Η Μάχη των Θερμοπυλών a|batalha|das|Termópilas The|Battle|of|Thermopylae Die Schlacht bei den Thermopylen La batalla de las Termópilas The Battle of Thermopylae A Batalha das Termópilas

Η μάχη των Θερμοπυλών αποτελεί μια από τις πιο σημαντικές μάχες στην ελληνική και παγκόσμια ιστορία. a|batalha|das|Termópilas|constitui|uma|das|mais|importantes|significativas|batalhas|na|grega|e|mundial|história The|battle|of|Thermopylae|constitutes|one|of|the|most|significant|battles|in|Greek|and|world|history Die Schlacht bei den Thermopylen ist eine der wichtigsten Schlachten der griechischen und der Weltgeschichte. The battle of Thermopylae is one of the most significant battles in Greek and world history. A batalha das Termópilas é uma das mais importantes batalhas na história grega e mundial.

Κυρίως όμως από ηθική άποψη είναι λαμπρό παράδειγμα αυταπάρνησης, αυτοθυσίας και υπακοής στην πατρίδα. principalmente|porém|de|ética|perspectiva|é|brilhante|exemplo|abnegação|auto-sacrifício|e|obediência|à|pátria Mainly|but|from|moral|perspective|is|brilliant|example|selflessness|self-sacrifice|and|obedience|to the|homeland Vor allem aber ist er aus moralischer Sicht ein leuchtendes Beispiel für Selbstverleugnung, Selbstaufopferung und Gehorsam gegenüber seinem Land. Primarily, however, from a moral standpoint, it is a shining example of selflessness, self-sacrifice, and obedience to the homeland. Principalmente, porém, do ponto de vista ético, é um brilhante exemplo de abnegação, auto-sacrifício e obediência à pátria.

Η μάχη έδειξε τα πλεονεκτήματα της στρατιωτικής εκπαίδευσης των Σπαρτιατών, a|batalha|mostrou|os|vantagens|da|militar|treinamento|dos|espartanos The|battle|showed|the|advantages|of the|military|training|of the|Spartans The battle demonstrated the advantages of the military training of the Spartans, A batalha mostrou as vantagens do treinamento militar dos espartanos,

του καλύτερου εξοπλισμού και της έξυπνης χρήσης της διαμόρφωσης του εδάφους. do|melhor|equipamento|e|da|inteligente|uso|da|modelagem|do|solo of|best|equipment|and|of|smart|use|of|shaping|of|soil der besten Ausrüstung und der intelligenten Nutzung des Geländes. of the best equipment and the smart use of terrain configuration. do melhor equipamento e do uso inteligente da configuração do terreno.

Καλώς ήρθατε στο κανάλι Alpha Ωmega. Σε αυτό το βίντεο θα μιλήσουμε για τη μάχη των Θερμοπυλών. bem|vocês chegaram|no|canal|Alpha|Ômega|neste|este|o|vídeo|irá|nós falaremos|sobre|a|batalha|das|Termópilas welcome|you arrived|to the|channel|Alpha|Omega|In this|this|the|video|will|we will talk|about|the|battle|of the|Thermopylae Welcome to the Alpha Omega channel. In this video, we will talk about the Battle of Thermopylae. Bem-vindo ao canal Alpha Ômega. Neste vídeo, vamos falar sobre a batalha das Termópilas.

Αν επισκέπτεσθε για πρώτη φορά το κανάλι μας μην ξεχάσετε να κάνετε Εγγραφή se|vocês visitam|pela|primeira|vez|o|canal|nosso|não|esqueçam|de|fazer|inscrição If|you visit|for|first|time|the|channel|our|not|forget|to|do|Subscription Wenn Sie unseren Kanal zum ersten Mal besuchen, vergessen Sie nicht, sich zu registrieren If you are visiting our channel for the first time, don't forget to subscribe. Se você está visitando nosso canal pela primeira vez, não se esqueça de se inscrever.

και να πατήσετε στο εικονίδιο με το κουδούνι για να ειδοποιήστε κάθε φορά που ανεβάζουμε νέο βίντεο. e|de|clicar|no|ícone|com|o|sino|para|de|vocês sejam notificados|toda|vez|que|nós carregamos|novo|vídeo and|to|click|on|icon|with|the|bell|to|to|be notified|every|time|that|we upload|new|video und tippen Sie auf das Glockensymbol, um benachrichtigt zu werden, wenn wir ein neues Video hochladen. and click the bell icon to be notified every time we upload a new video. e clicar no ícone do sino para ser notificado sempre que postarmos um novo vídeo.

Τι λέτε πάμε να ξεκινήσουμε; que|vocês dizem|vamos|para|começarmos What|do you say|shall we go|to|start Was halten Sie davon, wenn wir anfangen? What do you say, shall we start? O que vocês acham, vamos começar?

Από τις αρχές του 5ου π.Χ. αιώνα, το πανίσχυρο περσικό βασίλειο, που εκτεινόταν μέχρι τα παράλια της Μικράς Ασίας, desde|as|inícios|do|5º|||século|o|poderosíssimo|persa|reino|que|se estendia|até|as|costas|da|Pequena|Ásia From|the|beginnings|of|5th|||century|the|all-powerful|Persian|kingdom|which|extended|up to|the|coasts|of|Asia Minor|Asia Zu Beginn des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. erstreckte sich das mächtige persische Reich bis zur kleinasiatischen Küste, From the early 5th century BC, the powerful Persian kingdom, which extended to the coasts of Asia Minor, Desde o início do século V a.C., o poderoso reino persa, que se estendia até as costas da Ásia Menor,

ξεκίνησε τις προσπάθειες να επεκταθεί προς τη Δύση, στα εδάφη της κυρίως Ελλάδας. começou|as|tentativas|para|se expandir|em direção a|aos|Oeste|nos|territórios|da|principalmente|Grécia started|the|efforts|to|expand|towards|the|West|in the|territories|of|mainly|Greece begannen die Bemühungen, nach Westen zu expandieren, vor allem in die griechischen Gebiete. began efforts to expand westward, into the territories of mainly Greece. começou os esforços para se expandir para o Ocidente, nas terras da Grécia.

Η πρώτη σοβαρή οργανωμένη επιχείρηση του βασιλιά Δαρείου απέτυχε ύστερα από τη νίκη των Ελλήνων στον Μαραθώνα το 490 π.Χ. a|primeira|séria|organizada|expedição|do|rei|Dario|falhou|depois|da|a|vitória|dos|gregos|na|Maratona|o|| The|first|serious|organized|campaign|of|king|Darius|failed|after|from|the|victory|of the|Greeks|at|Marathon|in the|| Die erste ernsthafte organisierte Operation von König Darius scheiterte nach dem Sieg der Griechen bei Marathon im Jahr 490 v. Chr. The first serious organized campaign of King Darius failed after the victory of the Greeks at Marathon in 490 BC. A primeira séria operação organizada do rei Dario falhou após a vitória dos gregos na Batalha de Maratona em 490 a.C.

Εννέα χρόνια αργότερα, το 481 π.Χ., ξεκίνησε η επόμενη εκστρατεία κατά της Ελλάδας, nove|anos|depois|a|||começou|a|próxima|campanha|contra|a|Grécia Nine|years|later|the|||began|the|next|campaign|against|of|Greece Neun Jahre später, im Jahr 481 v. Chr., begann der nächste Feldzug gegen Griechenland, Nine years later, in 481 BC, the next campaign against Greece began, Nove anos depois, em 481 a.C., começou a próxima campanha contra a Grécia,

που για πολύ καιρό οργάνωνε ο Ξέρξης, γιος και διάδοχος του Δαρείου. que|por|muito|tempo|organizava|o|Xerxes|filho|e|sucessor|de|Dario which|for|a long|time||the|Xerxes|son|and|successor|of|Darius lange Zeit von Xerxes, dem Sohn und Nachfolger von Darius, organisiert. which Xerxes, the son and successor of Darius, had been organizing for a long time. que por muito tempo foi organizada por Xerxes, filho e sucessor de Dario.

Το βασίλειο των Περσών την εποχή εκείνη ήταν από κάθε άποψη μυθικό για τους Έλληνες. o|reino|dos|persas|a|época|aquela|era|de|toda|perspectiva|mítico|para|os|gregos The|kingdom|of|Persians|that|time|that|was|from|every|perspective|mythical|for|the|Greeks Das Reich der Perser war für die Griechen zu dieser Zeit in jeder Hinsicht mythisch. The Persian kingdom at that time was mythical in every way for the Greeks. O reino dos persas naquela época era, sob todos os aspectos, mítico para os gregos.

Μεγάλος πλούτος, τεράστιες εκτάσεις, ισχυρό στράτευμα, δεκάδες κατακτημένοι λαοί. grande|riqueza|enormes|extensões|forte|exército|dezenas|conquistados|povos Great|wealth|vast|territories|strong|army|dozens|conquered|peoples Großer Reichtum, riesige Territorien, eine mächtige Armee, Dutzende eroberter Völker. Great wealth, vast territories, a powerful army, dozens of conquered peoples. Grande riqueza, vastas extensões, um exército poderoso, dezenas de povos conquistados.

Ο Ηρόδοτος, που περιγράφει όλη την εκστρατεία του Ξέρξη, αναφέρει ότι η δύναμη που ξεκίνησε κατά της Ελλάδας το 481 π.Χ. o|Heródoto|que|descreve|toda|a|campanha|de|Xerxes|menciona|que|a|força|que|partiu|contra|da|Grécia|em|| The|Herodotus|who|describes|all|the|campaign|of|Xerxes|mentions|that|the|force|that|started|against|of|Greece|in|| Herodot, der den gesamten Feldzug des Xerxes beschreibt, stellt fest, dass die Truppen, die 481 v. Chr. gegen Griechenland antraten. Herodotus, who describes the entire campaign of Xerxes, states that the force that set out against Greece in 481 BC. Heródoto, que descreve toda a campanha de Xerxes, menciona que a força que partiu contra a Grécia em 481 a.C.

έφθανε τους 1.700.000 πολεμιστές και τα 1207 πολεμικά πλοία. chegava|a|guerreiros|e|os|de guerra|navios reached|to|warriors|and|the|war|ships erreichte 1.700.000 Krieger und 1207 Kriegsschiffe. amounted to 1,700,000 warriors and 1,207 warships. chegava a 1.700.000 guerreiros e 1207 navios de guerra.

Το σύνολο των ανθρώπων, μαζί με τους συνοδούς και τους αμάχους, θα ήταν περίπου 5.000.000. o|total|de|pessoas|junto|com|os|acompanhantes|e|os|não combatentes|verbo auxiliar futuro|seria|cerca The|total|of|people|together|with|the|escorts|and|the|non-combatants|would|be|approximately Die Gesamtzahl der Menschen, einschließlich der Begleitpersonen und der Zivilisten, würde etwa 5.000.000 betragen. The total number of people, including attendants and non-combatants, would be around 5,000,000. O total de pessoas, incluindo acompanhantes e civis, seria de aproximadamente 5.000.000.

