. nem foi capaz de impedir o roubo dos tesouros reais pelos macedônios.

Ο περσικός στρατός επί Δαρείου και εναντίον των Μακεδόνων αποδείχθηκε απολύτως ανομοιογενής, o|persa|exército|sob|Dario|e|contra|os|macedônios|se provou|absolutamente|heterogêneo |Persian||||||||proved||heterogeneous The Persian army under Darius and against the Macedonians proved to be completely heterogeneous, O exército persa sob Dario e contra os macedônios provou ser absolutamente heterogêneo,

χωρίς καμία συνοχή στην μάχη. sem|nenhuma|coesão|na|batalha ||cohesion|| without any coherence in the battle. sem nenhuma coesão na batalha.

Γενικώς, καθ' όλη την στρατιωτική τους Ιστορία, οι Πέρσες βασίζονταν πολύ geralmente|durante|toda|a|militar|sua|história|os|persas|se baseavam|muito |||||||||relied| In general, throughout their military history, the Persians relied heavily De modo geral, ao longo de toda a sua História militar, os persas confiavam muito

στο ισχυρό και πολυάριθμο ιππικό τους και στον μεγάλο αριθμό των πεζών τους. em|forte|e|numeroso|cavalaria|sua|e|no|grande|número|dos|infantes| |strong||numerous|cavalry|||||||infantry| on their strong and numerous cavalry and large numbers of infantry. em sua poderosa e numerosa cavalaria e no grande número de infantaria.

Οι τελευταίοι βέβαια δεν είχαν πάντοτε το κίνητρο αλλά ούτε και την εμπειρία εκατονταετηρίδων στις συγκρούσεις σε σχηματισμούς μάχης που διέθεταν οι Έλληνες. os|últimos|claro|não|tinham|sempre|o|motivo|mas|nem|e|a|experiência|de centenas de anos|nas|conflitos|em|formações|de combate|que|possuíam|os|gregos |last||||||||||||centuries||conflicts||battle formations|||had|| The latter, of course, did not always have the motivation nor the experience of hundreds of years in the conflicts in battle formations that the Greeks had. Os últimos, claro, não tinham sempre a motivação, mas também não tinham a experiência de séculos em conflitos em formações de batalha que os gregos possuíam.

Ακριβώς γι' αυτόν τον λόγο, τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ., οι Πέρσες προσελάμβαναν Έλληνες πεζούς ως μισθοφόρους. exatamente|por|essa|o|motivo|no|4º|século|||os|persas|contratavam|gregos|infantaria|como|mercenários ||||||||||||were hiring||infantry||mercenaries Precisely for this reason, in the 4th century BC, the Persians hired Greek infantry as mercenaries. Exatamente por essa razão, no século IV a.C., os persas contratavam gregos como mercenários.

Μάλιστα, φαίνεται ότι οι Έλληνες μισθοφόροι που πολέμησαν αυτήν την περίοδο με τους Πέρσες de fato|parece|que|os|gregos|mercenários|que|lutaram|este|o|período|com|os|persas |||||mercenaries||fought|||||| In fact, it seems that the Greek mercenaries who fought at this time with the Persians Na verdade, parece que os mercenários gregos que lutaram nesse período ao lado dos persas

ήταν πολλοί περισσότεροι από τους συμμάχους και τους Έλληνες μισθοφόρους που πολέμησαν στο πλευρό του Αλεξάνδρου. eram|muitos|mais|do que|os|aliados|e|os|gregos|mercenários|que|lutaram|ao|lado|de|Alexandre |||||allies||||mercenaries|||||| were many more than the allies and the Greek mercenaries who fought on Alexander's side. eram muitos mais do que os aliados e os mercenários gregos que lutaram ao lado de Alexandre.

Στο τέλος του 4ου π.Χ. αιώνα, οι Πέρσες δεν έδιναν πια την ίδια σημασία που έδιναν σε παλαιότερες εποχές στους τοξότες, no|final|do|4º|||século|os|persas|não|davam|mais|a|mesma|importância|que|davam|a|anteriores|épocas|aos|arqueiros ||||||||||||||||||earlier|||archers At the end of the 4th BC. century, the Persians no longer relied, as they did in earlier times, to archers, No final do século IV a.C., os persas já não davam a mesma importância que davam em épocas anteriores aos arqueiros,

οι οποίοι θα φόβιζαν τον αντίπαλο στρατό με το πλήθος των βελών τους και θα του προξενούσαν τις πρώτες απώλειες. os|quais|(partícula de futuro)|assustariam|o|inimigo|exército|com|a|quantidade|das|flechas|suas|e|(partícula de futuro)|lhe|causariam|as|primeiras|perdas |||would frighten||enemy|army|||||arrows|||||inflict||| who would frighten the opposing army with the multitude of their arrows and inflict the first losses. que assustavam o exército inimigo com a quantidade de flechas e causavam as primeiras perdas.

