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A Study in Scarlet, PART I Chapter II

PART I Chapter II

CHAPTER II. THE SCIENCE OF DEDUCTION. WE met next day as he had arranged, and inspected the rooms at No. 221B, 5 Baker Street, of which he had spoken at our meeting. They consisted of a couple of comfortable bed-rooms and a single large airy sitting-room, cheerfully furnished, and illuminated by two broad windows. So desirable in every way were the apartments, and so moderate did the terms seem when divided between us, that the bargain was concluded upon the spot, and we at once entered into possession. That very evening I moved my things round from the hotel, and on the following morning Sherlock Holmes followed me with several boxes and portmanteaus. For a day or two we were busily employed in unpacking and laying out our property to the best advantage. That done, we gradually began to settle down and to accommodate ourselves to our new surroundings.

Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with. He was quiet in his ways, and his habits were regular. It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had invariably breakfasted and gone out before I rose in the morning. Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and occasionally in long walks, which appeared to take him into the lowest portions of the City. Nothing could exceed his energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night. On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.

As the weeks went by, my interest in him and my curiosity as to his aims in life, gradually deepened and increased. His very person and appearance were such as to strike the attention of the most casual observer. In height he was rather over six feet, and so excessively lean that he seemed to be considerably taller. His eyes were sharp and piercing, save during those intervals of torpor to which I have alluded; and his thin, hawk-like nose gave his whole expression an air of alertness and decision. His chin, too, had the prominence and squareness which mark the man of determination. His hands were invariably blotted with ink and stained with chemicals, yet he was possessed of extraordinary delicacy of touch, as I frequently had occasion to observe when I watched him manipulating his fragile philosophical instruments.

The reader may set me down as a hopeless busybody, when I confess how much this man stimulated my curiosity, and how often I endeavoured to break through the reticence which he showed on all that concerned himself. Before pronouncing judgment, however, be it remembered, how objectless was my life, and how little there was to engage my attention. My health forbade me from venturing out unless the weather was exceptionally genial, and I had no friends who would call upon me and break the monotony of my daily existence. Under these circumstances, I eagerly hailed the little mystery which hung around my companion, and spent much of my time in endeavouring to unravel it.

He was not studying medicine. He had himself, in reply to a question, confirmed Stamford's opinion upon that point. Neither did he appear to have pursued any course of reading which might fit him for a degree in science or any other recognized portal which would give him an entrance into the learned world. Yet his zeal for certain studies was remarkable, and within eccentric limits his knowledge was so extraordinarily ample and minute that his observations have fairly astounded me. Surely no man would work so hard or attain such precise information unless he had some definite end in view. Desultory readers are seldom remarkable for the exactness of their learning. No man burdens his mind with small matters unless he has some very good reason for doing so.

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar System. That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth travelled round the sun appeared to be to me such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it.

“You appear to be astonished,” he said, smiling at my expression of surprise. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it.”

“To forget it!”

“You see,” he explained, “I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things so that he has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it. Now the skilful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his brain-attic. He will have nothing but the tools which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order. It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”

“But the Solar System!” I protested.

“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently; “you say that we go round the sun. If we went round the moon it would not make a pennyworth of difference to me or to my work.”

I was on the point of asking him what that work might be, but something in his manner showed me that the question would be an unwelcome one. I pondered over our short conversation, however, and endeavoured to draw my deductions from it. He said that he would acquire no knowledge which did not bear upon his object. Therefore all the knowledge which he possessed was such as would be useful to him. I enumerated in my own mind all the various points upon which he had shown me that he was exceptionally well-informed. I even took a pencil and jotted them down. I could not help smiling at the document when I had completed it. It ran in this way—

SHERLOCK HOLMES—his limits.

1. Knowledge of Literature.—Nil. 2. Philosophy.—Nil. 3. Astronomy.—Nil. 4. Politics.—Feeble. 5. Botany.—Variable. Well up in belladonna, opium, and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening. 6. Geology.—Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them. 7. Chemistry.—Profound. 8. Anatomy.—Accurate, but unsystematic. 9. Sensational Literature.—Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century. 10. Plays the violin well. 11. Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman. 12. Has a good practical knowledge of British law.

When I had got so far in my list I threw it into the fire in despair. “If I can only find what the fellow is driving at by reconciling all these accomplishments, and discovering a calling which needs them all,” I said to myself, “I may as well give up the attempt at once.”

I see that I have alluded above to his powers upon the violin. These were very remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other accomplishments. That he could play pieces, and difficult pieces, I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of Mendelssohn's Lieder, and other favourites. When left to himself, however, he would seldom produce any music or attempt any recognized air. Leaning back in his arm-chair of an evening, he would close his eyes and scrape carelessly at the fiddle which was thrown across his knee. Sometimes the chords were sonorous and melancholy. Occasionally they were fantastic and cheerful. Clearly they reflected the thoughts which possessed him, but whether the music aided those thoughts, or whether the playing was simply the result of a whim or fancy was more than I could determine. I might have rebelled against these exasperating solos had it not been that he usually terminated them by playing in quick succession a whole series of my favourite airs as a slight compensation for the trial upon my patience.

During the first week or so we had no callers, and I had begun to think that my companion was as friendless a man as I was myself. Presently, however, I found that he had many acquaintances, and those in the most different classes of society. There was one little sallow rat-faced, dark-eyed fellow who was introduced to me as Mr. Lestrade, and who came three or four times in a single week. One morning a young girl called, fashionably dressed, and stayed for half an hour or more. The same afternoon brought a grey-headed, seedy visitor, looking like a Jew pedlar, who appeared to me to be much excited, and who was closely followed by a slip-shod elderly woman. On another occasion an old white-haired gentleman had an interview with my companion; and on another a railway porter in his velveteen uniform. When any of these nondescript individuals put in an appearance, Sherlock Holmes used to beg for the use of the sitting-room, and I would retire to my bed-room. He always apologized to me for putting me to this inconvenience. “I have to use this room as a place of business,” he said, “and these people are my clients.” Again I had an opportunity of asking him a point blank question, and again my delicacy prevented me from forcing another man to confide in me. I imagined at the time that he had some strong reason for not alluding to it, but he soon dispelled the idea by coming round to the subject of his own accord.

It was upon the 4th of March, as I have good reason to remember, that I rose somewhat earlier than usual, and found that Sherlock Holmes had not yet finished his breakfast. The landlady had become so accustomed to my late habits that my place had not been laid nor my coffee prepared. With the unreasonable petulance of mankind I rang the bell and gave a curt intimation that I was ready. Then I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.

Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life,” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deductions appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thoughts. Deceit, according to him, was an impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.

“From a drop of water,” said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can only be acquired by long and patient study nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. Before turning to those moral and mental aspects of the matter which present the greatest difficulties, let the enquirer begin by mastering more elementary problems. Let him, on meeting a fellow-mortal, learn at a glance to distinguish the history of the man, and the trade or profession to which he belongs. Puerile as such an exercise may seem, it sharpens the faculties of observation, and teaches one where to look and what to look for. By a man's finger nails, by his coat-sleeve, by his boot, by his trouser knees, by the callosities of his forefinger and thumb, by his expression, by his shirt cuffs—by each of these things a man's calling is plainly revealed. That all united should fail to enlighten the competent enquirer in any case is almost inconceivable.”