Οι αριθμοί αυτοί είναι σίγουρα υπερβολικοί, καθώς η περσική δύναμη φάνταζε πολύ μεγαλύτερη και τρομακτική στα μάτια των Ελλήνων. os|números|estes|são|certamente|exagerados|pois|a|persa|força|parecia|muito|maior|e|aterrorizante|aos|olhos|dos|gregos The|numbers|these|are|surely|exaggerated|as|the|Persian|power|seemed|very|greater|and|terrifying|in the|eyes|of the|Greeks Diese Zahlen sind sicherlich übertrieben, da die persische Streitmacht in den Augen der Griechen viel größer und eindrucksvoller erschien. These numbers are certainly exaggerated, as the Persian force appeared much larger and more terrifying in the eyes of the Greeks. Esses números são certamente exagerados, pois a força persa parecia muito maior e aterrorizante aos olhos dos gregos.

Σήμερα, οι περισσότεροι μελετητές συμφωνούν ότι ο στρατός πρέπει να αριθμούσε από 150.000 έως 400.000 άνδρες. hoje|os|mais|estudiosos|concordam|que|o|exército|deve|partícula de infinitivo|contava|de|até|homens Today|the|most|scholars|agree|that|the|army|should|to|numbered|from|to|men Heute sind sich die meisten Gelehrten einig, dass das Heer zwischen 150.000 und 400.000 Mann stark gewesen sein muss. Today, most scholars agree that the army must have numbered between 150,000 and 400,000 men. Hoje, a maioria dos estudiosos concorda que o exército deveria ter entre 150.000 e 400.000 homens.

Αξιοσημείωτο, πάντως, είναι, ότι περιλάμβανε πολεμιστές από σαράντα έξι διαφορετικά έθνη, notável|no entanto|é|que|incluía|guerreiros|de|quarenta|seis|diferentes|nações noteworthy|anyway|is|that|included|warriors|from|forty|six|different|nations Bemerkenswert ist jedoch, dass es sich um Krieger aus sechsundvierzig verschiedenen Nationen handelte, Notably, however, it included warriors from forty-six different nations, Notavelmente, no entanto, incluía guerreiros de quarenta e seis nações diferentes,

ενώ το πιο σημαντικό του τμήμα ήταν οι «αθάνατοι», το επίλεκτο σώμα Περσών της βασιλικής φρουράς, enquanto|o|mais|importante|seu|parte|era|os|imortais|o|de elite|corpo|persas|da|real|guarda while|the|most|important|of|division|was|the|Immortals|the|elite|corps|Persians|of the|royal|guard Sein wichtigster Teil waren die "Unsterblichen", das persische Elitekorps der königlichen Garde, while its most important unit was the "Immortals," the elite corps of Persians in the royal guard, enquanto a parte mais importante era os "imortais", o corpo de elite dos persas da guarda real,

που ονομάζονταν έτσι γιατί ο αριθμός τους παρέμενε πάντα αμείωτος στους10.000. que|eram chamados|assim|porque|o|número|deles|permanecia|sempre|inalterado|em which|were called|like that|because|the|number|them|remained|always|undecreased|at so genannt, weil ihre Zahl immer unverändert bei 10.000 blieb. who were called so because their number always remained constant at 10,000. que eram assim chamados porque seu número permanecia sempre constante em 10.000.

Οι Έλληνες είχαν πληροφορίες για τη δύναμη και τις βλέψεις των Περσών, os|gregos|tinham|informações|sobre|a|força|e|as|ambições|dos|persas The|Greeks|had|information|about|the|strength|and|the|ambitions|of the|Persians The Greeks had information about the strength and ambitions of the Persians, Os gregos tinham informações sobre a força e as ambições dos persas,

καθώς είχαν στείλει κατασκόπους στις Σάρδεις, στην έδρα του Ξέρξη. pois|tinham|enviado|espiões|para as|Sardes|na|sede|de|Xerxes as|they had|sent|spies|to the|Sardis|at the|seat|of|Xerxes como habían enviado espías a Sardis, el cuartel general de Jerjes. as they had sent spies to Sardis, the seat of Xerxes. pois haviam enviado espiões para Sardes, na sede de Xerxes.

Έχοντας την εμπειρία της προηγούμενης περσικής εκστρατείας, γνώριζαν, επίσης, tendo|a|experiência|da|anterior|persa|campanha|sabiam| Having|the|experience|of|previous|Persian|campaign|they knew|also Having the experience of the previous Persian campaign, they also knew, Tendo a experiência da anterior campanha persa, sabiam, também,

ότι για να αντιμετωπίσουν μια τέτοια υπερδύναμη, έπρεπε να συμμαχήσουν κατά του κοινού εχθρού. que|para||enfrentar|uma|tal|superpotência|precisavam||se aliar|contra|do|comum|inimigo that|in order to|(particle for subjunctive)|confront|such|such|superpower|they had to|(particle for subjunctive)|ally|against|the|common|enemy that to confront such a superpower, they had to ally against the common enemy. que para enfrentar uma superpotência como essa, precisavam se aliar contra o inimigo comum.

Μεταξύ των Ελλήνων είχε διαμορφωθεί κοινή εθνική συνείδηση, παρά το γεγονός ότι ανήκαν σε διαφορετικά φύλα entre|os|gregos|tinha|se formado|comum|nacional|consciência|apesar|o|fato|de que|pertenciam|a|diferentes|tribos Among|the|Greeks|had|been formed|common|national|consciousness|despite|the|fact|that|belonged|to|different|tribes Among the Greeks, a common national consciousness had developed, despite the fact that they belonged to different tribes. Entre os gregos havia uma consciência nacional comum, apesar do fato de pertencerem a diferentes tribos.

και ήταν οργανωμένοι σε πόλεις-κράτη, με αγεφύρωτες, πολλές φορές, διαφορές. e|eram|organizados|em|||com|intransponíveis|muitas|vezes|diferenças and|were|organized|in|||with|unbridged|many|times|differences They were organized into city-states, often with insurmountable differences. E estavam organizados em cidades-estado, com diferenças muitas vezes intransponíveis.

Η ισχυρότερη στρατιωτική δύναμη ήταν η Σπάρτη, ενώ το κράτος της Αθήνας είχε πρόσφατα δημιουργήσει το ισχυρότερο ναυτικό a|mais forte|militar|força|era|a|Esparta|enquanto|o|estado|de|Atenas|tinha|recentemente|criado|o|mais forte|marinha The|strongest|military|power|was|the|Sparta|while|the|state|of|Athens|had|recently|created|the|strongest|navy The strongest military power was Sparta, while the state of Athens had recently created the strongest navy. A força militar mais poderosa era Esparta, enquanto o estado de Atenas havia recentemente criado a marinha mais forte.

και είχε ήδη αρχίσει να επιβάλλεται πολιτικά στους συμμάχους του, κυρίως λόγω του γοήτρου που είχε αποκτήσει μετά τη νίκη στο Μαραθώνα. e|tinha|já|começado|a|se impor|politicamente|aos|aliados|de|principalmente|devido|ao|prestígio|que|tinha|adquirido|após|a|vitória|em|Maratona and|had|already|begun|to|impose himself|politically|on his|allies|his|mainly|due to|the|prestige|that|had|acquired|after|the|victory|at|Marathon It had already begun to impose itself politically on its allies, mainly due to the prestige it had gained after the victory at Marathon. E já havia começado a se impor politicamente sobre seus aliados, principalmente devido ao prestígio que havia adquirido após a vitória em Maratona.

Μέσα σε αυτό το κλίμα, το φθινόπωρο του 481 π.Χ. πραγματοποιήθηκε πανελλήνιο συνέδριο στην Κόρινθο, με τη συμμετοχή όλων σχεδόν των ελληνικών πόλεων. dentro|em|este|o|clima|o|outono|de|||foi realizado|pan-helênico|congresso|na|Corinto|com|a|participação|de todas|quase|das|gregas|cidades Inside|in|this|the|climate|the|autumn|of|||was held|Panhellenic|conference|in|Corinth|with|the|participation|all|almost|the|Greek|city-states En este clima, en el otoño del 481 a. Se celebró una conferencia panhelénica en Corinto, con la participación de casi todas las ciudades griegas. In this climate, in the autumn of 481 BC, a panhellenic conference was held in Corinth, with the participation of almost all Greek cities. Dentro desse clima, no outono de 481 a.C., foi realizado um congresso pan-helênico em Corinto, com a participação de quase todas as cidades gregas.

Στο συνέδριο αποφασίστηκε να μην υποταγούν στους Πέρσες, αλλά να αμυνθούν από κοινού, με συμμαχικό στρατό και στόλο. no|congresso|foi decidido|que|não|se submetam|aos|persas|mas|que|se defendam|de|em conjunto|com|aliado|exército|e|frota At the|conference|it was decided|to|not|submit|to the|Persians|but|to|defend|against|together|with|allied|army|and|navy Auf dem Kongress wurde beschlossen, sich den Persern nicht zu unterwerfen, sondern sich gemeinsam mit einer verbündeten Armee und Flotte zu verteidigen. At the conference, it was decided not to submit to the Persians, but to defend themselves jointly, with an allied army and fleet. No congresso, decidiu-se não se submeter aos persas, mas se defenderem em conjunto, com um exército e uma frota aliados.

Την άνοιξη του 480 π.Χ. ο Ξέρξης περνούσε τον Ελλήσποντο και η ενεργοποίηση των Ελλήνων ήταν πια αναγκαία. a|primavera|de|||o|Xerxes|estava atravessando|o|Helesponto|e|a|ativação|dos|gregos|era|já|necessária The|spring|of|||the|Xerxes|was crossing|the|Hellespont|and|the|mobilization|of the|Greeks|was|now|necessary In the spring of 480 BC, Xerxes crossed the Hellespont and the activation of the Greeks was now necessary. Na primavera de 480 a.C., Xerxes atravessou o Helesponto e a ativação dos gregos já era necessária.

Υπό την πίεση των Θεσσαλών, έλαβαν την πρώτη απόφαση. sob|a|pressão|dos|tessálios|tomaram|a|primeira|decisão Under|the|pressure|of the|Thessalians|they took|the|first|decision Under pressure from the Thessalians, they made the first decision. Sob a pressão dos tessálios, tomaram a primeira decisão.

Να προστατεύσουν το βορειότερο δυνατό πέρασμα, τα Τέμπη. para|proteger|a|mais ao norte|possível|passagem|os|Tempos To|protect|the|northernmost|possible|passage|the|Tempi To protect the northernmost possible passage, the Tempe. Proteger a passagem mais ao norte possível, os Tembi.