Οι τοξότες ήταν πλέον ένα βοηθητικό σώμα. os|arqueiros|eram|já|um|auxiliar|corpo |||||auxiliary| Archers were now an auxiliary part of the army. Os arqueiros eram agora um corpo auxiliar.

Αρχικά, στις πρώτες επιχειρήσεις εναντίον του Αλεξάνδρου, τον στρατό συμπλήρωνε και υποστήριζε ο περσικός στόλος. inicialmente|nas|primeiras|campanhas|contra|de|Alexandre|o|exército|complementava|e|apoiava|a|persa|frota |||campaigns||||||was supplemented|||||navy Initially, in the first operations against Alexander, the army was supplemented and supported by the Persian fleet. Inicialmente, nas primeiras operações contra Alexandre, o exército era complementado e apoiado pela frota persa.

Οι Πέρσες χρησιμοποίησαν στην σύγκρουσή τους με τους Μακεδόνες, κυπριακά, φοινικικά και ελληνικά (ιωνικά) os|persas|usaram|na|conflito|deles|com|os|macedônios|cipriotas|fenícios|e|gregos|jônicos ||used||conflict|||the||Cypriot language|Phoenician language|||Ionic Greek The Persians used Cypriot, Phoenician and Greek (Ionian) mercenary crews in their conflict with the Macedonians Os persas usaram na sua luta contra os macedônios, tripulações mercenárias cipriotas, fenícias e gregas (jônicas).

μισθοφορικά πληρώματα, που ήταν εμπειροπόλεμα. mercenários|tropas|que|eram|experientes em combate mercenary|crews|||battle-hardened , which were experienced in battle. que eram experientes em combate.

Παρ' όλα αυτά, η στρατηγική του Αλεξάνδρου και η συνοχή του μακεδονικού στρατού στις μάχες αποδείχθηκε νικηφόρα για τους Έλληνες. apesar de|tudo|isso|a|estratégia|de|Alexandre|e|a|coesão|do|macedônio|exército|nas|batalhas|provou-se|vitoriosa|para|os|gregos |||||||||||||||proved|victorious||| Nevertheless, Alexander's strategy and the cohesion of the Macedonian army in the battles proved victorious for the Greeks. Apesar disso, a estratégia de Alexandre e a coesão do exército macedônio nas batalhas se mostraram vitoriosas para os gregos.

Την άνοιξη του 334 π.Χ., λοιπόν, ο Αλέξανδρος και οι στρατιώτες του, na|primavera|de|||portanto|o|Alexandre|e|os|soldados|dele In the spring of 334 BC, therefore, Alexander and his soldiers, Na primavera de 334 a.C., portanto, Alexandre e seus soldados,

χωρίς ίσως να γνωρίζουν όλες τις λεπτομέρειες για το αξιόμαχο του περσικού στρατού και στόλου, sem|talvez|que|conheçam|todas|as|detalhes|sobre|o|valor|do|persa|exército|e|frota |||||||||combat readiness|||||fleet without perhaps knowing all the details of the warlike Persian army and fleet, sem talvez conhecer todos os detalhes sobre a força do exército e da frota persa,

αναχώρησαν από την Πέλλα με κατεύθυνση τον Ελλήσποντο. partiram|de|a|Pella|com|direção|ao|Helesponto departed|||||||Hellespont left Pella for the Hellespont. partiram de Pella com destino ao Helesponto.

Η εκστρατεία του Μ.Αλεξάνδρου διήρκησε σχεδόν 10 χρόνια στη διάρκεια των οποίων πραγματοποιήθηκαν A|campanha|de|||durou|quase|anos|durante|período|dos|quais|ocorreram |||||lasted|almost||||||were conducted The campaign of Alexander the Great lasted almost 10 years during which A campanha de Alexandre, o Grande, durou quase 10 anos durante os quais foram realizadas

πολλές σημαντικές μάχες και γεγονότα τα οποία θα αναλύσουμε σε ξεχωριστά αφιερώματα. muitas|importantes|batalhas|e|eventos|os|quais|irão|analisar|em|separados|homenagens ||||||||||separately|dedications many important battles and events took place which we will analyze in separate videos. muitas batalhas e eventos importantes que analisaremos em dedicatórias separadas.

Συνοπτικά λοιπόν, παραθέτουμε την πορεία του Μ.Αλεξάνδρου και του στρατεύματος του. portanto|portanto|apresentamos|a|trajetória|de|||e|do|exército|de in summary||we present||course||||||army| Briefly, we present the campaign of Alexander the Great and his army. Resumidamente, apresentamos o percurso de Alexandre, o Grande, e de seu exército.