“What ineffable twaddle!” I cried, slapping the magazine down on the table, “I never read such rubbish in my life.”

“What is it?” asked Sherlock Holmes.

“Why, this article,” I said, pointing at it with my egg spoon as I sat down to my breakfast. “I see that you have read it since you have marked it. I don't deny that it is smartly written. It irritates me though. It is evidently the theory of some arm-chair lounger who evolves all these neat little paradoxes in the seclusion of his own study. It is not practical. I should like to see him clapped down in a third class carriage on the Underground, and asked to give the trades of all his fellow-travellers. I would lay a thousand to one against him.”

“You would lose your money,” Sherlock Holmes remarked calmly. “As for the article I wrote it myself.”

“You!”

“Yes, I have a turn both for observation and for deduction. The theories which I have expressed there, and which appear to you to be so chimerical are really extremely practical—so practical that I depend upon them for my bread and cheese.”

“And how?” I asked involuntarily.

“Well, I have a trade of my own. I suppose I am the only one in the world. I'm a consulting detective, if you can understand what that is. Here in London we have lots of Government detectives and lots of private ones. When these fellows are at fault they come to me, and I manage to put them on the right scent. They lay all the evidence before me, and I am generally able, by the help of my knowledge of the history of crime, to set them straight. There is a strong family resemblance about misdeeds, and if you have all the details of a thousand at your finger ends, it is odd if you can't unravel the thousand and first. Lestrade is a well-known detective. He got himself into a fog recently over a forgery case, and that was what brought him here.”

“And these other people?”

“They are mostly sent on by private inquiry agencies. They are all people who are in trouble about something, and want a little enlightening. I listen to their story, they listen to my comments, and then I pocket my fee.”

“But do you mean to say,” I said, “that without leaving your room you can unravel some knot which other men can make nothing of, although they have seen every detail for themselves?”

“Quite so. I have a kind of intuition that way. Now and again a case turns up which is a little more complex. Then I have to bustle about and see things with my own eyes. You see I have a lot of special knowledge which I apply to the problem, and which facilitates matters wonderfully. Those rules of deduction laid down in that article which aroused your scorn, are invaluable to me in practical work. Observation with me is second nature. You appeared to be surprised when I told you, on our first meeting, that you had come from Afghanistan.”

“You were told, no doubt.”

“Nothing of the sort. I knew you came from Afghanistan. From long habit the train of thoughts ran so swiftly through my mind, that I arrived at the conclusion without being conscious of intermediate steps. There were such steps, however. The train of reasoning ran, ‘Here is a gentleman of a medical type, but with the air of a military man. Clearly an army doctor, then. He has just come from the tropics, for his face is dark, and that is not the natural tint of his skin, for his wrists are fair. He has undergone hardship and sickness, as his haggard face says clearly. His left arm has been injured. He holds it in a stiff and unnatural manner. Where in the tropics could an English army doctor have seen much hardship and got his arm wounded? Clearly in Afghanistan.' The whole train of thought did not occupy a second. I then remarked that you came from Afghanistan, and you were astonished.”

“It is simple enough as you explain it,” I said, smiling. “You remind me of Edgar Allen Poe's Dupin. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of stories.”

Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe. “No doubt you think that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin,” he observed. “Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow. That trick of his of breaking in on his friends' thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour's silence is really very showy and superficial. He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine.”

“Have you read Gaboriau's works?” I asked. “Does Lecoq come up to your idea of a detective?”

Sherlock Holmes sniffed sardonically. “Lecoq was a miserable bungler,” he said, in an angry voice; “he had only one thing to recommend him, and that was his energy. That book made me positively ill. The question was how to identify an unknown prisoner. I could have done it in twenty-four hours. Lecoq took six months or so. It might be made a text-book for detectives to teach them what to avoid.”

I felt rather indignant at having two characters whom I had admired treated in this cavalier style. I walked over to the window, and stood looking out into the busy street. “This fellow may be very clever,” I said to myself, “but he is certainly very conceited.”

“There are no crimes and no criminals in these days,” he said, querulously. “What is the use of having brains in our profession. I know well that I have it in me to make my name famous. No man lives or has ever lived who has brought the same amount of study and of natural talent to the detection of crime which I have done. And what is the result? There is no crime to detect, or, at most, some bungling villainy with a motive so transparent that even a Scotland Yard official can see through it.”

I was still annoyed at his bumptious style of conversation. I thought it best to change the topic.

“I wonder what that fellow is looking for?” I asked, pointing to a stalwart, plainly-dressed individual who was walking slowly down the other side of the street, looking anxiously at the numbers. He had a large blue envelope in his hand, and was evidently the bearer of a message.

“You mean the retired sergeant of Marines,” said Sherlock Holmes.

“Brag and bounce!” thought I to myself. “He knows that I cannot verify his guess.”

The thought had hardly passed through my mind when the man whom we were watching caught sight of the number on our door, and ran rapidly across the roadway. We heard a loud knock, a deep voice below, and heavy steps ascending the stair.

“For Mr. Sherlock Holmes,” he said, stepping into the room and handing my friend the letter.

Here was an opportunity of taking the conceit out of him. He little thought of this when he made that random shot. “May I ask, my lad,” I said, in the blandest voice, “what your trade may be?”

“Commissionaire, sir,” he said, gruffly. “Uniform away for repairs.”

“And you were?” I asked, with a slightly malicious glance at my companion.

“A sergeant, sir, Royal Marine Light Infantry, sir. No answer? Right, sir.”

He clicked his heels together, raised his hand in a salute, and was gone.

PART I Chapter II ČÁST I Kapitola II TEIL I Kapitel II PARTE I Capítulo II PARTIE I Chapitre II 第一部 第二章 PARTE I Capítulo II ЧАСТЬ I Глава II BÖLÜM I Bölüm II ЧАСТИНА І Розділ ІІ 第一部分 第二章 第一部分 第二章