Έτσι, 10.000 βαρέως οπλισμένοι άνδρες έφθασαν στην περιοχή, αλλά εκεί συνειδητοποίησαν assim|pesadamente|armados|homens|chegaram|na|região|mas|lá|perceberam Thus|heavily|armed|men|arrived|in the|area|but|there|realized Thus, 10,000 heavily armed men arrived in the area, but there they realized Assim, 10.000 homens fortemente armados chegaram à área, mas lá perceberam

ότι υπήρχαν και άλλα περάσματα από τη Μακεδονία στη Θεσσαλία, από τα οποία ήταν πιο πιθανό να περάσουν οι Πέρσες. que|havia|e|outras|passagens|de|a|Macedônia|em|Tessália|dos|quais||eram|mais|provável|que|passassem|os|persas that|there were|and|other|passages|from|the|Macedonia|to|Thessaly|from|the|which|were|more|likely|to|pass|the|Persians that there were other passages from Macedonia to Thessaly, through which the Persians were more likely to pass. que havia outras passagens da Macedônia para a Tessália, pelas quais era mais provável que os persas passassem.

Πράγματι, ένα από αυτά ακολούθησε ο Ξέρξης. de fato|uma|de|essas|seguiu|o|Xerxes Indeed|one|of|these|followed|the|Xerxes Indeed, one of these was followed by Xerxes. De fato, um deles foi seguido por Xerxes.

Ταυτόχρονα, ορισμένες πόλεις των Θεσσαλών, που συμμετείχαν στην επιχείρηση αυτή με το ιππικό τους, ao mesmo tempo|algumas|cidades|dos|tessalios|que|participaram|na|operação|esta|com|o|cavalo|deles At the same time|certain|cities|of|Thessalians|who|participated|in the|operation|this|with|the|cavalry|their At the same time, some cities of Thessaly, which participated in this operation with their cavalry, Ao mesmo tempo, algumas cidades dos Tessalios, que participaram desta operação com sua cavalaria,

κρατούσαν αμφίβολη στάση ως προς τη συμμαχία τους με τους υπόλοιπους Έλληνες και ο βασιλιάς της Μακεδονίας Αλέξανδρος Α΄, mantinham|duvidosa|postura|em|relação a|a|aliança|deles|com|os|restantes|gregos|e|o|rei|da|Macedônia|Alexandre|1º held|ambiguous|stance|as|regarding|the|alliance|their|||other|Greeks|and|the|king|of|Macedonia|Alexander|the first held a dubious stance regarding their alliance with the other Greeks, and the king of Macedonia, Alexander I, mantinham uma postura duvidosa em relação à sua aliança com os demais gregos e o rei da Macedônia Alexandre I,

γνωρίζοντας τη δύναμη των Περσών, τους προέτρεπε να υποχωρήσουν πιο νότια, sabendo|a|força|dos|persas|os|encorajava|a|recuassem|mais|ao sul knowing|the|strength|of the|Persians|them|urged|to|retreat|further|south knowing the strength of the Persians, urged them to retreat further south, sabendo da força dos persas, os incentivava a recuar mais para o sul,

προκειμένου να αποφύγουν την καταστροφή. a fim de|a|evitarem|a|destruição in order to|to|avoid|the|destruction in order to avoid destruction. a fim de evitar a destruição.

Οι Έλληνες αναγκάστηκαν να επιστρέψουν στον Ισθμό. os|gregos|foram forçados|a|retornar|ao|Istmo The|Greeks|were forced|to|return|to the|Isthmus Los griegos se vieron obligados a regresar al istmo. The Greeks were forced to return to the Isthmus. Os gregos foram forçados a retornar ao Istmo.

Ο στρατός του Ξέρξη προχωρούσε χωρίς να συναντά αντίσταση και προξενώντας μεγάλες καταστροφές, o|exército|de|Xerxes|avançava|sem|a|encontrar|resistência|e|causando|grandes|destruições The|army|of|Xerxes|advanced|without|(particle)|encountering|resistance|and|causing|great|destructions Xerxes' army advanced without encountering resistance and causing great destruction, O exército de Xerxes avançava sem encontrar resistência e causando grandes destruições,

αφού μόνο για τη συντήρησή του καταναλώθηκαν οι προμήθειες όλων των περιοχών. pois que|apenas|para|a|manutenção|de|foram consumidas|as|suprimentos|de todas|das|regiões since|only|for|the|maintenance|it|were consumed|the|supplies|all|the|areas as the supplies from all regions were consumed just for its maintenance. já que apenas para a sua manutenção foram consumidos os suprimentos de todas as regiões.

Ολόκληρη η Θεσσαλία, η Λοκρίδα και η Βοιωτία υποτάχθηκαν στους Πέρσες και το μαντείο των Δελφών προέβλεπε με χρησμούς την καταστροφή. toda|a|Tessália|a|Lócrida|e|a|Beócia|se submeteram|aos|persas|e|o|oráculo|dos|Delfos|previa|com|oráculos|a|destruição Entire|the|Thessaly|the|Lokris|and|the|Boeotia|were subjugated|to the|Persians|and|the|oracle|of the|Delphians|predicted|with|oracles|the|destruction Toda Tesalia, Locri y Beocia fueron subyugadas a los persas y el oráculo de Delfos predijo la destrucción con oráculos. All of Thessaly, Locris, and Boeotia submitted to the Persians, and the oracle of Delphi predicted destruction with prophecies. Toda a Tessália, a Locrida e a Beócia se submeteram aos persas e o oráculo de Delfos previa com profecias a destruição.

Οι μόνες πόλεις που δεν μήδισαν ήταν οι Θεσπιές και οι Πλαταιές. as|únicas|cidades|que|não|se renderam|eram|as|Tespeias|e|as|Plateias The|only|cities|that|not|medized|were|the|Thespiae|and|the|Plataea The only cities that did not surrender were Thespiae and Plataea. As únicas cidades que não se renderam foram as Tespeias e as Plateias.

Στα τέλη Ιουλίου του 480 π.Χ. ο Ξέρξης είχε ήδη φθάσει στην Πιερία και οι Έλληνες αποφάσισαν no|finais|de julho|do|||o|Xerxes|tinha|já|chegado|na|Pieria|e|os|gregos|decidiram At|the end|of July|of|||the|Xerxes|had|already|arrived|in|Pieria|and|the|Greeks|decided At the end of July 480 BC, Xerxes had already arrived in Pieria and the Greeks decided No final de julho de 480 a.C., Xerxes já havia chegado à Pieria e os gregos decidiram

να παραταχθούν στο αμέσως επόμενο σημαντικό πέρασμα, που ήταν αυτό των Θερμοπυλών. para|se posicionar|no|imediatamente|próximo|importante|passagem|que|era|esta|das|Termópilas to|be arranged|at|immediately|next|significant|passage|which|was|this|of|Thermopylae to position themselves at the immediately next significant pass, which was that of Thermopylae. se posicionar no próximo importante desfiladeiro, que era o das Termópilas.

Παράλληλα, ο στόλος θα βρισκόταν στο Αρτεμίσιο, στη βόρεια Εύβοια. paralelamente|a|frota|irá|estar|em|Artemísio|na|norte|Eubeia At the same time|the|fleet|would|be located|at|Artemisium|in|northern|Euboea At the same time, the fleet would be at Artemisium, in northern Euboea. Paralelamente, a frota estaria em Artemísio, no norte da Eubeia.

Κατά την αρχαιότητα το τοπίο στις Θερμοπύλες ήταν τελείως διαφορετικό, γιατί σήμερα η ξηρά έχει επεκταθεί με τις προσχώσεις του Σπερχειού ποταμού. durante|a|antiguidade|a|paisagem|nas|Termópilas|era|completamente|diferente|porque|hoje|a|terra|tem|se expandido|com|as|aterros|do|Sperqueio|rio During|the|antiquity|the|landscape|at the|Thermopylae|was|completely|different|because|today|the|land|has||with|the|deposits|of the|Spercheios|river En la antigüedad, el paisaje en las Termópilas era completamente diferente, porque hoy la tierra se ha expandido con el aluvión del río Sperchios. In ancient times, the landscape at Thermopylae was completely different, as today the land has expanded with the alluvial deposits of the Spercheios River. Na antiguidade, a paisagem nas Termópilas era completamente diferente, pois hoje a terra se expandiu com os depósitos do rio Spercheios.

Ο δρόμος περνούσε περίπου όπου και η σύγχρονη εθνική οδός, αλλά το πέρασμα ήταν πολύ στενότερο, ανάμεσα στη θάλασσα και τα απότομα βουνά. o|caminho|passava|aproximadamente|onde|e|a|moderna|nacional|estrada|mas|a|passagem|era|muito|mais estreito|entre|ao|mar|e|as|íngremes|montanhas The|road|passed|approximately|where|and|the|modern|national|road|but|the|passage|was|much|narrower|between|in the|sea|and|the|steep|mountains The road passed approximately where the modern national road is, but the passage was much narrower, between the sea and the steep mountains. A estrada passava aproximadamente onde está a moderna estrada nacional, mas a passagem era muito mais estreita, entre o mar e as montanhas íngremes.

Είχε μήκος περίπου εννέα χιλιομέτρων και στένευε σε τρία σημεία. tinha|comprimento|aproximadamente|nove|quilômetros|e|estreitava|em|três|pontos It had|length|approximately|nine|kilometers|and|narrowed|at|three|points It was about nine kilometers long and narrowed at three points. Tinha cerca de nove quilômetros de comprimento e estreitava em três pontos.

Στο ανατολικό και το δυτικό άκρο υπήρχε χώρος για να περνά μόνο μία άμαξα, ενώ στο μέσο είχε πλάτος 15 μ. no|oriental|e|o|ocidental|extremo|havia|espaço|para|que|passar|apenas|uma|carroça|enquanto|no|meio|tinha|largura|metros At the|eastern|and|the|western|end|there was|space|for|to|pass|only|one|carriage|while|in the|middle|had|width|meters At the eastern and western ends, there was space for only one chariot to pass, while in the middle it was 15 meters wide. Na extremidade leste e na extremidade oeste havia espaço para passar apenas uma carruagem, enquanto no meio tinha uma largura de 15 m.

Η τοποθεσία ήταν γνωστή ως Πύλαι ή Θερμοπύλαι ή Χύτροι, λόγω των θερμών θειούχων πηγών a|localização|era|conhecida|como|Pílai|ou|Termopílai|ou|Chýtroi|devido|às|quentes|sulfúreas|fontes The|location|was|known|as|Pylai|or|Thermopylae|or|Chytri|due to|the|hot||springs The location was known as Pylae or Thermopylae or Chytri, due to the hot sulfur springs A localização era conhecida como Pylai ou Termópilas ou Chitros, devido às fontes termais sulfurosas

που υπήρχαν στην περιοχή και χρησιμοποιούνταν ως ανοιχτά λουτρά. que|existiam|na|região|e|eram utilizadas|como|ao ar livre|banhos that|existed|in the|area|and|were used|as|open|baths that existed in the area and were used as open baths. que existiam na área e eram utilizadas como banhos abertos.