Την άνοιξη του 324 π.Χ. γιορτάστηκε στα Σούσα η ολοκλήρωση της κατάκτησης του περσικού κράτους a|primavera|de|||foi comemorado|em|Susa|a|conclusão|da|conquista|do|persa|estado |||||was celebrated||Susa||||conquest||| In the spring of 324 BC. the completion of the conquest of the Persian state was celebrated in Susa Na primavera de 324 a.C., foi celebrada em Susa a conclusão da conquista do império persa.

με τη σύναψη μικτών γάμων ομαδικά, Μακεδόνων με Περσίδες. com|a|celebração|mistos|casamentos|em grupo|macedônios|com|persas ||conclusion|mixed|marriages|in groups|||Persian women with the conclusion of mixed marriages between Macedonians and Persians. com a realização de casamentos mistos em grupo, de macedônios com persas.

Ο Αλέξανδρος μολονότι ήταν νυμφευμένος με τη Ρωξάνη έλαβε και δεύτερη σύζυγο τη Στάτειρα, κόρη του Δαρείου. o|Alexandre|embora|era|casado|com|a|Roxana|tomou|e|segunda|esposa|a|Stateira|filha|de|Dario ||although||married|||Roxane|took|||||Stateira||| Although Alexander was married to Roxane, he also had a second wife, Stateira, daughter of Darius. Alexandre, embora estivesse casado com Roxana, também tomou como segunda esposa Stateira, filha de Dario.

Επίσης, στην επιθυμία του να ικανοποιήσει τους Μακεδόνες στρατιώτες ανέλαβε την ικανοποίηση των χρεών τους, também|na|desejo|de|de|satisfazer|os|macedônios|soldados|assumiu|a|satisfação|das|dívidas|deles |||||satisfy||||undertook||satisfaction||debts| In seinem Wunsch, die mazedonischen Soldaten zufrieden zu stellen, übernahm er auch die Begleichung ihrer Schulden, Also, in his desire to satisfy the Macedonian soldiers, he undertook the pay of their debts, Além disso, no desejo de satisfazer os soldados macedônios, assumiu a satisfação de suas dívidas,

μοίρασε δώρα και απένειμε τιμές σε όσους είχαν ανδραγαθήσει. distribuiu|presentes|e|concedeu|honras|a|aqueles que|tinham|se destacado distributed gifts|||awarded|||||distinguished themselves verteilte Geschenke und überreichte Ehrungen an die Genesenen. distributed gifts and awarded honors to those who had worked hard. distribuiu presentes e concedeu honras àqueles que haviam se destacado.

Στις 2 Ιουνίου 323 π.Χ. στην Βαβυλώνα και λίγο πριν την εκστρατεία στην Αραβία, em|de junho|||em|Babilônia|e|pouco|antes|da|campanha|em|Arábia |||||Babylon|||||||Arabia On June 2, 323 BC. in Babylon and shortly before the campaign in Arabia, Em 2 de junho de 323 a.C. na Babilônia e pouco antes da campanha na Arábia,

ο Αλέξανδρος έκαμε τις απαραίτητες θυσίες και μετά διασκέδασε σε συμπόσιο, o|Alexandre|fez|as|necessárias|sacrifícios|e|depois|se divertiu|em|banquete ||made||necessary||||celebrated||banquet Alexander made the necessary sacrifices and then had fun at a symposium, Alexandre fez os sacrifícios necessários e depois se divertiu em um banquete,

κατά τη διάρκεια του οποίου απάγγειλε και μια σκηνή από την "Ανδρομέδα" του Ευριπίδη. durante|a|duração|do|qual|recitou|e|uma|cena|de|a|Andrômeda|de|Eurípides |||||recited||||||Andromeda||Euripides during which he recited a scene from Euripides' "Andromeda". Durante o qual ele recitou uma cena de "Andrômeda" de Eurípides.

Προς τα ξημερώματα ο φίλος του Μήδιος πρότεινε να συνεχίσουν την διασκέδαση. para|as|manhãs|o|amigo|de|Mídio|sugeriu|que|continuem|a|diversão ||||||Mydios|suggested||||entertainment Towards dawn, his friend Medius suggested that they should continue to celebrate. Perto do amanhecer, seu amigo Mídio sugeriu que continuassem a diversão.

Πράγματι, το βράδυ της 2ας προς την 3η Ιουνίου το συμπόσιο συνεχίστηκε. de fato|o|noite|da|2ª|para|a|3ª|de Junho|o|banquete|continuou |||||||||||continued Indeed, on the evening of the 2nd to the 3rd of June the symposium continued. De fato, na noite de 2 para 3 de junho, o banquete continuou.