CHAPTER II. KAPITEL II. THE SCIENCE OF DEDUCTION. DIE WISSENSCHAFT DER ABSCHLÜSSE. WE met next day as he had arranged, and inspected the rooms at No. Wir trafen uns am nächsten Tag, wie er es verabredet hatte, und besichtigten die Zimmer Nr. Nos reunimos al día siguiente como él había acordado e inspeccionamos las habitaciones en el n. 221B, 5 Baker Street, of which he had spoken at our meeting. They consisted of a couple of comfortable bed-rooms and a single large airy sitting-room, cheerfully furnished, and illuminated by two broad windows. Skládaly se z několika pohodlných ložnic a jediného velkého vzdušného obývacího pokoje, vesele zařízeného a osvětleného dvěma širokými okny. Sie bestanden aus ein paar bequemen Schlafzimmern und einem einzigen großen luftigen Wohnzimmer, das fröhlich eingerichtet und von zwei breiten Fenstern beleuchtet wurde. So desirable in every way were the apartments, and so moderate did the terms seem when divided between us, that the bargain was concluded upon the spot, and we at once entered into possession. Die Wohnungen waren in jeder Hinsicht so begehrenswert, und die Bedingungen, die zwischen uns aufgeteilt wurden, schienen so bescheiden, dass der Handel auf der Stelle abgeschlossen und wir sofort in Besitz genommen wurden. Апартаменты были настолько желанны во всех отношениях, а условия, разделенные между нами, показались настолько умеренными, что сделка была заключена на месте, и мы сразу же вступили во владение. That very evening I moved my things round from the hotel, and on the following morning Sherlock Holmes followed me with several boxes and portmanteaus. Noch am selben Abend zog ich meine Sachen vom Hotel weg, und am nächsten Morgen folgte mir Sherlock Holmes mit mehreren Kisten und Koffern. For a day or two we were busily employed in unpacking and laying out our property to the best advantage. Ein oder zwei Tage lang waren wir damit beschäftigt, unser Eigentum auszupacken und optimal einzurichten. Bir ya da iki gün boyunca bavullarımızı boşaltmak ve mülkümüzü en iyi şekilde düzenlemekle meşgul olduk. That done, we gradually began to settle down and to accommodate ourselves to our new surroundings. Nachdem das erledigt war, begannen wir allmählich, uns niederzulassen und uns an unsere neue Umgebung anzupassen.

Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with. Mit Holmes zu leben war sicherlich kein schwieriger Mann. He was quiet in his ways, and his habits were regular. Er war ruhig in seiner Art und seine Gewohnheiten waren regelmäßig. It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had invariably breakfasted and gone out before I rose in the morning. Es kam selten vor, dass er nach zehn Uhr nachts wach war, und er hatte immer gefrühstückt und war ausgegangen, bevor ich morgens aufstand. Он редко вставал после десяти вечера, и он неизменно завтракал и уходил раньше, чем я вставал утром. Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and occasionally in long walks, which appeared to take him into the lowest portions of the City. Manchmal verbrachte er seinen Tag im chemischen Laboratorium, manchmal in den Seziersälen und gelegentlich auf langen Spaziergängen, die ihn in die untersten Teile der Stadt zu führen schienen. Иногда он проводил день в химической лаборатории, иногда в анатомических кабинетах, а иногда в долгих прогулках, которые, казалось, вели его в самые нижние части города. Nothing could exceed his energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night. Nichts konnte seine Energie übersteigen, wenn er im Arbeitsanfall war; aber hin und wieder packte ihn eine Reaktion, und er lag tagelang auf dem Sofa im Wohnzimmer, sprach von morgens bis abends kaum ein Wort oder bewegte einen Muskel. Nada podía exceder su energía cuando el ataque de trabajo se apoderaba de él; pero de vez en cuando una reacción se apoderaba de él, y durante días y días permanecía tumbado en el sofá del salón, sin apenas pronunciar una palabra ni mover un músculo de la mañana a la noche. Ничто не могло превзойти его энергию, когда он находился в рабочем состоянии; но время от времени его охватывала реакция, и он по несколько дней подряд лежал на диване в гостиной, не произнося ни слова и не двигая ни одним мускулом с утра до вечера. Çalışırken enerjisini hiçbir şey aşamazdı; ama ara sıra bir tepki onu ele geçirir ve günlerce oturma odasındaki kanepeye uzanır, sabahtan akşama kadar neredeyse tek bir kelime söylemez ya da tek bir kasını bile oynatmazdı. On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion. Bei diesen Gelegenheiten habe ich einen so verträumten, leeren Ausdruck in seinen Augen bemerkt, dass ich ihn der Betäubungsmittelsucht hätte verdächtigen können, wenn nicht die Mäßigung und Reinlichkeit seines ganzen Lebens eine solche Vorstellung verboten hätte. В этих случаях я замечал такое мечтательное, пустое выражение в его глазах, что я мог бы заподозрить его в пристрастии к употреблению какого-либо наркотика, если бы умеренность и чистота всей его жизни не запрещали такое представление.

As the weeks went by, my interest in him and my curiosity as to his aims in life, gradually deepened and increased. Im Laufe der Wochen wurde mein Interesse an ihm und meine Neugier auf seine Lebensziele allmählich tiefer und größer. Com o passar das semanas, meu interesse por ele e minha curiosidade sobre seus objetivos na vida foram se aprofundando e aumentando gradualmente. His very person and appearance were such as to strike the attention of the most casual observer. Seine Person und sein Aussehen waren so, dass er die Aufmerksamkeit des beiläufigsten Beobachters auf sich zog. Sua própria pessoa e aparência eram tais que chamavam a atenção do observador mais casual. In height he was rather over six feet, and so excessively lean that he seemed to be considerably taller. Von der Größe her war er etwas über 1,80 m groß und so übermäßig schlank, dass er erheblich größer zu sein schien. Em altura, ele tinha mais de um metro e oitenta e era tão excessivamente magro que parecia ser consideravelmente mais alto. His eyes were sharp and piercing, save during those intervals of torpor to which I have alluded; and his thin, hawk-like nose gave his whole expression an air of alertness and decision. Seine Augen waren scharf und durchdringend, außer in den Intervallen der Erstarrung, auf die ich angespielt habe; und seine dünne Habichtsnase verlieh seinem ganzen Gesichtsausdruck einen Hauch von Wachsamkeit und Entschlossenheit. Sus ojos eran agudos y penetrantes, salvo durante esos intervalos de letargo a los que he aludido; y su nariz fina, como la de un halcón, daba a toda su expresión un aire de alerta y decisión. Seus olhos eram afiados e penetrantes, exceto durante aqueles intervalos de torpor a que aludi; e seu nariz fino e de falcão dava a toda a sua expressão um ar de alerta e decisão. Sözünü ettiğim uyuşukluk dönemleri dışında gözleri keskin ve deliciydi; ince, şahine benzeyen burnu tüm ifadesine uyanıklık ve kararlılık havası veriyordu. His chin, too, had the prominence and squareness which mark the man of determination. Auch sein Kinn hatte die Prominenz und Geradlinigkeit, die den Mann der Entschlossenheit auszeichnen. Seu queixo também tinha a proeminência e a aprumos que marcam o homem determinado. His hands were invariably blotted with ink and stained with chemicals, yet he was possessed of extraordinary delicacy of touch, as I frequently had occasion to observe when I watched him manipulating his fragile philosophical instruments. Seine Hände waren ausnahmslos mit Tinte befleckt und mit Chemikalien befleckt, dennoch besaß er eine außerordentliche Feinheit in der Berührung, wie ich oft Gelegenheit hatte, zu beobachten, wie er seine zerbrechlichen philosophischen Instrumente manipulierte. Suas mãos estavam invariavelmente manchadas de tinta e manchadas de produtos químicos, mas ele possuía uma extraordinária delicadeza de toque, como frequentemente tive ocasião de observar quando o observava manipular seus frágeis instrumentos filosóficos.