Η θέση ήταν καθοριστικής σημασίας για την άμυνα των ελληνικών πόλεων. a|posição|era|de crucial|importância|para|a|defesa|das|gregas|cidades The|position|was|crucial|importance|for|the|defense|of the|Greek|cities The site was crucial for the defense of the Greek cities. A posição era de importância crucial para a defesa das cidades gregas.

Από εδώ θα περνούσε σίγουρα ο Ξέρξης, εφόσον οι άλλες διαβάσεις ήταν δύσβατες. de|aqui|irá|passar|certamente|o|Xerxes|uma vez que|as|outras|passagens|eram|de difícil acesso From|here|would|pass|surely|the|Xerxes|since|the|other|crossings|were|difficult to pass Xerxes would definitely pass through here, since the other crossings were impassable. Daqui, certamente passaria Xerxes, uma vez que as outras passagens eram de difícil acesso.

Τα Στενά εμπόδιζαν την ανάπτυξη της χερσαίας δύναμης του εχθρού, os|Estreitos|impediam|o|desenvolvimento|da|terrestre|força|do|inimigo The|Straits|hindered|the|development|of the|land|forces|of the|enemy The Straits hindered the development of the enemy's land force, Os Estreitos impediam o desenvolvimento da força terrestre do inimigo,

ενώ ο μικρός πορθμός του Ευρίπου απέκλειε το ενδεχόμενο περικύκλωσης του ελληνικού στόλου. enquanto|o|pequeno|estreito|do|Euripo|excluía|a|possibilidade|cerco|da|grego|frota while|the|small|strait|of|Euripus|excluded|the|possibility|encirclement|of|Greek|fleet while the small strait of Euripus excluded the possibility of encircling the Greek fleet. enquanto o pequeno estreito do Euripo excluía a possibilidade de cerco da frota grega.

Επιπλέον, μπορούσε να αξιοποιηθεί η οχύρωση που είχαν κτίσει παλαιότερα οι Φωκείς ανατολικά του κεντρικού περάσματος των Θερμοπυλών. além disso|podia|a|ser aproveitada|a|fortificação|que|tinham|construído|anteriormente|os|Foceus|a leste|do|central|passagem|das|Termópilas Additionally|could|to|be utilized|the|fortification|that|had|built|earlier|the|Phocians|east of|the|central|passage|of the|Thermopylae Additionally, the fortifications built earlier by the Phocians east of the central pass of Thermopylae could be utilized. Além disso, poderia ser aproveitada a fortificação que os Focenses haviam construído anteriormente a leste da passagem central das Termópilas.

Αμυνόμενοι οι Έλληνες στα Στενά, θα είχαν τη δυνατότητα να εφαρμόσουν υποχωρητική στρατηγική και παράλληλα, defendendo-se|os|gregos|nos|Estreitos|verbo auxiliar futuro|teriam|a|possibilidade|a|aplicar|de recuo|estratégia|e|ao mesmo tempo Defending|the|Greeks|at the|Straits|would|have|the|ability|to|apply|retreating|strategy|and|simultaneously By defending in the Straits, the Greeks would have the opportunity to implement a retreat strategy and at the same time, Defendendo-se nos Estreitos, os gregos teriam a capacidade de aplicar uma estratégia de retirada e, ao mesmo tempo,

να καταπονούν τον εχθρό, να του επιφέρουν σοβαρές απώλειες, para|desgastar|o|inimigo|para|lhe|causar|sérias|perdas to|exhaust|the|enemy|to|to him|inflict|serious|losses to exhaust the enemy, to inflict serious losses on him, para desgastar o inimigo, causar-lhe perdas significativas,

να μειώσουν το ηθικό του και να παρατείνουν τον εγκλωβισμό του στη Μαλιακή πεδιάδα. para|reduzir|o|moral|dele|e|para|prolongar|o|cerco|dele|na|Maliana|planície to|lower|his|morale|him|and|to|prolong|his|entrapment|him|in|Malian|plain to lower his morale, and to prolong his entrapment in the Maliakos plain. reduzir seu moral e prolongar seu aprisionamento na planície de Maliana.

Ακριβείς πληροφορίες για τις επιχειρήσεις δεν γνωρίζουμε, καθώς δεν υπάρχει καταγραφή από σύγχρονους με τα γεγονότα συγγραφείς. precisas|informações|sobre|as|operações|não|sabemos|pois|não|há|registro|de|contemporâneos|com|os|eventos|escritores Accurate|information|about|the|businesses|not|we know|as|not|there is|record|by|contemporary|with|the|events|writers We do not know precise information about the operations, as there is no record from contemporary authors of the events. Não sabemos informações precisas sobre as operações, pois não há registro de autores contemporâneos aos eventos.

Μόνο ο Ηρόδοτος κατέγραψε τα γεγονότα της μάχης, αλλά περίπου μία γενεά αργότερα. apenas|o|Heródoto|registrou|os|eventos|da|batalha|mas|cerca|uma|geração|depois Only|the|Herodotus|recorded|the|events|of the|battle|but|about|one|generation|later Only Herodotus recorded the events of the battle, but about a generation later. Apenas Heródoto registrou os eventos da batalha, mas cerca de uma geração depois.

Το γενικότερο αμυντικό σχέδιο θα το γνώριζαν έτσι κι αλλιώς ελάχιστοι, και οι Σπαρτιάτες δεν μιλούσαν ποτέ για θέματα στρατηγικής. o|mais geral|defensivo|plano|irá|o|conheceriam|assim|e|de qualquer forma|poucos|e|os|espartanos|não|falavam|nunca|sobre|assuntos|estratégia The|general|defensive|plan|would|it|knew|anyway|and|otherwise|very few|and|the|Spartans|not|spoke|ever|about|matters|strategy The general defense plan would have been known to very few anyway, and the Spartans never spoke about strategic matters. O plano de defesa geral seria conhecido por muito poucos, e os espartanos nunca falavam sobre questões de estratégia.

Η αποστολή, όμως, είχε ως τελικό σκοπό να παρεμποδίσει τη δίοδο του περσικού στρατού. a|missão|porém|tinha|como|final|objetivo|de|impedir|a|passagem|do|persa|exército The|mission|however|had|as|final|goal|to|hinder|the|passage|of the|Persian|army The mission, however, had the ultimate goal of obstructing the passage of the Persian army. A missão, no entanto, tinha como objetivo final impedir a passagem do exército persa.

Ο ελληνικός στρατός τέθηκε υπό την αρχηγία του Λεωνίδα, βασιλιά της Σπάρτης, και έφθασε στις Θερμοπύλες στις αρχές του Αυγούστου. o|grego|exército|foi colocado|sob|a|liderança|de|Leônidas|rei|de|Esparta|e|chegou|às|Termópilas|em|início|de|agosto The|Greek|army|was placed|under|the|command|of|Leonidas|king|of|Sparta|and|arrived|at|Thermopylae|in|early|of|August The Greek army was placed under the command of Leonidas, king of Sparta, and arrived at Thermopylae in early August. O exército grego foi colocado sob o comando de Leônidas, rei de Esparta, e chegou às Termópilas no início de agosto.

Συνολικά συγκεντρώθηκε δύναμη περίπου 6.000 ανδρών. no total|foi reunido|força|cerca de|homens In total|gathered|force|approximately|men A total force of about 6,000 men was gathered. No total, foi reunido um contingente de cerca de 6.000 homens.

Τους αριθμούς μας δίνει και πάλι ο Ηρόδοτος. os|números|nossos|dá|e|novamente|o|Heródoto The|numbers|our|gives|and|again|the|Herodotus Herodotus gives us the numbers again. Heródoto nos dá novamente os números.

300 Σπαρτιάτες, 500 Τεγεάτες, 500 Μαντινείς, espartanos|tegeatas|mantineios Spartans|Tegeans|Mantineans 300 Spartans, 500 Tegeans, 500 Mantineans, 300 espartanos, 500 tegeatas, 500 mantinenses,

120 από τον Αρκαδικό Ορχομενό, 1000 από την Αρκαδία γενικότερα, 400 Κορίνθιοι, de|o|arcadiano|Orcomeno|de|a|Arcádia|em geral|coríntios from|the|Arcadian|Orchomenos|from|the|Arcadia|generally|Corinthians 120 del Arcadian Orchomenus, 1000 de Arcadia en general, 400 Corintios, 120 from Arcadian Orchomenus, 1000 from Arcadia in general, 400 Corinthians, 120 de Orcomeno Arcadiano, 1000 da Arcádia em geral, 400 coríntios,

200 από τον Φλιούντα, 80 από τις Μυκήνες, 700 Θεσπιείς, de|o|Flúndio|de|as|Micenas|tespeios from|the|Phlious|from|the|Mycenae|Thespians 200 from Phlius, 80 from Mycenae, 700 Thespians, 200 de Fliunte, 80 de Micenas, 700 tebanos,

400 Θηβαίοι, ολόκληρος ο στρατός των Οπουντίων Λοκρών και 1000 Φωκείς. tebanos|inteiro|o|exército|dos|opuntios|locros|e|focios Thebans|entire|the|army|of the|Opuntian|Locrians|and|Phocians 400 Thebans, the entire army of the Opuntian Locrians, and 1000 Phocians. 400 Tebanos, todo o exército dos Locros Opuntios e 1000 Focenses.

Οι περισσότεροι προέρχονταν από την Πελοπόννησο, παρ' όλα αυτά, η δύναμη που ο Λεωνίδας είχε στη διάθεσή του ήταν μόνο 300 άνδρες, os|mais|provinham|de|a|Peloponeso|apesar de|tudo|isso|a|força|que|o|Leônidas|tinha|à|disposição|dele|era|apenas|homens The|majority|came|from|the|Peloponnese|despite|all|this|the|force|that|the|Leonidas|had|at|disposal|his|was|only|men Die meisten von ihnen kamen vom Peloponnes, doch Leonidas hatte nur 300 Mann zur Verfügung, Most of them came from the Peloponnese, yet the force that Leonidas had at his disposal was only 300 men, A maioria vinha da Peloponeso, no entanto, a força que Leônidas tinha à sua disposição era apenas de 300 homens,

δηλαδή όσοι του επέτρεπε ο νόμος. ou seja|aqueles que|dele|permitia|a|lei that is|as many as|to him|were allowed|the|law that is, as many as the law allowed. ou seja, o máximo que a lei permitia.

Μάλιστα, όλοι επελέγησαν ανάμεσα σε πολίτες που είχαν γιους, ώστε να μη χαθεί η οικογένεια. de fato|todos|foram escolhidos|entre|a|cidadãos|que|tinham|filhos|para que|não|não|se perca|a|família Indeed|all|were selected|among|in|citizens|who|had|sons|so that|to|not|be lost|the|family In fact, all were chosen from among citizens who had sons, so that the family would not be lost. De fato, todos foram escolhidos entre cidadãos que tinham filhos, para que a família não se perdesse.