Εκείνη τη νύκτα εκδηλώθηκε για πρώτη φορά πυρετός στον βασιλέα. aquela|a|noite|manifestou-se|pela|primeira|vez|febre|ao|rei ||that night|manifested||||fever||king That night the king for the first time suffered from high fever. Naquela noite, a febre se manifestou pela primeira vez no rei.

Ο Αλέξανδρος έκαμε το λουτρό του και ξάπλωσε. o|Alexandre|fez|o|banho|dele|e|deitou-se ||made||bath|||lay down Alexander nahm ein Bad und legte sich hin. Alexander took a bath and lay down. Alexandre tomou seu banho e se deitou.

Ύστερα , δέχθηκε τους στρατηγούς του και παρόλο που ο πυρετός συνεχιζόταν, depois|recebeu|os|generais|dele|e|apesar|de que|o|febre|continuava |||generals|||||||continued Dann empfing er seine Generäle und obwohl das Fieber anhielt, He then discussed with his Generals and, although the fever continued, Depois, recebeu seus generais e, embora a febre continuasse,

όρισε ως ημέρα αναχωρήσεως για την Αραβία, την 22α και την 23η του μηνός Δαισίου, determinou|como|dia|partida|para|a|Arábia|a|22|e|a|23|do|mês|Daisio set|||departure||||||||||of the month|of Daisios den Tag der Abreise nach Arabien festlegen, den 22. und 23. des Monats Gänseblümchen, set a day of departure for Arabia, the 22nd and 23rd of the month of July, determinou como dia de partida para a Arábia, o 22 e o 23 do mês Daisio,

παραβλέποντας ότι οι Μακεδόνες δεν θεωρούσαν το μήνα αυτό ευνοϊκό για ανάληψη επιχειρήσεων. ignorando|que|os|macedônios|não|consideravam|o|mês|este|favorável|para|realização|operações overlooking that|||||||||favorable||taking up|business activities ignoriert, dass die Mazedonier diesen Monat nicht für günstig hielten, um Geschäfte zu machen. ignoring that the Macedonians did not consider this month favorable for undertaking operations. ignorando que os macedônios não consideravam este mês favorável para a realização de operações.

Τη νύκτα, ο Αλέξανδρος φλεγόμενος από πυρετό ζήτησε να τον μεταφέρουν με την κλίνη του a|noite|o|Alexandre|ardendo|de|febre|pediu|que|o|transportem|com|a|cama|dele ||||burning with||fever|||||||bed| At night, Alexander, burning with fever, asked to be transported by his bed Na noite, Alexandre, consumido pela febre, pediu para ser levado com sua cama

έως τις όχθες του ποταμού και να διεκπεραιωθεί απέναντι. até|as|margens|do|rio|e|que|seja levado|para o outro lado |||||||be completed| to the river bank and to be processed across the river. até as margens do rio e ser transportado para o outro lado.

Εκεί, λούστηκε και αναπαύτηκε. lá|se banhou|e|descansou |bathed||rested There, he bathed and rested. Lá, ele se banhou e descansou.

Την επομένη μετά το λουτρό έκαμε την καθιερωμένη θυσία, πέρασε την υπόλοιπη ημέρα συζητώντας με τον Μήδιο. a|seguinte|depois de|o|banho|fez|a|habitual|sacrifício|passou|a|restante|dia|conversando|com|o|Mídio |the next||||||established||||||talking|||Medea The next day after the bath he made the usual sacrifice, he spent the rest of the day talking to Midius. No dia seguinte, após o banho, fez o sacrifício habitual, passando o resto do dia conversando com o Mídio.

Αφού κάλεσε τους στρατηγούς σε σύσκεψη την επομένη το πρωί, ακολούθως δείπνησε. depois que|ele chamou|os|generais|para|reunião|a|próxima|a|manhã|em seguida|ele jantou |called||||meeting|||||then|had dinner After calling his Generals to a meeting the next morning, he had dinner. Depois de convocar os generais para uma reunião na manhã seguinte, ele então jantou.

Την νύκτα είχε υψηλό πυρετό. a|noite|ele teve|alto|febre |||high|fever He had a high fever at night. Naquela noite, teve febre alta.

Την επομένη αφού λούστηκε έκαμε θυσία και έδωσε εντολή στον Νέαρχο να φύγει σε τρεις ημέρες. a|próxima|depois que|ele se banhou|ele fez|sacrifício|e|ele deu|ordem|ao|Nearchus|para|ele partir|em|três|dias ||||||||||Nearchus||||| The next day after he bathed he made a sacrifice and he ordered Nearchus to leave in three days. No dia seguinte, depois de se banhar, fez um sacrifício e deu ordens a Nearchus para partir em três dias.