The reader may set me down as a hopeless busybody, when I confess how much this man stimulated my curiosity, and how often I endeavoured to break through the reticence which he showed on all that concerned himself. Der Leser mag mich als hoffnungslosen Fleißigen hinstellen, wenn ich gestehe, wie sehr dieser Mann meine Neugier geweckt hat und wie oft ich mich bemühte, die Zurückhaltung zu durchbrechen, die er in allem, was ihn selbst betraf, an den Tag legte. El lector puede considerarme un entrometido desesperado, cuando confieso cuánto este hombre estimuló mi curiosidad, y cuán a menudo me esforcé por romper la reticencia que mostraba sobre todo lo que le concernía. O leitor pode me classificar como um intrometido desesperado, quando confesso o quanto esse homem estimulou minha curiosidade e quantas vezes me esforcei para romper a reticência que ele mostrava em tudo o que dizia respeito a si mesmo. Before pronouncing judgment, however, be it remembered, how objectless was my life, and how little there was to engage my attention. Bevor ich jedoch ein Urteil ausspreche, sei daran erinnert, wie gegenstandslos mein Leben war und wie wenig meine Aufmerksamkeit zu erregen war. Sin embargo, antes de emitir un juicio, hay que recordar lo carente de objeto que era mi vida y lo poco que atraía mi atención. Antes de pronunciar o julgamento, no entanto, lembre-se de quão sem objetivo era minha vida e quão pouco havia para atrair minha atenção. My health forbade me from venturing out unless the weather was exceptionally genial, and I had no friends who would call upon me and break the monotony of my daily existence. Meine Gesundheit verbot mir, mich zu wagen, es sei denn, das Wetter war außergewöhnlich freundlich, und ich hatte keine Freunde, die mich besuchen und die Eintönigkeit meines Alltags durchbrechen würden. Mi salud me impedía aventurarme a salir a menos que el clima fuera excepcionalmente favorable, y no tenía amigos que me visitaran y rompieran la monotonía de mi existencia diaria. Minha saúde me impedia de sair, a menos que o tempo estivesse excepcionalmente ameno, e eu não tinha amigos que me visitassem e quebrassem a monotonia de minha existência diária. Under these circumstances, I eagerly hailed the little mystery which hung around my companion, and spent much of my time in endeavouring to unravel it. Unter diesen Umständen begrüßte ich eifrig das kleine Geheimnis, das meinen Begleiter umgab, und verbrachte viel Zeit damit, es zu enträtseln. En estas circunstancias, alabé con entusiasmo el pequeño misterio que rondaba a mi compañero y dediqué gran parte de mi tiempo a tratar de desentrañarlo. Dans ces circonstances, je saluai avec empressement le petit mystère qui planait autour de mon compagnon, et passai une grande partie de mon temps à essayer de le démêler. Nessas circunstâncias, aclamei ansiosamente o pequeno mistério que pairava em torno de meu companheiro e gastei muito do meu tempo tentando desvendá-lo.

He was not studying medicine. He had himself, in reply to a question, confirmed Stamford's opinion upon that point. Er ließ sich auf eine Frage Stamfords Meinung in diesem Punkt selbst bestätigen. Él mismo, en respuesta a una pregunta, había confirmado la opinión de Stamford sobre ese punto. Ele próprio, em resposta a uma pergunta, confirmou a opinião de Stamford sobre esse ponto. Он сам, отвечая на вопрос, подтвердил мнение Стэмфорда по этому поводу. Neither did he appear to have pursued any course of reading which might fit him for a degree in science or any other recognized portal which would give him an entrance into the learned world. Er schien auch keine Lektüre eingeschlagen zu haben, die ihm für ein Studium der Naturwissenschaften oder ein anderes anerkanntes Portal, das ihm den Zugang zur gelehrten Welt verschaffte, geeignet wäre. Tampoco parecía haber seguido ningún curso de lectura que pudiera servirle para un título en ciencias o cualquier otro portal reconocido que le permitiera entrar en el mundo culto. Nem parecia ter seguido qualquer curso de leitura que pudesse prepará-lo para uma licenciatura em ciências ou qualquer outro portal reconhecido que lhe desse uma entrada no mundo erudito. Yet his zeal for certain studies was remarkable, and within eccentric limits his knowledge was so extraordinarily ample and minute that his observations have fairly astounded me. Dennoch war sein Eifer für gewisse Studien bemerkenswert, und innerhalb exzentrischer Grenzen war sein Wissen so außerordentlich umfangreich und genau, dass seine Beobachtungen mich ziemlich erstaunten. Sin embargo, su celo por ciertos estudios era notable y, dentro de límites excéntricos, su conocimiento era tan extraordinariamente amplio y minucioso que sus observaciones me han asombrado bastante. No entanto, seu zelo por certos estudos era notável e, dentro de limites excêntricos, seu conhecimento era tão extraordinariamente amplo e minucioso que suas observações me surpreenderam bastante. И все же его рвение к определенным исследованиям было замечательным, и в эксцентричных пределах его знания были настолько необычайно обширными и подробными, что его наблюдения меня изрядно поразили. Surely no man would work so hard or attain such precise information unless he had some definite end in view. Sicherlich würde kein Mensch so hart arbeiten oder so genaue Informationen erlangen, wenn er nicht ein bestimmtes Ziel vor Augen hatte. Seguramente ningún hombre trabajaría tan duro ni obtendría información tan precisa a menos que tuviera un fin definido a la vista. Certamente nenhum homem trabalharia tanto ou obteria informações tão precisas a menos que tivesse algum objetivo definido em vista. Несомненно, ни один человек не стал бы так усердно работать или получить такую точную информацию, если бы у него не была определенная цель. Desultory readers are seldom remarkable for the exactness of their learning. Unbekümmerte Leser sind selten bemerkenswert für die Genauigkeit ihres Lernens. Los lectores desganados rara vez son notables por la exactitud de su aprendizaje. Leitores inconstantes raramente são notáveis pela exatidão de seu aprendizado. Бессистемные читатели редко отличаются точностью своего обучения. No man burdens his mind with small matters unless he has some very good reason for doing so. Niemand belastet seinen Geist mit kleinen Dingen, es sei denn, er hat einen sehr guten Grund dafür. Ningún hombre abruma su mente con pequeños asuntos a menos que tenga una muy buena razón para hacerlo. Nenhum homem sobrecarrega sua mente com pequenas coisas, a menos que tenha alguma razão muito boa para fazê-lo.