Υπό την αρχηγία του πήρε και τους Θηβαίους, επειδή υπήρχαν υπόνοιες ότι με την πρώτη ευκαιρία θα τάσσονταν με το μέρος των Περσών. sob|a|liderança|dele|ele pegou|e|os|tebanos|porque|havia|suspeitas|de que|com|a|primeira|oportunidade|irá|se alistariam|com|o|lado|dos|persas Under|the|leadership|of him|he took|and|the|Thebans|because|there were|suspicions|that|with|the|first|opportunity|would|align|with|the|side|of the|Persians Under his leadership, he also took the Thebans, as there were suspicions that at the first opportunity they would side with the Persians. Sob a liderança dele, também conquistou os tebanos, pois havia suspeitas de que, na primeira oportunidade, se colocariam ao lado dos persas.

Παράλληλα, 271 τριήρεις από τις οποίες οι 127 ήταν αθηναϊκές paralelamente|trirremes|de|as|quais|as|eram|atenienses Meanwhile|triremes|from|the|which|the|were|Athenian At the same time, 271 triremes, of which 127 were Athenian, Paralelamente, 271 trirremes, das quais 127 eram atenienses,

και 9 πεντηκόντοροι περίμεναν τον περσικό στόλο στο Αρτεμίσιο με σκοπό να τον αποκλείσουν στα στενά. e|pentecôntoros|esperavam|o|persa|frota|em|Artemísio|com|objetivo|de|a|bloquear|em|estreitos and|penteconters|waited|the|Persian|fleet|at|Artemisium|with|purpose|to|the|block|in the|straits and 9 penteconters were waiting for the Persian fleet at Artemisium with the aim of blocking them in the straits. e 9 penteconteros aguardavam a frota persa em Artemísio com o objetivo de bloqueá-la nos estreitos.

Ο Λεωνίδας αμέσως οργάνωσε την άμυνά του. o|Leônidas|imediatamente|organizou|a|defesa|dele The|Leonidas|immediately|organized|his|defense|his Leonidas immediately organized his defense. Leônidas imediatamente organizou sua defesa.

Επισκεύασε το τείχος και όταν πληροφορήθηκε ότι υπήρχε και άλλο πέρασμα, η Ανοπαία ατραπός, ele consertou|a|parede|e|quando|ele soube|que|havia|e|outra|passagem|a|Anopaia|atalho He repaired|the|wall|and|when|he learned|that|there was|and|another|passage|the|Anopaia|way He repaired the wall and when he learned that there was another passage, the Anopaia path, Reparou a muralha e quando soube que havia outra passagem, a Anopaia atrapos,

που οδηγούσε από το βουνό στα νώτα του στρατοπέδου του, έστειλε τους 1000 Φωκείς για τη φύλαξή του. que|levava|de|a|montanha|para as|costas|do|acampamento|dele|ele enviou|os|Focenses|para|a|guarda|dele who|was driving|from|the|mountain|to the|rear|his|camp|his|sent|the|Phocians|for|the|protection|his which led from the mountain to the rear of his camp, he sent 1000 Phocians to guard it. que levava da montanha para as costas do seu acampamento, enviou os 1000 Focenses para a sua guarda.

Στη συνέχεια, υπό την άμεση πια απειλή των Περσών, συγκάλεσε συμβούλιο. na|sequência|sob|a|imediata|já|ameaça|dos|persas|ele convocou|conselho In the|next|under|the|immediate|now|threat|of the|Persians|convened|council Then, under the immediate threat of the Persians, he convened a council. Em seguida, sob a imediata ameaça dos persas, convocou um conselho.

Οι Πελοποννήσιοι υποστήριξαν ότι έπρεπε να κατεβούν προς τα νότια και να φυλάξουν τον Ισθμό, os|peloponesios|eles sustentaram|que|deveriam|(partícula de infinitivo)|descer|para|o|sul|e|(partícula de infinitivo)|guardar|o|istmo The|Peloponnesians|argued|that|should|(particle for subjunctive)|descend|towards|the|south|and|(particle for subjunctive)|guard|the|Isthmus The Peloponnesians argued that they should move south and guard the Isthmus, Os peloponesíacos sustentaram que deveriam descer para o sul e guardar o Istmo,

αλλά οι Φωκείς και οι Λοκροί δυσαρεστήθηκαν, γιατί με αυτό τον τρόπο έμεναν ακάλυπτοι. mas|os|focenses|e|os|locros|ficaram descontentes|porque|com|isso|o|modo|ficavam|descobertos but|the|Phocians|and|the|Locrians|were displeased|because|in|this|the|way|remained|uncovered but the Phocians and Locrians were displeased, because in this way they remained unprotected. mas os Focenses e os Locros ficaram descontentes, porque dessa forma ficavam desprotegidos.

Ο Λεωνίδας ψήφισε υπέρ του να παραμείνουν και η απόφαση αυτή υιοθετήθηκε από όλους. o|Leônidas|votou|a favor|de que|que|permaneçam|e|a|decisão|esta|foi adotada|por|todos The|Leonidas|voted|in favor of|of|to|remain|and|the|decision|this|was adopted|by|everyone Leonidas voted in favor of staying, and this decision was adopted by all. Leônidas votou a favor de que permanecessem e essa decisão foi adotada por todos.

Ο Ξέρξης, εντωμεταξύ, είχε φτάσει πολύ κοντά στα Στενά. o|Xerxes|entretanto|tinha|chegado|muito|perto|dos|Estreitos The|Xerxes|meanwhile|had|arrived|very|close|to the|Hellespont Xerxes, meanwhile, had arrived very close to the Straits. Xerxes, por sua vez, havia chegado muito perto dos Estreitos.

Ο κατάσκοπος που έστειλε για να εξακριβώσει τη δύναμη των Ελλήνων είδε μόνο τους Λακεδαιμόνιους, που εκείνη τη μέρα είχαν στρατοπεδεύσει εκτός του τείχους. o|espião|que|enviou|para|que|verificar|a|força|dos|gregos|viu|apenas|os|espartanos|que|aquele|o|dia|tinham|acampado|fora|da|muralha The|spy|who|sent|to||ascertain|the|strength|of the|Greeks|saw|only|the|Spartans|who|that|the|day|had|encamped|outside|the|wall El espía que envió para comprobar el poder de los griegos sólo vio a los lacedemonios, que ese día habían acampado fuera de la muralla. The spy he sent to ascertain the strength of the Greeks saw only the Spartans, who that day had camped outside the wall. O espião que enviou para averiguar a força dos gregos viu apenas os espartanos, que naquele dia haviam acampado fora das muralhas.

Η περιγραφή του ξάφνιασε τον Ξέρξη. a|descrição|dele|surpreendeu|o|Xerxes The|description|of|surprised|the|Xerxes The description surprised Xerxes. A descrição surpreendeu Xerxes.

Οι λιγοστοί στρατιώτες γυμνάζονταν και φρόντιζαν τα μαλλιά τους. os|poucos|soldados|se exercitavam|e|cuidavam|os|cabelos|deles The|few|soldiers|exercised|and|took care of|the|hair|their The few soldiers were exercising and taking care of their hair. Os poucos soldados se exercitavam e cuidavam de seus cabelos.

Ο Δημάρατος, Σπαρτιάτης βασιλιάς που είχε αποστατήσει στους Πέρσες, o|Demarato|espartano|rei|que|tinha|desertado|para os|persas The|Demaratus|Spartan|king|who|had|defected|to the|Persians Demaratus, a Spartan king who had defected to the Persians, Demarato, o rei espartano que havia desertado para os persas,

εξήγησε πως αυτή ήταν η συνήθεια των Σπαρτιατών πριν από οποιαδήποτε σοβαρή μάχη. explicou|que|esta|era|a|costume|dos|espartanos|antes|de|qualquer|séria|batalha explained|how|it|was|the|custom|of the|Spartans|before|any|any|serious|battle explained that this was the custom of the Spartans before any serious battle. explicou que essa era a prática dos espartanos antes de qualquer batalha séria.

Εάν ο περσικός στρατός κατόρθωνε να ξεπεράσει το εμπόδιο των γενναίων Λακεδαιμονίων, τότε κανείς άλλος δεν θα του αντιστεκόταν. se|o|persa|exército|conseguisse|que|superasse|o|obstáculo|dos|valentes|espartanos|então|ninguém|outro|não|irá|lhe|resistiria If|the|Persian|army|succeeded|to|overcome|the|obstacle|of the|brave|Spartans|then|no one|other|not|would|to him| If the Persian army managed to overcome the obstacle of the brave Spartans, then no one else would resist them. Se o exército persa conseguisse superar o obstáculo dos valentes espartanos, então ninguém mais lhe resistiria.

Ο Ξέρξης επί τέσσερις ημέρες παρέμενε αδρανής, πιστεύοντας ότι οι Έλληνες θα αποχωρούσαν. o|Xerxes|por|quatro|dias|permanecia|inativo|acreditando|que|os|gregos|iriam|partir The|Xerxes|for|four|days|remained|inactive|believing|that|the|Greeks|would|withdraw Xerxes remained inactive for four days, believing that the Greeks would withdraw. Xerxes permaneceu inativo por quatro dias, acreditando que os gregos se retirariam.

Περίμενε, όμως, και την άφιξη του στόλου του που είχε υποστεί καταστροφές λόγω θαλασσοταραχής στις ακτές του Πηλίου. esperava|mas|e|a|chegada|de sua|frota|que||tinha|sofrido|danos|devido a|tempestade no mar|nas|costas|de|Pelion Wait|but|and|the|arrival|of the|fleet|his|that|had|suffered|damages|due to|storm|on the|shores|of the|Pelion However, he was also waiting for the arrival of his fleet, which had suffered damage due to a storm on the shores of Pelion. Ele, no entanto, aguardava também a chegada de sua frota, que havia sofrido danos devido a uma tempestade nas costas do Pílio.

Όταν, τελικά, έστειλε κήρυκες για να ζητήσει από τους Έλληνες να παραδοθούν, συνάντησε κατηγορηματική άρνηση, quando|finalmente|enviou|mensageiros|para|que|pedir|de|os|gregos|que|se rendam|encontrou|categórica|recusa When|finally|he sent|heralds|to|(particle for infinitive)|ask|from|the|Greeks|(particle for infinitive)|surrender|he encountered|categorical|denial When he finally sent heralds to ask the Greeks to surrender, he encountered a categorical refusal, Quando, finalmente, enviou mensageiros para pedir que os gregos se rendessem, encontrou uma recusa categórica,

και όπως μας παραδίδει ο Πλούταρχος, έλαβε από το Λεωνίδα την ιστορική απάντηση “μολών λαβέ”. e|como|nos|entrega|o|Plutarco|recebeu|de|o|Leônidas|a|histórica|resposta|vem|e pega and|as|us|delivers|the|Plutarch|received|from|the|Leonidas|the|historical|answer|come and take|take And as Plutarch tells us, he received the historical response 'molon labe' from Leonidas. E como nos relata Plutarco, recebeu de Leônidas a histórica resposta "molon labe".