Την επομένη παρά τον πυρετό, θυσίασε και έδωσε εντολή τους αξιωματικούς a|próxima|apesar de|a|febre|ele sacrificou|e|ele deu|ordem|aos|oficiais |||||sacrificed|||||officers The next day, despite the fever, he sacrificed and ordered the officers No dia seguinte, apesar da febre, ele fez um sacrifício e deu ordens aos oficiais.

να είναι όλα έτοιμα για τον απόπλου του στόλου. que|seja|tudo|pronto|para|o|embarque|do|frotas ||||||departure||fleet to be all ready for the departure of the fleet. que tudo esteja pronto para a partida da frota.

Το βράδυ η κατάσταση του ήταν πλέον κρίσιμη. A|noite|a|condição|dele|estava|já|crítica At night his health condition was very bad. À noite, sua condição já era crítica.

Την επομένη λόγω του πυρετού, ζήτησε τη μεταφορά του στην κολυμβητική δεξαμενή. A|próxima|devido|ao|febre|pediu|a|transferência|dele|para a|piscina|tanque ||||fever||||||swimming pool|swimming pool The next day, due to the fever, he asked to be taken to the swimming pool. No dia seguinte, devido à febre, pediu para ser transferido para a piscina.

Ένιωσε καλύτερα και επακολούθησε συζήτηση με τους αξιωματικούς. Sentiu|melhor|e|seguiu-se|conversa|com|os|oficiais felt|||followed||||officers He felt better and then he had a discussion with the officers. Ele se sentiu melhor e seguiu uma conversa com os oficiais.

Αργότερα παρουσίασε εκ νέου υψηλό πυρετό, έκαμε πάλι τη θυσία της ημέρας, αλλά πήγε στο βωμό, υποβασταζόμενος. mais tarde|apresentou|de|novo|alto|febre|fez|novamente|a|sacrifício|do|dia|mas|foi|ao|altar|sendo sustentado |he presented|||||||||||||||being supported Later he developed a high fever again, he made the sacrifice of the day but he couldn't walk to the altar. Mais tarde apresentou novamente alta febre, fez novamente o sacrifício do dia, mas foi ao altar, apoiado.

Ενώ παράγγειλε στους στρατηγούς να περιμένουν στην αυλή, enquanto|ordenou|aos|generais|que|esperem|no|pátio Während er den Generälen befahl, im Hof zu warten, While ordering the generals to wait in the courtyard, he Enquanto ordenou aos generais que esperassem no pátio,

διέταξε τους χιλίαρχους και τους πεντακοσίαρχους να περιμένουν μπροστά από τις θύρες. ordenou|aos|milenares|e|aos|quinquagenários|que|esperem|na frente|de|as|portas he ordered||the chiliarchs|||the five hundred commanders||||||gates befahl den tausendfünfhundert Kommandanten, vor den Toren zu warten. ordered the Chiliarchs and Pentakosiarchs to wait in front of the gates. decretou que os centuriões e os quinquagenários esperassem diante das portas.

Στα ανάκτορα που μεταφέρθηκε, δέχθηκε τους στρατηγούς, προς τους οποίους nos|palácios|que|foi levado|recebeu|aos|generais|para|os|quais |palace||was transferred|received||generals||| In dem Palast, in den er versetzt wurde, empfing er die Generäle, denen At the palace he was transferred to, he discussed with the Generals, to whom Nos palácios para onde foi levado, recebeu os generais, para os quais

δεν κατόρθωσε να απευθύνει λόγο, μολονότι τους αναγνώρισε. não|conseguiu|que|dirigir|palavra|embora|os|reconheceu |||address|||| er sprach sie nicht an, obwohl er sie anerkannte. he could not speak to, although he recognized them. não conseguiu fazer um discurso, embora os reconhecesse.

Ο πυρετός συνέχισε για άλλα δύο εικοσιτετράωρα. O|febre|continuou|por|mais|dois|dias ||||||twenty-four hours The fever continued for another two twenty-four hours. A febre continuou por mais duas noites.

Στο μεταξύ, είχαν αρχίσει να διαδίδονται φήμες ότι είχε ήδη πεθάνει. No|entre|tinham|começado|a|se espalhar|rumores|que|tinha|já|morrido |||||spread|rumors|||| In the meantime, rumors were circulating that he had already died. Entretanto, começaram a circular rumores de que ele já havia morrido.

Οι περισσότεροι όμως, έσπευσαν να τον δουν για τελευταία φορά. A|maioria|porém|apressaram-se|a|o|ver|por|última|vez |||hurried|||||| Most, however, rushed to see him for the last time. No entanto, a maioria correu para vê-lo pela última vez.