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Seine Unwissenheit war ebenso bemerkenswert wie sein Wissen. Su ignorancia fue tan notable como su conocimiento. Sua ignorância era tão notável quanto seu conhecimento. Его невежество было столь же поразительно, как и его знания. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Von zeitgenössischer Literatur, Philosophie und Politik schien er so gut wie nichts zu wissen. De literatura, filosofía y política contemporáneas parecía no saber casi nada. De literatura, filosofia e política contemporâneas, ele parecia não saber quase nada. О современной литературе, философии и политике он, казалось, почти ничего не знал. Çağdaş edebiyat, felsefe ve siyaset hakkında neredeyse hiçbir şey bilmiyor gibiydi. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. Als ich Thomas Carlyle zitierte, erkundigte er sich auf naivste Weise, wer er sei und was er getan habe. Al citar a Thomas Carlyle, me preguntó de la manera más ingenua quién podría ser y qué había hecho. Ao citar Thomas Carlyle, ele perguntou da maneira mais ingênua quem poderia ser e o que havia feito. После того, как я процитировал Томаса Карлайла, он самым наивным образом поинтересовался, кем он мог быть и что он сделал. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar System. Meine Überraschung erreichte jedoch einen Höhepunkt, als ich zufällig feststellte, dass er die kopernikanische Theorie und den Aufbau des Sonnensystems nicht kannte. Mi sorpresa llegó a su punto culminante, sin embargo, cuando descubrí incidentalmente que ignoraba la teoría copernicana y la composición del Sistema Solar. Minha surpresa atingiu um clímax, porém, quando descobri incidentalmente que ele ignorava a Teoria Copérnica e a composição do Sistema Solar. That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth travelled round the sun appeared to be to me such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it. Dass kein zivilisierter Mensch in diesem neunzehnten Jahrhundert wissen sollte, dass die Erde um die Sonne gewandert ist, schien mir eine so außergewöhnliche Tatsache zu sein, dass ich es kaum erkennen konnte. Que cualquier ser humano civilizado de este siglo XIX no se diera cuenta de que la tierra giraba alrededor del sol me parecía un hecho tan extraordinario que apenas podía darme cuenta. Que qualquer ser humano civilizado deste século XIX não soubesse que a terra girava em torno do sol parecia-me um fato tão extraordinário que eu mal podia perceber.

“You appear to be astonished,” he said, smiling at my expression of surprise. „Sie scheinen erstaunt zu sein“, sagte er und lächelte über meinen überraschten Gesichtsausdruck. "Pareces estar asombrado", dijo, sonriendo ante mi expresión de sorpresa. "Você parece estar surpreso", disse ele, sorrindo para a minha expressão de surpresa. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it.” "Jetzt, wo ich es weiß, werde ich mein Bestes tun, um es zu vergessen." "Ahora que lo sé, haré todo lo posible por olvidarlo". “Agora que sei, farei o possível para esquecê-lo.” «Теперь, когда я это знаю, я сделаю все возможное, чтобы забыть об этом».

“To forget it!” "Um es zu vergessen!" “Para esquecer!”

“You see,” he explained, “I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose. „Siehst du“, erklärte er, „ich denke, das Gehirn eines Mannes ist ursprünglich wie ein kleiner leerer Dachboden, den man mit Möbeln ausstatten muss, die man will. “Verá”, explicó, “considero que el cerebro de un hombre originalmente es como un pequeño ático vacío, y hay que abastecerlo con los muebles que elija. “Você vê,” ele explicou, “eu considero que o cérebro de um homem originalmente é como um pequeno sótão vazio, e você tem que estocá-lo com a mobília que você escolher. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things so that he has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it. Ein Narr nimmt alles Bauholz aller Art auf, das ihm begegnet, so dass das Wissen, das ihm nützlich sein könnte, verdrängt oder bestenfalls mit vielem anderen vermischt wird, so dass es ihm schwerfällt, seine zu verlegen Hände drauf. Un tonto toma toda la madera de todo tipo que encuentra, de modo que el conocimiento que podría serle útil se desplaza, o en el mejor de los casos se mezcla con muchas otras cosas, de modo que tiene dificultades para poner su manos sobre él. Um tolo absorve toda a madeira de todo tipo que encontra, de modo que o conhecimento que pode ser útil para ele fica excluído ou, na melhor das hipóteses, misturado com muitas outras coisas, de modo que ele tem dificuldade em colocar seus mãos sobre ele. Глупец вбирает в себя все бревна всех видов, с которыми он сталкивается, так что знания, которые могут быть полезны для него, вытесняются или, в лучшем случае, смешиваются с множеством других вещей, так что ему трудно складывать свои руки на это. Bir aptal karşısına çıkan her türden keresteyi alır, böylece işine yarayabilecek bilgiler bir kenara itilir ya da en iyi ihtimalle başka pek çok şeyle karıştırılır, öyle ki bu bilgilere ulaşmakta güçlük çeker. Now the skilful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his brain-attic. Jetzt achtet der geschickte Arbeiter sehr genau darauf, was er auf seinen Dachboden nimmt. Ahora bien, el hábil obrero es muy cuidadoso en cuanto a lo que lleva al ático de su cerebro. Ora, o habilidoso operário é muito cuidadoso quanto ao que leva para o seu cérebro-sótão. He will have nothing but the tools which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order. Er wird nur die Werkzeuge haben, die ihm bei seiner Arbeit helfen können, aber davon hat er eine große Auswahl und alles in der besten Ordnung. No tendrá nada más que las herramientas que pueden ayudarlo a hacer su trabajo, pero de ellas tiene una gran variedad y todo en el orden más perfecto. Ele não terá nada além das ferramentas que podem ajudá-lo em seu trabalho, mas delas ele tem uma grande variedade, e todas na ordem mais perfeita. It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Es ist ein Irrtum zu glauben, dass dieser kleine Raum elastische Wände hat und sich beliebig ausdehnen kann. Es un error pensar que ese cuartito tiene paredes elásticas y puede dilatarse en cualquier medida. É um erro pensar que aquele quartinho tem paredes elásticas e pode se distender em qualquer extensão. Depend upon it there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. Verlassen Sie sich darauf, es kommt eine Zeit, in der Sie für jedes Hinzufügen von Wissen etwas vergessen, das Sie zuvor wussten. Confíe en ello, llega un momento en que por cada adición de conocimiento se olvida algo que ya sabía. Confie nisso, chegará um momento em que, para cada acréscimo de conhecimento, você esquecerá algo que sabia antes. Положитесь на это, наступает время, когда с каждым новым знанием вы забываете то, что знали раньше. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.” Es ist daher von größter Bedeutung, dass keine nutzlosen Fakten die nützlichen verdrängen.“ Es de suma importancia, por lo tanto, no dejar que los hechos inútiles sustituyan a los útiles ”. É da maior importância, portanto, não ter fatos inúteis eliminando os úteis.”

“But the Solar System!” I protested. “Mas o Sistema Solar!” Eu protestei.

“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently; “you say that we go round the sun. "Was zum Teufel geht mich das an?" unterbrach er ungeduldig; „Du sagst, dass wir um die Sonne gehen. "Que diabos é isso para mim?" ele interrompeu impacientemente; “você diz que damos a volta ao sol. If we went round the moon it would not make a pennyworth of difference to me or to my work.” Wenn wir um den Mond kämen, würde es weder für mich noch für meine Arbeit einen Unterschied machen.“ Se dermos a volta na lua, não faria um centavo de diferença para mim ou para o meu trabalho.”