Την πέμπτη ημέρα αποφάσισε να επιτεθεί, καθώς ο στρατός του έπρεπε να μετακινηθεί, προκειμένου να εξασφαλίσει τροφή. a|quinta|dia|decidiu|que|atacar|pois|o|exército|dele|precisava|que|se mover|a fim de|que|garantir|comida The|fifth|day|he decided|to|attack|as|the|army|his|had to|to|move|in order|to|secure|food On the fifth day, he decided to attack, as his army needed to move in order to secure food. No quinto dia, decidiu atacar, uma vez que seu exército precisava se mover para garantir alimento.

Θεωρώντας τους Έλληνες αναιδείς και απερίσκεπτους, έστειλε τους Μήδους και τους Κίσσιους considerando|os|gregos|insolentes|e|imprudentes|enviou|os|medos|e|os|quícios Considering|them|Greeks|impudent|and|reckless|he sent|the|Medes|and|the|Cissians Considering the Greeks impudent and reckless, he sent the Medes and the Cissians Considerando os gregos insolentes e imprudentes, enviou os medos e os quissios

με διαταγή να τους συλλάβουν και να τους φέρουν ζωντανούς. com|ordem|que|os|capturem|e|que|os|tragam|vivos with|order|to|them|arrest|and|to|them|bring|alive with orders to capture them and bring them alive. com a ordem de capturá-los e trazê-los vivos.

Η αντίσταση, όμως, που συνάντησαν ήταν σκληρή, και το ίδιο αναποτελεσματικοί ήταν και οι “αθάνατοι”, a|resistência|porém|que|encontraram|era|dura|e|a|mesmo|ineficazes|eram|e|os|imortais The|resistance|however|that|they encountered|was|tough|and|the|same|ineffective|were|and|the|immortals The resistance they encountered, however, was fierce, and the 'immortals' were just as ineffective, A resistência, no entanto, que encontraram foi dura, e os “imortais” também foram igualmente ineficazes,

που στάλθηκαν στη μάχη με αρχηγό το στρατηγό Υδάρνη. que|foram enviados|para a|batalha|com|chefe|o|general|Hidarnes who|were sent|to|battle|with|leader|the|general|Hydarnes who were sent into battle under the command of General Hydarnes. que foram enviados para a batalha sob o comando do general Hidárnis.

Ο χώρος ήταν πολύ στενός, η ατμόσφαιρα αποπνικτική λόγω των θερμών υδρατμών, και τα δόρατά τους μικρά, o|espaço|era|muito|estreito|a|atmosfera|sufocante|devido|aos|quentes|vapores|e|as|lanças|deles|pequenas The|space|was|very|narrow|The|atmosphere|suffocating|due to|the|warm|water vapor|and|the|spears|their|small The space was very narrow, the atmosphere suffocating due to the hot vapors, and their spears were small, O espaço era muito estreito, a atmosfera sufocante devido ao calor dos vapores, e suas lanças eram pequenas,

ενώ δεν μπορούσαν σε αυτές τις συνθήκες να αξιοποιήσουν τα περίφημα τόξα τους. enquanto|não|podiam|nessas|essas|as|condições|de|aproveitar|os|famosos|arcos|deles while|not|could|in|these|the|conditions|to|utilize|the|famous|bows|their while they could not utilize their famous bows under these conditions. enquanto não podiam, nessas condições, aproveitar seus famosos arcos.

Οι Λακεδαιμόνιοι, πιο έμπειροι σε τέτοιου είδους μάχη, προσποιήθηκαν ότι υποχωρούν. os|espartanos|mais|experientes|em|desse|tipo|batalha|fingiram|que|estão recuando The|Spartans|more|experienced|in|such|kind|battle|pretended|that|they retreat The Lacedaemonians, more experienced in this type of battle, pretended to retreat. Os espartanos, mais experientes em esse tipo de combate, fingiram que estavam recuando.

Οι Πέρσες υποχρεώθηκαν να τους καταδιώξουν και έτσι εγκλωβίστηκαν στο στενότερο σημείο του περάσματος os|persas|foram obrigados|a|os|perseguirem|e|assim|ficaram presos|no|mais estreito|ponto|da|passagem The|Persians|were forced|to|them|pursue|and|thus|were trapped|in the|narrowest|point|of the|passage The Persians were forced to pursue them and thus became trapped at the narrowest point of the pass. Os persas foram obrigados a persegui-los e assim ficaram presos no ponto mais estreito da passagem.

και συγκρούστηκαν με τους Σπαρτιάτες σώμα με σώμα. e|colidiram|com|os|espartanos|corpo|com|corpo and|clashed|with|the|Spartans|body|with|body They clashed with the Spartans hand to hand. E colidiram com os espartanos corpo a corpo.

Οι απώλειές τους ήταν μεγάλες και αναγκάστηκαν να αποσυρθούν το βράδυ. as|perdas|deles|foram|grandes|e|foram obrigados|a|se retirarem|a|noite The|losses|their|were|large|and|were forced|to|withdraw|the|night Their losses were great and they were forced to withdraw at night. As suas perdas foram grandes e foram forçados a se retirar à noite.

Μάλιστα, όπως χαρακτηριστικά αναφέρει ο Ηρόδοτος, ο Ξέρξης, ενώ παρακολουθούσε τη μάχη, de fato|como|caracteristicamente|menciona|o|Heródoto|o|Xerxes|enquanto|assistia|a|batalha Indeed|as|characteristically|mentions|the|Herodotus|the|Xerxes|while|was watching|the|battle Indeed, as Herodotus famously states, Xerxes, while watching the battle, De fato, como menciona caracteristicamente Heródoto, Xerxes, enquanto assistia à batalha,

τρεις φορές αναπήδησε από το θρόνο του επειδή φοβήθηκε για το στράτευμά του. três|vezes|pulou|de|o|trono|dele|porque|teve medo|por|o|exército| three|times|jumped|from|the|throne|his|because|feared|for|the|army|his jumped from his throne three times because he was afraid for his army. saltou três vezes de seu trono porque estava com medo de seu exército.

Τη δεύτερη ημέρα οι Πέρσες επανέλαβαν την επίθεση, αλλά και πάλι χωρίς αποτέλεσμα. no|segundo|dia|os|persas|repetiram|a|ataque|mas|e|novamente|sem|resultado The|second|day|the|Persians|repeated|the|attack|but|again|again|without|result On the second day, the Persians repeated the attack, but again without result. No segundo dia, os persas repetiram o ataque, mas novamente sem resultado.

Ο Ξέρξης ήταν πια σε αμηχανία, όταν παρουσιάστηκε ο Εφιάλτης, γιος του Ευρύδημου από τη Μαλίδα, o|Xerxes|estava|já|em|confusão|quando|apareceu|o|Efialtes|filho|de|Eurydemos|de|a|Malida The|Xerxes|was|now|in|embarrassment|when|appeared|the|Ephialtes|son|of|Eurydemos|from|the|Malida Xerxes was now in confusion when Ephialtes, son of Eurydemus from Malida, appeared, Xerxes já estava em apuros, quando apareceu Efialtes, filho de Eurídimo de Malida,

που του αποκάλυψε ότι η θέση των Λακεδαιμονίων ήταν προσπελάσιμη και από την Ανόπαια ατραπό. que|lhe|revelou|que|a|posição|dos|espartanos|era|acessível|e|por|a|Anópea|atalho that|to him|revealed|that|the|position|of the|Lacedaemonians|was|accessible|and|from|the|Anopaia|path who revealed to him that the position of the Lacedaemonians was accessible from the Anopaia path. que lhe revelou que a posição dos Lacedemônios era acessível também pela trilha de Anópaia.

Το ίδιο βράδυ ο Υδάρνης και οι “αθάνατοι” ξεκίνησαν την πορεία από το μονοπάτι με την καθοδήγηση του Εφιάλτη. a|mesma|noite|o|Hidarnes|e|os|imortais|começaram|a|jornada|por|o|caminho|com|a|orientação|de|Efialtes The|same|night|the|Hydarnes|and|the|immortals|started|the|march|from|the|path|with|the|guidance|of the|Ephialtes That same night, Hydarnes and the 'Immortals' began their march along the path guided by Ephialtes. Naquela mesma noite, Hydarnes e os “imortais” iniciaram a jornada pelo caminho sob a orientação de Efialtes.

Υπολόγιζαν ότι θα έφθαναν στα Στενά περίπου σε δεκαπέντε ώρες. calculavam|que|partícula de futuro|chegariam|aos|Estreitos|cerca de|em|quinze|horas They calculated|that|would|arrive|at|the Straits|approximately|in|fifteen|hours They estimated that they would reach the Pass in about fifteen hours. Eles calculavam que chegariam ao Estreito em cerca de quinze horas.

Το πυκνό δάσος με τις βελανιδιές και το σκοτάδι της νύχτας τους κάλυπταν o|denso|bosque|com|as|sobreiros|e|a|escuridão|da|noite|os|cobriam The|dense|forest|with|the|oaks|and|the|darkness|of|night|them|covered The dense forest of oaks and the darkness of the night covered them. A densa floresta de carvalhos e a escuridão da noite os cobriam.

και όταν έφτασαν στην κορυφή τα ξημερώματα, οι Φωκείς αιφνιδιάστηκαν και αποσύρθηκαν ακόμη ψηλότερα, e|quando|chegaram|ao|topo|as|manhãs|os|Focenses|foram pegos de surpresa|e|recuaram|ainda|mais alto and|when|they arrived|at the|summit|the|dawn|the|Phocians|were surprised|and|withdrew|even|higher And when they reached the summit in the early morning, the Phocians were taken by surprise and withdrew even higher, e quando chegaram ao topo de manhã, os Focenses foram pegos de surpresa e se retiraram ainda mais alto,

προκειμένου να σωθούν από τα περσικά βέλη. a fim de|de|serem salvos|de|as|persas|flechas in order|to|be saved|from|the|Persian|arrows in order to save themselves from the Persian arrows. para se salvarem das flechas persas.

Όταν ο Υδάρνης βεβαιώθηκε ότι δεν επρόκειτο για Σπαρτιάτες, quando|o|Idarnes|se certificou|de que|não|se tratava|de|espartanos When|the|Hydarnes|was assured|that|not|were|about|Spartans When Hydarnes was assured that they were not Spartans, Quando o Hidarnes se certificou de que não eram espartanos,

και επειδή ο κύριος στόχος του ήταν άλλος, άρχισε αμέσως την κατάβαση προς τα Στενά. e|porque|o|principal|objetivo|dele|era|outro|começou|imediatamente|a|descida|em direção a|os|Estreitos and|because|the|main|goal|his|was|different|began|immediately|the|descent|towards|the|Straits and since his main target was different, he immediately began the descent towards the Straits. e como seu principal objetivo era outro, começou imediatamente a descida em direção aos Estreitos.