Έτσι, όλοι οι στρατιώτες πέρασαν από μπροστά του με δάκρυα στα μάτια. assim|todos|os|soldados|passaram|por|frente|dele|com|lágrimas|nos|olhos So all the soldiers passed in front of him with tears in their eyes. Assim, todos os soldados passaram diante dele com lágrimas nos olhos.

Ο Αλέξανδρος δεν μπορούσε να τους μιλήσει, o|Alexandre|não|podia|de|lhes|falar Alexander could not speak to them, Alexandre não pôde falar com eles,

όμως τους χαιρετούσε κουνώντας το κεφάλι του και ανοιγοκλείνοντας τα μάτια. mas|lhes|cumprimentava|acenando|a|cabeça|dele|e|piscando|os|olhos ||he greeted|shaking|||||opening and closing|| but he greeted them by shaking his head and opening and closing his eyes. mas os cumprimentava balançando a cabeça e piscando os olhos.

Πέθανε στις 28 Δαισίου (13 Ιουνίου) του 323 π.Χ., το σούρουπο. morreu|em|de Daisio|de Junho|do|||ao|crepúsculo ||Daisios||||||dusk He died on 13th of June in 323 BC, at dusk. Ele morreu em 28 de Daisios (13 de junho) de 323 a.C., ao entardecer.

Λίγο πριν τον θάνατο του, ρωτήθηκε από τους εταίρους σε ποιόν αφήνει την βασιλεία pouco|antes|da|morte|dele|foi perguntado|por|os|parceiros|a|quem|deixa|a|reino |||||was asked|||partners|||he leaves|| Shortly before his death, he was asked by his partners to whom he was leaving the kingdom, Pouco antes de sua morte, foi perguntado pelos parceiros a quem deixaria o reino.

και αυτός απάντησε " τω κρατίστω" και προσθέτοντας : "μέγαν επιτάφιον αγώνα ορά εφ'αυτώ εσόμενον". e|ele|respondeu|ao|mais forte|e|acrescentando|grande|epílogo|luta|veja|sobre ele|que será |||to the|the strongest||adding|great|funeral oration|great contest|you will see|on it|will be und er antwortete "Ich halte es" und fügte hinzu: and he replied "To the best one" E ele respondeu "ao mais forte" e acrescentou: "grande luta fúnebre se verá sobre ele".

Πολλές φήμες κυκλοφόρησαν για τα αίτια του θανάτου του και ο Αρριανός γράφει για δηλητήριο muitas|rumores|circularam|sobre|os|causas|da|morte|dele|e|o|Arriano|escreve|sobre|veneno |rumors|circulated|||causes||death|||||writes||poison Many rumors circulated about the causes of his death and Arrian writes about a poison Muitos rumores circularam sobre as causas de sua morte e Arriano escreve sobre veneno.

που στάλθηκε από τον Αντίπατρο, τον στρατηγό που είχε μείνει στην Μακεδονία. que|foi enviado|por|o|Antípater|o|general|que|tinha|permanecido|na|Macedônia |was sent|||Antipatros||||||| sent by Antipater, the general who had stayed in Macedonia. que foi enviado por Antípater, o general que havia permanecido na Macedônia.

Λέγεται ότι του το είχε προμηθεύσει ο Αριστοτέλης, φοβούμενος για την ζωή του μετά τον θάνατο του ανιψιού του Καλλισθένη. diz-se|que|a ele|isso|tinha|fornecido|o|Aristóteles|temendo|por|a|vida|dele|após|a|morte|de|sobrinho|de|Calistenes |||||provided|||fearing|||||||||nephew of||Callisthenes It is said that Aristotle had supplied it to him, fearing for his life after the death of his niece Kallisthenes. Diz-se que foi Aristóteles quem lhe forneceu, temendo pela sua vida após a morte do seu sobrinho Calístenes.

Υποτίθεται ότι αυτό το δηλητήριο ήπιε ο Αλέξανδρος μαζί με το κρασί στο μεγάλο ποτήρι πριν ξεφωνίσει από τον πόνο. supõe-se|que|isso|o|veneno|bebeu|o|Alexandre|junto|com|o|vinho|no|grande|copo|antes|gritar|de|a|dor it is assumed||||poison|drank|||||||||||scream in pain||| It is supposed that Alexander drank this poison together with the wine in the big glass before he cried out in pain. Supõe-se que foi este veneno que Alexandre bebeu junto com o vinho no grande copo antes de gritar de dor.

Η θεωρία της συνωμοσίας και δηλητηριάσεως, όμως, δεν φαίνεται καθόλου πιθανή a|teoria|da|conspiração|e|envenenamento|porém|não|parece|de forma alguma|provável |||conspiracy||poisoning|||||likely The theory of conspiracy and poisoning, however, does not seem at all possible A teoria da conspiração e envenenamento, no entanto, não parece de forma alguma provável.