I was on the point of asking him what that work might be, but something in his manner showed me that the question would be an unwelcome one. Ich war im Begriff, ihn zu fragen, was das für ein Werk sein könnte, aber etwas in seiner Art zeigte mir, dass die Frage nicht erwünscht sein würde. Estuve a punto de preguntarle cuál podría ser ese trabajo, pero algo en su manera me mostró que la pregunta sería desagradable. Eu estava a ponto de perguntar a ele que trabalho poderia ser, mas algo em seu jeito me mostrou que a pergunta não seria bem-vinda. I pondered over our short conversation, however, and endeavoured to draw my deductions from it. Sin embargo, medité sobre nuestra breve conversación y traté de sacar mis deducciones de ella. Eu ponderei sobre nossa curta conversa, no entanto, e me esforcei para tirar minhas deduções dela. He said that he would acquire no knowledge which did not bear upon his object. Er sagte, er würde sich keine Kenntnisse aneignen, die nicht seinen Zweck beträfen. Dijo que no adquiriría ningún conocimiento que no se relacionara con su objetivo. Ele disse que não adquiriria nenhum conhecimento que não se relacionasse com seu objetivo. Amacına dayanmayan hiçbir bilgiyi edinmeyeceğini söyledi. Therefore all the knowledge which he possessed was such as would be useful to him. Daher war alles Wissen, das er besaß, für ihn nützlich. Portanto, todo o conhecimento que ele possuía era tal que seria útil para ele. I enumerated in my own mind all the various points upon which he had shown me that he was exceptionally well-informed. Ich zählte in Gedanken all die verschiedenen Punkte auf, in denen er mir gezeigt hatte, dass er außergewöhnlich gut informiert war. Enumerei mentalmente todos os vários pontos sobre os quais ele me mostrou que estava excepcionalmente bem informado. Bana son derece bilgili olduğunu gösterdiği çeşitli noktaları kendi zihnimde sıraladım. I even took a pencil and jotted them down. Ich nahm sogar einen Bleistift und notierte sie. Até peguei um lápis e anotei. Hatta bir kalem alıp bunları not ettim. I could not help smiling at the document when I had completed it. Ich konnte mir ein Lächeln nicht verkneifen, als ich das Dokument fertiggestellt hatte. Não pude deixar de sorrir para o documento quando o terminei. It ran in this way— So lief es – Correu assim—

SHERLOCK HOLMES—his limits. SHERLOCK HOLMES – seine Grenzen. SHERLOCK HOLMES — seus limites.

1\\. Knowledge of Literature.—Nil. Kenntnis der Literatur.-Null. 2. 2. Philosophy.—Nil. Philosophie. - Null. 3. 3. Astronomy.—Nil. 4. Politics.—Feeble. Politik. - Schwach. 5. Botany.—Variable. Botanik. - Variabel. Well up in belladonna, opium, and poisons generally. Gut in Belladonna, Opium und Giften im Allgemeinen. Knows nothing of practical gardening. Weiß nichts von praktischer Gartenarbeit. 6. Geology.—Practical, but limited. Geologie.-Praktisch, aber begrenzt. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. Unterscheidet auf einen Blick verschiedene Böden voneinander. After walks has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them. Nach Spaziergängen hat er mir Spritzer auf seiner Hose gezeigt und mir anhand ihrer Farbe und Konsistenz verraten, in welchem Teil von London er sie erhalten hatte. 7. Chemistry.—Profound. Chemie. - Tiefgründig. 8. Anatomy.—Accurate, but unsystematic. Anatomie. - Genau, aber unsystematisch. 9. Sensational Literature.—Immense. Sensationelle Literatur. - Immens. Сенсационная литература - необъятная. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century. Er scheint jedes Detail jedes Horrors zu kennen, der in diesem Jahrhundert begangen wurde. 10. Plays the violin well. Spielt gut Geige. 11. 11. Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman. Ist ein erfahrener Singlestick-Spieler, Boxer und Schwertkämpfer. 12. Has a good practical knowledge of British law. Verfügt über gute praktische Kenntnisse des britischen Rechts.

When I had got so far in my list I threw it into the fire in despair. Als ich mit meiner Liste so weit gekommen war, warf ich sie verzweifelt ins Feuer. “If I can only find what the fellow is driving at by reconciling all these accomplishments, and discovering a calling which needs them all,” I said to myself, “I may as well give up the attempt at once.” „Wenn ich nur finden kann, was der Kerl vorhat, indem ich all diese Leistungen in Einklang bringe und eine Berufung entdecke, die sie alle braucht“, sagte ich mir, „kann ich den Versuch auch gleich aufgeben.“ "Si tan sólo puedo encontrar lo que el tipo pretende al conciliar todos estos logros, y descubrir una vocación que los necesite a todos", me dije, "bien podría abandonar el intento de una vez". «Если бы я только смог найти то, к чему стремится этот парень, примирив все эти достижения и обнаружив призвание, в котором они все нуждаются, - сказал я себе, - я могу сразу отказаться от попытки». Kendi kendime, "Bütün bu başarıları uzlaştırarak ve hepsine ihtiyaç duyan bir çağrı keşfederek adamın ne yapmaya çalıştığını bulabilirsem," dedim, "bu girişimden hemen vazgeçebilirim."

I see that I have alluded above to his powers upon the violin. Ich sehe, dass ich oben auf seine Kräfte auf der Geige angespielt habe. Yukarıda onun keman üzerindeki gücünden bahsettiğimi görüyorum. These were very remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other accomplishments. Diese waren sehr bemerkenswert, aber ebenso exzentrisch wie all seine anderen Leistungen. That he could play pieces, and difficult pieces, I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of Mendelssohn's Lieder, and other favourites. Dass er Stücke spielen kann, auch schwierige Stücke, das wusste ich gut, denn auf meine Bitte hin hat er mir einige Lieder von Mendelssohn und andere Lieblingslieder vorgespielt. When left to himself, however, he would seldom produce any music or attempt any recognized air. Wenn er jedoch sich selbst überlassen blieb, produzierte er selten Musik oder versuchte sich an einer anerkannten Luft. Однако, когда он предоставлен самому себе, он редко сочиняет музыку или пробует что-то узнаваемое. Leaning back in his arm-chair of an evening, he would close his eyes and scrape carelessly at the fiddle which was thrown across his knee. Er lehnte sich abends in seinem Lehnsessel zurück, schloss die Augen und kratzte nachlässig an der Geige, die ihm übers Knie geworfen wurde. Sometimes the chords were sonorous and melancholy. Manchmal waren die Akkorde sonor und melancholisch. Occasionally they were fantastic and cheerful. Gelegentlich waren sie fantastisch und fröhlich. Clearly they reflected the thoughts which possessed him, but whether the music aided those thoughts, or whether the playing was simply the result of a whim or fancy was more than I could determine. Offensichtlich spiegelten sie die Gedanken wider, die ihn beschäftigten, aber ob die Musik diese Gedanken unterstützte oder ob das Spiel einfach das Ergebnis einer Laune oder Einbildung war, konnte ich nicht feststellen. I might have rebelled against these exasperating solos had it not been that he usually terminated them by playing in quick succession a whole series of my favourite airs as a slight compensation for the trial upon my patience. Ich hätte gegen diese ärgerlichen Soli rebellieren können, wenn er sie nicht normalerweise beendet hätte, indem er in schneller Folge eine ganze Reihe meiner Lieblingslieder spielte, als kleiner Ausgleich für die Prüfung meiner Geduld. Podría haberme rebelado contra estos solos exasperantes si no hubiera sido porque solía terminarlos tocando en rápida sucesión toda una serie de mis aires favoritos como una ligera compensación por la prueba a mi paciencia. Я мог бы восстать против этих раздражающих соло, если бы он обычно не заканчивал их, сыграв в быстрой последовательности целую серию моих любимых песен в качестве небольшой компенсации за испытание моего терпения.