Η στάση των Φωκέων θεωρείται από πολλούς ιστορικούς σήμερα μοιραία για την έκβαση της μάχης. a|postura|dos|Foceus|é considerada|por|muitos|historiadores|hoje|fatal|para|a|resultado|da|batalha The|stance|of|Phocians|is considered|by|many|historians|today|fatal|for|the|outcome|of the|battle The stance of the Phocians is considered by many historians today to be fatal for the outcome of the battle. A postura dos Foceus é considerada por muitos historiadores hoje como fatal para o desfecho da batalha.

Εάν, δηλαδή, είχαν αντισταθεί και δεν είχαν υπολογίσει μόνο τη δική τους σωτηρία, se|ou seja|tivessem|resistido|e|não|tivessem|calculado|apenas|a|própria|deles|salvação If|that is|they had|resisted|and|not|they had|calculated|only|their|own|their|salvation If, that is, they had resisted and had not only considered their own salvation, Se, ou seja, tivessem resistido e não tivessem apenas calculado a própria salvação,

ενδεχομένως να είχε αποφευχθεί η κύκλωση του Λεωνίδα. possivelmente|que|teria|sido evitada|a|cercamento|de|Leônidas possibly|(subjunctive particle)|had|been avoided|the|encirclement|of|Leonidas it is possible that the encirclement of Leonidas could have been avoided. provavelmente a cercadura de Leônidas poderia ter sido evitada.

Στο μεταξύ, στο στρατόπεδο των Λακεδαιμονίων έφθαναν τα άσχημα νέα. no|entre|no|acampamento|dos|espartanos|chegavam|as|ruins|notícias In|the meantime|at the|camp|of the|Spartans|arrived|the|bad|news Meanwhile, bad news was arriving at the camp of the Spartans. Enquanto isso, no acampamento dos espartanos chegavam as más notícias.

Πρώτος ο μάντης Μεγιστίας είδε το προηγούμενο βράδυ την επερχόμενη καταστροφή primeiro|o|manto|Megistias|viu|a|anterior|noite|a|iminente|destruição First|the|prophet|Megistias|saw|the|previous|night|the|impending|destruction First, the seer Megistias saw the impending destruction the previous night. Primeiro, o oráculo Megistias viu na noite anterior a destruição iminente.

και προειδοποίησε για θάνατο τα ξημερώματα ενώ μερικοί λιποτάκτες από το περσικό στράτευμα e|avisou|sobre|morte|as|manhãs|enquanto|alguns|desertores|do|o|persa|exército and|warned|about|death|the|early morning|while|some|deserters|from|the|Persian|army He warned of death at dawn while some deserters from the Persian army E alertou sobre a morte ao amanhecer, enquanto alguns desertores do exército persa

τους ενημέρωσαν τη νύχτα ότι οι Πέρσες θα τους κύκλωναν. os|informaram|a|noite|que|os|persas|irão|os|cercar them|informed|the|night|that|the|Persians|would|them|encircle informed them during the night that the Persians would encircle them. informaram-nos durante a noite que os persas os cercariam.

Ο Λεωνίδας, διαβλέποντας την καταστροφή, άφησε όλους τους συμμάχους να αποχωρήσουν. o|Leônidas|prevendo|a|destruição|deixou|todos|os|aliados|a|partir The|Leonidas|foreseeing|the|destruction|allowed|all|the|allies|to|withdraw Leonidas, foreseeing the destruction, allowed all the allies to withdraw. Leônidas, prevendo a destruição, permitiu que todos os aliados se retirassem.

Έμειναν μόνο οι 300 Σπαρτιάτες, οι 700 Θεσπιείς με αρχηγό τον Δημόφιλο ficaram|apenas|os|espartanos|os|tespeianos|com|chefe|o|Dêmofilo They remained|only|the|Spartans|the|Thespians|with|leader|the|Demophilus Only the 300 Spartans remained, the 700 Thespians led by Demophilus. Restaram apenas os 300 espartanos, os 700 tebanos liderados por Demófilo.

και οι 400 Θηβαίοι με αρχηγό τον Λεοντιάδη, ίσως παρά τη θέλησή τους. e|os|tebanos|com|chefe|o|Leônidas|talvez|apesar de|a|vontade|deles and|the|Thebans|with|leader|the|Leonidas|perhaps|against|the|will|their And the 400 Thebans led by Leonidas, perhaps against their will. E os 400 tebanos liderados por Leônidas, talvez contra a sua vontade.

Γνώριζαν ότι η φύλαξη των Στενών ήταν θέμα χρόνου, ωστόσο, μπορούσαν ακόμη να προστατεύσουν sabiam|que|a|guarda|dos|Estreitos|era|questão|de tempo|no entanto|podiam|ainda|de|proteger They knew|that|the|guarding|of the|Straits|was|matter|of time|however|they could|still|to|protect They knew that guarding the Pass was a matter of time, however, they could still protect Sabiam que a guarda dos Estreitos era uma questão de tempo, no entanto, ainda podiam proteger

την υποχώρηση των συμμάχων, αλλά και να προξενήσουν σημαντικές απώλειες στον εχθρό. a|retirada|dos|aliados|mas|e|de|causar|significativas|perdas|ao|inimigo the|retreat|of|allies|but|and|to|inflict|significant|losses|to the|enemy the retreat of the allies, but also inflict significant losses on the enemy. a retirada dos aliados, mas também causar perdas significativas ao inimigo.

Με την ανατολή ο Ξέρξης έκανε τις καθιερωμένες σπονδές, και γύρω στις 9.00- 10.00 άρχισε την επίθεση. com|a|alvorecer|o|Xerxes|fez|as|habituais|libações|e|cerca|às|começou|a|ataque At|the|dawn|the|Xerxes|made|the|customary|libations|and|around|at|began|the|attack At dawn, Xerxes made the customary libations, and around 9:00-10:00 he began the attack. Com o amanhecer, Xerxes fez os sacrifícios habituais e por volta das 9h00-10h00 começou o ataque.

Οι Έλληνες άλλαξαν τακτική. os|gregos|mudaram|tática The|Greeks|changed|tactic The Greeks changed their tactics. Os gregos mudaram de tática.

Βγήκαν στο πλατύτερο μέρος του περάσματος, παρατάχθηκαν πιο κοντά στους Πέρσες saíram|para o|mais amplo|lugar|do|estreito|se posicionaram|mais|perto|dos|persas They exited|to the|widest|part|of the|passage|they lined up|more|close|to the|Persians They moved to the wider part of the passage, positioned themselves closer to the Persians Saíram para a parte mais ampla da passagem, posicionaram-se mais perto dos persas.

και προετοιμάστηκαν για μάχη οπλιτική, με όλη τους τη δύναμη, με σκοπό να τους πλήξουν πριν από την άφιξη του Υδάρνη. e|se prepararam|para|batalha|hoplítica|com|toda|sua|a|força|com|objetivo|de|os|atingir|antes|da|a|chegada|do|Hydarnes and|prepared|for|battle|hoplite|with|all|their||strength|in order to|purpose|to|them|strike|before|of|the|arrival|of|Hydarnes and prepared for a hoplite battle, with all their strength, aiming to strike them before Hydarnes arrived. E se prepararam para a batalha hoplítica, com toda a sua força, com o objetivo de atingi-los antes da chegada de Hidarnes.

Κατά τη συμπλοκή πολλοί Πέρσες σκοτώθηκαν ή έπεσαν στη θάλασσα, durante|a|batalha|muitos|persas|foram mortos|ou|caíram|no|mar During|the|battle|many|Persians|were killed|or|fell|into|sea During the clash, many Persians were killed or fell into the sea, Durante o confronto, muitos persas foram mortos ou caíram no mar,

αλλά αυτή τη φορά είχαν και οι Έλληνες σημαντικές απώλειες. mas|esta|a|vez|tiveram|e|os|gregos|significativas|perdas but|this|the|time|had|and|the|Greeks|significant|losses but this time the Greeks also suffered significant losses. mas desta vez os gregos também tiveram perdas significativas.

Η πιο σοβαρή ήταν ο θάνατος του ίδιου του Λεωνίδα, πάνω από το σώμα του οποίου έγινε σφοδρή μάχη, a|mais|grave|foi|a|morte|de|próprio|de|Leônidas|sobre|de|o|corpo|de|do qual|ocorreu|intensa|luta The|most|serious|was|the|death|of|same|of|Leonidas|over|from|the|body|of|which|took place|fierce|battle The most serious was the death of Leonidas himself, over whose body a fierce battle took place, A mais grave foi a morte do próprio Leônidas, sobre o corpo do qual ocorreu uma intensa batalha,

στην οποία τελικά επικράτησαν οι Σπαρτιάτες. na|qual|finalmente|prevaleceram|os|espartanos in the|which|finally|prevailed|the|Spartans in which the Spartans ultimately prevailed. na qual os espartanos acabaram prevalecendo.

Όταν έφθασε ο Υδάρνης, η κατάσταση ανατράπηκε. quando|chegou|o|Idarnes|a|situação|virou de cabeça para baixo When|arrived|the|Hydarnes|the|situation|was overturned When Hydarnes arrived, the situation turned. Quando Hydarnes chegou, a situação se inverteu.

Οι Έλληνες υποχώρησαν προς το τείχος και από εκεί στο ύψωμα του Κολωνού, os|gregos|recuaram|em direção a|a|muralha|e|de|lá|na|elevação|do|Kolonos The|Greeks|retreated|towards|the|wall|and|from|there|to the|hill|of|Kolonos The Greeks retreated towards the wall and from there to the hill of Kolonos, Os gregos recuaram em direção à muralha e de lá para a elevação de Kolonos,

όπου, τελικά, κυκλώθηκαν από τους Πέρσες. onde|finalmente|foram cercados|por|os|persas where|finally|were surrounded|by|the|Persians where they were eventually surrounded by the Persians. onde, finalmente, foram cercados pelos persas.

Πολέμησαν γενναία, με τα σπαθιά ή με τα χέρια, όταν τα δόρατά τους έσπαζαν, lutaram|bravamente|com|as|espadas|ou|com|as|mãos|quando|os|lanças|deles|quebravam They fought|bravely|with|the|swords|or|with|the|hands|when|the|spears|their|broke They fought bravely, with swords or with their hands, when their spears broke, Lutaram bravamente, com espadas ou com as mãos, quando suas lanças quebravam,

σκοτώθηκαν όμως όλοι, από τα περσικά βέλη. morreram|porém|todos|por|as|persas|flechas were killed|but|everyone|by|the|Persian|arrows However, all were killed by the Persian arrows. mas todos foram mortos, pelas flechas persas.