μια που δεν υπάρχει κανένα ιστορικό στοιχείο που να την επιβεβαιώνει. uma|que|não|existe|nenhum|histórico|elemento|que|que|a|confirma ||||||||||confirms since there is no historical evidence to support it. Uma vez que não há nenhum elemento histórico que a confirme.

Επιπλέον, την εποχή εκείνη δεν υπήρχε η ιατρική γνώση που θα καθόριζε μικρές δόσεις δηλητηρίου, além disso|a|época|aquela|não|havia|a|médica|conhecimento|que|irá|determinar|pequenas|doses|de veneno |||||||||||would determine||doses|poison Moreover, at that time there was no medical knowledge that would prescribe small doses of poison, Além disso, na época não havia o conhecimento médico que determinaria pequenas doses de veneno,

οι οποίες να είναι βέβαιο ότι θα σκοτώσουν τον Αλέξανδρο σιγά-σιγά. as|quais|que|são|certo|que|irá|matar|o|Alexandre|| |||||||will kill|||| which would surely kill Alexander slowly. as quais teriam certeza de matar Alexandre lentamente.

Από την άλλη πλευρά, είναι σαφές πως δεν του δόθηκε μία και μεγάλη δόση, η οποία φυσικά θα τον σκότωνε αμέσως. de|a|outra|lado|é|claro|que|não|lhe|foi dada|uma|e|grande|dose|a|qual|naturalmente|iria|o|mataria|imediatamente |||||clear||||was given||||dose||||||| On the other hand, it is clear that he was not given a single large dose, which of course would have killed him immediately. Por outro lado, é claro que não lhe foi dada uma única e grande dose, que naturalmente o mataria imediatamente.

Το πιο πιθανό είναι ότι ο Αλέξανδρος πέθανε από ελώδη πυρετό, o|mais|provável|é|que|o|Alexandre|morreu|de|malárico|febre |||||||||marshy|fever It is most probable that Alexander died of swamp fever, O mais provável é que Alexandre tenha morrido de febre malárica,

τύφο ή κακοήθη ελονοσία (οξεία εμπύρετη εγκεφαλίτιδα) καταπονημένος μετά από τους τόσους τραυματισμούς tifó|ou|maligna|malária|aguda|febril|encefalite|cansado|depois|de|os|tantos|ferimentos typhus||malignant|malaria|acute|feverish|encephalitis|exhausted||||so many|injuries typhoid or malignant malaria (acute febrile encephalitis) exhausted after so many injuries tifo ou malária maligna (encefalite febril aguda) exausto após tantos ferimentos

και τις τόσες κακουχίες που είχε περάσει και την πλήρη εξασθένιση του οργανισμού του e|as|tantas|privações|que|ele tinha|passado|e|a|total|enfraquecimento|de|organismo|dele |||hardships||||||complete|weakening||of the organism| and so many hardships he had gone through and the complete weakening of his body e tantas adversidades que havia passado e a completa debilitação de seu organismo

με τις συνεχιζόμενες για μέρες διασκεδάσεις. com|as|contínuas|por|dias|diversões ||ongoing|||entertainments with the continuous entertainment for days. com as contínuas festividades que duraram dias.

Ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος ανήκει στις συνέχειες και στις ασυνέχειες της Αρχαίας Ιστορίας O|Grande|Alexandre|pertence|às|continuidades|e|às|descontinuidades|da|Antiga|História |||belongs||continuities|||discontinuities||| Alexander the Great belongs to the continuum and the discontinuities of Ancient History Alexandre, o Grande, pertence às continuidades e descontinuidades da História Antiga.

και δεν μπορεί να εξετασθεί ξεχωριστά από το μακεδονικό του παρελθόν e|não|pode|partícula que indica infinitivo|ser examinado|separadamente|de|o|macedônio|seu|passado ||||be examined|||||| and can not be examined separately from his Macedonian past e não pode ser analisado separadamente de seu passado macedônio.

και την ιστορική του σχέση με τον πατέρα του Φίλιππο. e|a|histórica|sua|relação|com|o|pai|seu|Filipe and his historical relationship with his father Philip. e sua relação histórica com seu pai Filipe.

Η κατάκτηση της Περσικής Αυτοκρατορίας που επέτυχε πρέπει να θεωρηθεί A|conquista|da|Persa|Império|que|ele conseguiu|deve|partícula que indica infinitivo|ser considerada |conquest|||||was achieved|||be considered The conquest of the Persian Empire that he achieved must be considered A conquista do Império Persa que ele alcançou deve ser considerada

ως συνέχεια του μακεδονικού σχεδίου για την προστασία της Μακεδονίας como|continuação|do|macedônio|plano|para|a|proteção|da|Macedônia ||||plan||||| as a continuation of the Macedonian plan for the protection of Macedonia como uma continuação do plano macedônio para a proteção da Macedônia.