During the first week or so we had no callers, and I had begun to think that my companion was as friendless a man as I was myself. Während der ersten Woche oder so hatten wir keine Anrufer, und ich hatte angefangen zu denken, dass mein Begleiter ein ebenso freundloser Mann war wie ich selbst. В течение первой недели или около того у нас не было звонков, и я начал думать, что мой спутник был таким же лишенным друзей человеком, как и я. Presently, however, I found that he had many acquaintances, and those in the most different classes of society. Jetzt aber fand ich, dass er viele Bekannte hatte, und zwar aus den verschiedensten Gesellschaftsschichten. There was one little sallow rat-faced, dark-eyed fellow who was introduced to me as Mr. Lestrade, and who came three or four times in a single week. Es gab einen kleinen bleichen, rattengesichtigen, dunkeläugigen Burschen, der mir als Mr. Lestrade vorgestellt wurde und der drei- oder viermal in einer Woche kam. One morning a young girl called, fashionably dressed, and stayed for half an hour or more. The same afternoon brought a grey-headed, seedy visitor, looking like a Jew pedlar, who appeared to me to be much excited, and who was closely followed by a slip-shod elderly woman. Am selben Nachmittag kam ein grauhaariger, zwielichtiger Besucher, der wie ein jüdischer Hausierer aussah, der mir sehr aufgeregt vorkam und dicht gefolgt von einer schlampigen älteren Frau. On another occasion an old white-haired gentleman had an interview with my companion; and on another a railway porter in his velveteen uniform. Bei einer anderen Gelegenheit hatte ein alter weißhaariger Herr eine Unterredung mit meinem Begleiter; und auf einem anderen ein Eisenbahnträger in seiner samtenen Uniform. When any of these nondescript individuals put in an appearance, Sherlock Holmes used to beg for the use of the sitting-room, and I would retire to my bed-room. Wenn eine dieser unscheinbaren Personen auftauchte, bettelte Sherlock Holmes um die Nutzung des Wohnzimmers, und ich zog mich in mein Schlafzimmer zurück. He always apologized to me for putting me to this inconvenience. Er hat sich immer bei mir entschuldigt, dass er mir diese Unannehmlichkeiten bereitet hat. “I have to use this room as a place of business,” he said, “and these people are my clients.” Again I had an opportunity of asking him a point blank question, and again my delicacy prevented me from forcing another man to confide in me. „Ich muss diesen Raum als Geschäftssitz nutzen“, sagte er, „und diese Leute sind meine Kunden.“ Wieder hatte ich Gelegenheit, ihm eine offene Frage zu stellen, und wieder hinderte mich meine Feinheit daran, einen anderen Mann zu zwingen, sich mir anzuvertrauen. "Я вынужден использовать эту комнату как место для бизнеса, - сказал он, - а эти люди - мои клиенты". И снова у меня появилась возможность задать ему вопрос в лоб, и снова моя деликатность не позволила мне заставить другого человека довериться мне. I imagined at the time that he had some strong reason for not alluding to it, but he soon dispelled the idea by coming round to the subject of his own accord. Ich dachte mir damals, er hätte einen triftigen Grund, nicht darauf anzuspielen, aber er zerstreute die Idee bald, indem er aus eigenem Antrieb auf das Thema zukam. В то время я подумал, что у него были веские причины не упоминать об этом, но вскоре он развеял эту идею, перейдя к предмету по собственному желанию.

It was upon the 4th of March, as I have good reason to remember, that I rose somewhat earlier than usual, and found that Sherlock Holmes had not yet finished his breakfast. Es war am 4. März, woran ich mich gut erinnern kann, als ich etwas früher als gewöhnlich aufstand und feststellte, dass Sherlock Holmes sein Frühstück noch nicht beendet hatte. The landlady had become so accustomed to my late habits that my place had not been laid nor my coffee prepared. Die Wirtin hatte sich so sehr an meine späten Gewohnheiten gewöhnt, dass mein Platz weder gedeckt noch mein Kaffee zubereitet war. With the unreasonable petulance of mankind I rang the bell and gave a curt intimation that I was ready. Mit der unvernünftigen Gereiztheit der Menschheit läutete ich die Glocke und gab eine knappe Andeutung, dass ich bereit war. Then I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. Dann nahm ich eine Zeitschrift vom Tisch und versuchte, mir die Zeit damit zu vertreiben, während mein Begleiter stumm an seinem Toast kaute. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it. Einer der Artikel hatte eine Bleistiftmarkierung an der Überschrift, und ich begann natürlich, mit dem Auge hindurchzufahren.

Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life,” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. Sein etwas ehrgeiziger Titel war „Das Buch des Lebens“ und er versuchte zu zeigen, wie viel ein aufmerksamer Mensch lernen könnte, wenn er alles, was ihm in den Weg kam, genau und systematisch untersuchte. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. Es erschien mir als eine bemerkenswerte Mischung aus Klugheit und Absurdität. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deductions appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. Die Argumentation war nahe und intensiv, aber die Schlussfolgerungen erschienen mir weit hergeholt und übertrieben. Рассуждения были близкими и напряженными, но выводы показались мне надуманными и преувеличенными. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thoughts. Der Autor behauptete, durch einen flüchtigen Ausdruck, ein Muskelzucken oder einen Augenblick die innersten Gedanken eines Menschen zu ergründen. Писатель требовал мгновенного выражения лица, подергивания мускула или взгляда глаза, чтобы понять сокровенные мысли человека. Deceit, according to him, was an impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. Täuschung, so sagte er, war für einen, der auf Beobachtung und Analyse geschult war, eine Unmöglichkeit. По его словам, обман невозможен для человека, обученного наблюдению и анализу. Ona göre, gözlem ve analiz konusunda eğitimli biri için aldatma imkânsızdı. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. Seine Schlussfolgerungen waren ebenso unfehlbar wie so viele Aussagen von Euklid. Его выводы были такими же безошибочными, как и многие предложения Евклида. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. Его результаты были бы настолько поразительными для непосвященных, что, пока они не изучили процессы, с помощью которых он пришел к ним, они вполне могли бы считать его некромантом. Elde ettiği sonuçlar bilmeyenler için öylesine ürkütücü görünüyordu ki, bu sonuçlara nasıl ulaştığını öğrenene kadar onu bir büyücü olarak düşünebilirlerdi.