Οι μόνοι που επέζησαν ήταν ορισμένοι Θηβαίοι, που τελικά παραδόθηκαν στους Πέρσες και στιγματίστηκαν ως δούλοι. os|únicos|que|sobreviveram|foram|alguns|tebanos|que|finalmente|se renderam|aos|persas|e|foram estigmatizados|como|escravos The|only|who|survived|were|certain|Thebans|who|eventually|surrendered|to the|Persians|and|were branded|as|slaves The only ones who survived were some Thebans, who eventually surrendered to the Persians and were branded as slaves. Os únicos que sobreviveram foram alguns tebanos, que acabaram se rendendo aos persas e foram marcados como escravos.

Το ίδιο βράδυ, ο ελληνικός στόλος υποχώρησε από το Αρτεμίσιο προς νότο. a|mesma|noite|a|grego|frota|recuou|de|o|Artemísio|para|sul The|same|night|the|Greek|fleet|retreated|from|the|Artemisium|towards|south That same night, the Greek fleet retreated from Artemisium to the south. Na mesma noite, a frota grega recuou de Artemísio para o sul.

Οι συνολικές απώλειες των Περσών ήταν μεγάλες. as|totais|perdas|dos|persas|foram|grandes The|total|losses|of|Persians|were|large The total losses of the Persians were significant. As perdas totais dos persas foram grandes.

20.000 νεκροί, ανάμεσα στους οποίους και δύο αδελφοί του Ξέρξη, γιοι του Δαρείου. mortos|entre|os|quais|e|dois|irmãos|de|Xerxes|filhos|de|Dario dead|among|to the|whom|and|two|brothers|of|Xerxes|sons|of|Darius 20,000 dead, among whom were two brothers of Xerxes, sons of Darius. 20.000 mortos, entre os quais dois irmãos de Xerxes, filhos de Dario.

Από τους Έλληνες που έλαβαν μέρος στην τελευταία μάχη δεν επέζησε σχεδόν κανείς. de|os|gregos|que|participaram|parte|na|última|batalha|não|sobreviveu|quase|ninguém From|the|Greeks|who|took|part|in the|last|battle|not|survived|almost|anyone Almost no Greeks who participated in the last battle survived. Dos gregos que participaram na última batalha, quase ninguém sobreviveu.

Οι νεκροί τάφηκαν εκεί όπου σκοτώθηκαν και στη μνήμη τους τοποθετήθηκε os|mortos|foram enterrados|lá|onde|foram mortos|e|na|memória|deles|foi colocado The|dead|were buried|there|where|were killed|and|in the|memory|them|was placed The dead were buried where they fell, and in their memory was placed Os mortos foram enterrados onde foram mortos e em sua memória foi colocado

από τους Αμφικτίονες λίθινο άγαλμα λιονταριού, το οποίο δε σώζεται σήμερα. por|os|Amfictiones|de pedra|estátua|de leão|a|qual|não|se preserva|hoje from|the|Amphictyons|stone|statue|of a lion|the|which|not|survives|today by the Amphictyons a stone statue of a lion, which no longer exists today. pelos Amfictyões uma estátua de leão de pedra, que não sobreviveu até hoje.

Στην ιστορία, όμως, έμειναν κυρίως οι 300 Σπαρτιάτες. na|história|porém|ficaram|principalmente|os|espartanos In the|history|however|remained|mainly|the|Spartans In history, however, mainly the 300 Spartans remained. Na história, no entanto, ficaram principalmente os 300 espartanos.

Ο Ηρόδοτος, μάλιστα, αναφέρει ότι γνώριζε και τα ονόματά τους, που αναγράφονταν σε μνημείο στη Σπάρτη. O|Heródoto|de fato|menciona|que|sabia|e|os|nomes|deles|que|estavam inscritos|em|monumento|em|Esparta The|Herodotus|indeed|states|that|knew|and|the|names|their|which|were inscribed|on|monument|in|Sparta Herodotus even mentions that he knew their names, which were inscribed on a monument in Sparta. Heródoto, aliás, menciona que conhecia até os seus nomes, que estavam inscritos em um monumento em Esparta.

Ανάμεσά τους διακρίθηκε ο Διηνέκης, ο οποίος, όταν πληροφορήθηκε ότι οι Πέρσες ήταν τόσοι πολλοί entre|eles|destacou-se|o|Dienekes|que|o qual|quando|soube|que|os|persas|eram|tantos|muitos Among|them|distinguished|the|Dienekes|who|who|when|learned|that|the|Persians|were|so|many Among them stood out Dienekes, who, when he learned that the Persians were so many Entre eles destacou-se Diênes, que, ao saber que os persas eram tantos

ώστε τα βέλη τους θα έκρυβαν τον ήλιο, είπε ότι αυτό τους εξυπηρετούσε, γιατί έτσι θα πολεμούσαν στη σκιά. que|as|flechas|deles|(partícula de futuro)|esconderiam|o|sol|disse|que|isso|lhes|servia|porque|assim|(partícula de futuro)|lutariam|em|sombra so|the|arrows|their|would|hide|the|sun|he said|that|this|them|served|because|thus|would|fight|in|shadow that their arrows would hide the sun, said that this was advantageous for them, because they would fight in the shade. que suas flechas esconderiam o sol, disse que isso os beneficiava, pois assim lutariam à sombra.

Ο Εφιάλτης, που ταύτισε το όνομά του με την έννοια της προδοσίας, κατέφυγε στη Θεσσαλία. o|Efiáltes|que|identificou|o|nome|dele|com|a|ideia|da|traição|refugiou-se|na|Tessália The|Ephialtes|who|identified|the|name|his|with|the|concept|of|betrayal|fled|to|Thessaly Ephialtes, who identified his name with the concept of betrayal, fled to Thessaly. O Efiáltes, que associou seu nome ao conceito de traição, refugiou-se na Tessália.

Η Αμφικτιονία στην Πυλαία τον επικήρυξε και τελικά τον σκότωσε κάποιος τρίτος λίγο αργότερα, για άλλο λόγο. a|Amfiktionía|na|Pilaia|ele|declarou|e|finalmente|ele|matou|alguém|terceiro|pouco|depois|por|outro|motivo The|Amphictyony|at the|Pylaea|him|put a price on his head|and|finally|him|killed|someone|third|a little|later|for|another|reason The Amphictyony at Pylai declared a bounty on him and eventually he was killed by a third party shortly after, for another reason. A Amfiktionia em Pilaia o declarou foragido e, finalmente, foi morto por alguém terceiro um pouco depois, por outro motivo.

Η κρίσιμη μάχη στις Θερμοπύλες κατέληξε σε ήττα των Ελλήνων. a|crucial|batalha|nas|Termópilas|terminou|em|derrota|dos|gregos The|critical|battle|at the|Thermopylae|ended|in|defeat|of the|Greeks The critical battle at Thermopylae ended in defeat for the Greeks. A batalha crucial nas Termópilas terminou em derrota para os gregos.

Άλλοι την αποδίδουν στην προδοσία του Εφιάλτη, άλλοι στην εγκατάλειψη της Ανοπαίας ατραπού από τους Φωκείς, outros|a|atribuem|à|traição|de|Efiáltes|outros|à|abandono|da|Anopaia|trilha|por|os|Focenses Others|it|attribute|to the|betrayal|of|Ephialtes|others|to the|abandonment|of the|Anopaia|path|by|the|Phocians Some attribute it to the betrayal of Ephialtes, others to the abandonment of the Anopaia path by the Phocians, Alguns atribuem isso à traição de Efiáltes, outros ao abandono da trilha Anopéia pelos Focenses,

άλλοι στη μικρή δύναμη που είχε ο Λεωνίδας στη διάθεσή του και στη γενικότερη πολιτική της Σπάρτης. outros|na|pequena|força|que|tinha|o|Leônidas|à|disposição|dele|e|na|geral|política|de|Esparta others|in|small|force|that|had|the|Leonidas|at|disposal|his|and|in|overall|policy|of|Sparta others in the small force that Leonidas had at his disposal and in the overall policy of Sparta. outros na pequena força que Leônidas tinha à sua disposição e na política geral de Esparta.

Η θυσία των 1000 περίπου ανδρών, όμως, έμεινε για πάντα στην Ιστορία a|sacrifício|de|aproximadamente|homens|porém|ficou|para|sempre|na|História The|sacrifice|of|approximately|men|however|remained|for|always|in the|History The sacrifice of about 1000 men, however, remained forever in History O sacrifício de cerca de 1000 homens, no entanto, ficou para sempre na História

ως η πιο χαρακτηριστική έκφραση της σπαρτιατικής ανδρείας. como|a|mais|característica|expressão|da|espartana|bravura as|the|most|characteristic|expression|of the|Spartan|bravery as the most characteristic expression of Spartan bravery. como a expressão mais característica da bravura espartana.

Ο Λεωνίδας κατόρθωσε να διαφυλάξει την τιμή και τη φήμη της Σπάρτης, αλλά και την υποχώρηση των συμμάχων του, o|Leônidas|conseguiu|a|preservar|a|honra|e|a|fama|de|Esparta|mas|e|a|retirada|de|aliados|dele The|Leonidas|succeeded|to|preserve|the|honor|and|the|reputation|of|Sparta|but|and|the|retreat|of the|allies|his Leonidas managed to preserve the honor and reputation of Sparta, as well as the retreat of his allies, Leônidas conseguiu preservar a honra e a fama de Esparta, mas também a retirada de seus aliados,

ενώ παράλληλα, καθυστέρησε σημαντικά την πορεία του Ξέρξη, προξένησε σοβαρές απώλειες στη δύναμή του enquanto|paralelamente|atrasou|significativamente|a|marcha|de|Xerxes|causou|sérias|perdas|em|poder|dele while|simultaneously|delayed|significantly|the|advance|of|Xerxes|caused|serious|losses|to the|army|of while at the same time, it significantly delayed Xerxes' advance, causing serious losses to his forces. enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, atrasou significativamente a marcha de Xerxes, causando sérias perdas em seu poder.

και τόνωσε το ηθικό των Ελλήνων, που τελικά τον κατατρόπωσαν e|fortaleceu|o|moral|dos|gregos|que|finalmente|o|derrotaram and|boosted|the|morale|of the|Greeks|who|finally|him|defeated and boosted the morale of the Greeks, who ultimately defeated him. E elevou o moral dos gregos, que finalmente o derrotaram.

κατά τη ναυμαχία της Σαλαμίνας, μόλις μερικές εβδομάδες αργότερα. durante|a|batalha naval|de|Salamina|apenas|algumas|semanas|depois during|the|naval battle|of|Salamis|just|a few|weeks|later during the naval battle of Salamis, just a few weeks later. na batalha naval de Salamina, apenas algumas semanas depois.