και κατ' επέκταση της Ελλάδας από τους Πέρσες. e|por|extensão|da|Grécia|de|os|persas and consequently of Greece by the Persians. e, por extensão, da Grécia pelos persas.

Αναμφισβήτητα, η επέλασή του στην Αίγυπτο, στην Εγγύς Ανατολή και στην Ασία indiscutivelmente|a|invasão|dele|na|Egito|na|Próxima|Oriente|e|na|Ásia undoubtedly||invasion|||||Near|||| Undoubtedly, his invasion of Egypt, the Near East and Asia Sem dúvida, sua invasão no Egito, no Oriente Próximo e na Ásia

καθιέρωσε στην Ανατολή την ελληνική γλώσσα και δι' αυτής μετέφερε τον ελληνικό πολιτισμό μέχρι τον Ινδό ποταμό. estabeleceu|no|Oriente|a|grega|língua|e|por meio de|dela|transportou|o|grego|cultura|até|o|Indo|rio established|||||||of it||||||||Indus| established the Greek language in the East and through it transported Greek culture to the Indus River. estabeleceu a língua grega no Oriente e, através dela, transferiu a cultura grega até o rio Indo.

Ταυτοχρόνως, όμως, ο Αλέξανδρος αποτελεί και μια ασυνέχεια, ao mesmo tempo|porém|o|Alexandre|constitui|e|uma|descontinuidade At the same time|||||||discontinuity At the same time, however, Alexander is a discontinuity, Ao mesmo tempo, no entanto, Alexandre também representa uma descontinuidade,

έναν καινούργιο ιστορικό κύκλο, διότι υπήρξε ο δημιουργός μιας ελληνικής αυτοκρατορίας, um|novo|histórico|ciclo|porque|foi|o|criador|de uma|grega|império |||cycle||||||| a new historical cycle, because he was the creator of a Greek empire, um novo ciclo histórico, pois foi o criador de um império grego,

ο κατακτητής και ο ηγεμόνας του κόσμου, αυτός που άνοιξε τον δρόμο για την ελληνική κυριαρχία o|conquistador|e|o|governante|do|mundo|este|que|abriu|o|caminho|para|a|grega|domínio |conqueror|||ruler|||he|||||||| the conqueror and ruler of the world, the one who paved the way for Greek rule o conquistador e o governante do mundo, aquele que abriu o caminho para a dominação grega

στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο, μέχρι την έλευση των Ρωμαίων. no|Oriental|Mediterrâneo|até|a|chegada|dos|romanos |Eastern||||arrival|| in the Eastern Mediterranean, until the arrival of the Romans. . no Mediterrâneo Oriental, até a chegada dos romanos.

Ο Μακεδόνας βασιλιάς ήταν ο ηγέτης που διακατεχόταν από το πάθος του να θέτει στόχους, o|macedônio|rei|era|o|líder|que|era dominado|por|a|paixão|de|de|estabelecer|metas |||||||was driven||||||| The Macedonian king was the leader who was possessed by his passion to set goals, O rei macedônio era o líder que era consumido pela paixão de estabelecer metas,

να τους κατακτά και μετά να θέτει νέους, δυσκολότερους, μακρύτερους, que|os|conquista|e|depois|que|estabelece|novos|mais difíceis|mais longos ||conquer||||set||more difficult|longer to conquer them and then to set new, more difficult, longer, conquistá-los e depois estabelecer novos, mais difíceis, mais longos,

υψηλότερους στόχους και πάλι να τους κατακτά. ||e|||os| higher||||||conquers higher goals and to conquer them again. mais altos objetivos e novamente conquistá-los.

Ο Αλέξανδρος ενδιαφερόταν και για την προσωπική του δόξα ποτισμένος από τα ομηρικά έπη, O|Alexandre|se interessava|e|por|a|pessoal|sua|glória|imbuído|por|as|homéricos|épicos ||was interested||||personal||glory|soaked|||Homeric|epics Alexander was also interested in his personal glory, influenced by the Homeric epics, Alexandre se interessava também pela sua própria glória, imbuído pelos épicos homéricos,

τους θρύλους για την θεϊκή του καταγωγή και τις μεγάλες πολιτικές και στρατιωτικές επιτυχίες του Φιλίππου Β'. the legends about his divine origin and the great political and military successes of Philip II. as lendas sobre sua origem divina e os grandes sucessos políticos e militares de Filipe II.

Είχε την ευτυχία να νικηθεί μόνο από τον θάνατο. ele teve|a|felicidade|de|ser vencido|apenas|por|a|morte ||happiness||be defeated|||| He was fortunate to be defeated only by death. Teve a felicidade de ser vencido apenas pela morte.