“From a drop of water,” said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other. „Aus einem Wassertropfen“, sagte der Autor, „könnte ein Logiker auf die Möglichkeit eines Atlantiks oder eines Niagara schließen, ohne das eine oder das andere gesehen oder gehört zu haben. "По капле воды, - пишет писатель, - логик может сделать вывод о возможности существования Атлантики или Ниагары, не видя и не слыша о той или другой. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Alles Leben ist also eine große Kette, deren Natur immer dann bekannt ist, wenn uns ein einziges Glied davon gezeigt wird. Таким образом, вся жизнь - это великая цепь, природа которой становится известна всякий раз, когда нам показывают хоть одно ее звено. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can only be acquired by long and patient study nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. Wie alle anderen Künste ist die Wissenschaft der Deduktion und Analyse eine, die nur durch langes und geduldiges Studium erworben werden kann, noch ist das Leben lang genug, um es jedem Sterblichen zu ermöglichen, die höchstmögliche Vollkommenheit darin zu erreichen. Как и все другие искусства, наука дедукции и анализа может быть приобретена только путем долгого и терпеливого изучения, а жизнь не является достаточно продолжительной, чтобы позволить любому смертному достичь в ней наивысшего возможного совершенства. Diğer tüm sanatlar gibi, Tümdengelim ve Analiz Bilimi de ancak uzun ve sabırlı bir çalışmayla elde edilebilecek bir bilimdir ve hayat herhangi bir ölümlünün bu bilimde mümkün olan en yüksek mükemmelliğe ulaşmasına izin verecek kadar uzun değildir. Before turning to those moral and mental aspects of the matter which present the greatest difficulties, let the enquirer begin by mastering more elementary problems. Bevor sich der Forscher jenen moralischen und mentalen Aspekten zuwendet, die die größten Schwierigkeiten bereiten, sollte der Forscher damit beginnen, elementarere Probleme zu meistern. Прежде чем перейти к тем моральным и психическим аспектам вопроса, которые представляют наибольшие трудности, пусть исследователь начнет с освоения более элементарных проблем. Let him, on meeting a fellow-mortal, learn at a glance to distinguish the history of the man, and the trade or profession to which he belongs. Er soll, wenn er einem Mitsterblichen begegnet, auf einen Blick lernen, die Geschichte des Mannes und den Beruf, dem er angehört, zu unterscheiden. Пусть он, встретив своего соотечественника, научится с первого взгляда различать историю человека, его профессию или род занятий. Puerile as such an exercise may seem, it sharpens the faculties of observation, and teaches one where to look and what to look for. So kindisch eine solche Übung erscheinen mag, sie schärft die Beobachtungsgabe und lehrt einen, wo man suchen und wonach man suchen soll. Как ни банально такое занятие, но оно обостряет наблюдательность, учит, где и что искать. By a man's finger nails, by his coat-sleeve, by his boot, by his trouser knees, by the callosities of his forefinger and thumb, by his expression, by his shirt cuffs—by each of these things a man's calling is plainly revealed. An den Fingernägeln eines Mannes, an seinem Mantelärmel, an seinen Stiefeln, an seinen Hosenknie, an der Schwielen seines Zeigefingers und Daumens, an seinem Gesichtsausdruck, an seinen Hemdmanschetten – an jedem dieser Dinge offenbart sich deutlich die Berufung eines Mannes . По ногтям человека, по рукаву пальто, по ботинку, по коленям брюк, по мозолям на указательном и большом пальцах, по выражению лица, по манжетам рубашки - по каждой из этих вещей ясно видно призвание человека. . That all united should fail to enlighten the competent enquirer in any case is almost inconceivable.” Dass alle vereint den kompetenten Fragesteller sowieso nicht aufklären, ist kaum vorstellbar.“ То, что все вместе, в любом случае, не может просветить компетентного исследователя, почти немыслимо ». Tüm bu birleşimin, her durumda yetkin bir araştırmacıyı aydınlatmada başarısız olması neredeyse düşünülemez."

“What ineffable twaddle!” I cried, slapping the magazine down on the table, “I never read such rubbish in my life.” „Was für ein unbeschreibliches Geschwafel!“ Ich weinte und klatschte die Zeitschrift auf den Tisch. "Ich habe noch nie in meinem Leben so einen Mist gelesen." "Какая невыразимая чушь!" воскликнул я, шлепнув журнал на стол, - "Я в жизни не читал такой ерунды".

“What is it?” asked Sherlock Holmes. "Was ist es?" fragte Sherlock Holmes.

“Why, this article,” I said, pointing at it with my egg spoon as I sat down to my breakfast. „Nun, dieser Artikel“, sagte ich und deutete mit meinem Eierlöffel darauf, während ich mich zu meinem Frühstück setzte. “I see that you have read it since you have marked it. „Wie ich sehe, hast du es gelesen, seit du es markiert hast. I don't deny that it is smartly written. Ich bestreite nicht, dass es klug geschrieben ist. It irritates me though. Es irritiert mich aber. It is evidently the theory of some arm-chair lounger who evolves all these neat little paradoxes in the seclusion of his own study. Es ist offensichtlich die Theorie eines Sessels, der all diese hübschen kleinen Paradoxe in der Abgeschiedenheit seines eigenen Arbeitszimmers entwickelt. Очевидно, это теория какого-то любителя посидеть в кресле, который в уединении собственного кабинета разрабатывает все эти маленькие аккуратные парадоксы. It is not practical. Es ist nicht praktikabel. I should like to see him clapped down in a third class carriage on the Underground, and asked to give the trades of all his fellow-travellers. Ich würde ihn gerne sehen, wie er in einem Wagen dritter Klasse in der U-Bahn niedergefahren ist und gebeten wird, die Berufe aller seiner Mitreisenden anzugeben. Me gustaría verle sentado en un vagón de tercera clase del metro y pedirle que dijera el nombre de todos sus compañeros de viaje. Я бы хотел увидеть, как его хлопают в вагоне третьего класса в метро и просят отдать профессии всех его попутчиков. I would lay a thousand to one against him.” Ich würde tausend zu eins gegen ihn aussprechen.“ Я бы поставил против него тысячу к одному". Ona karşı binde bir bahse girerim."

“You would lose your money,” Sherlock Holmes remarked calmly. „Du würdest dein Geld verlieren“, bemerkte Sherlock Holmes ruhig. “As for the article I wrote it myself.” "Was den Artikel angeht, habe ich ihn selbst geschrieben."

“You!” "Sie!"

“Yes, I have a turn both for observation and for deduction. «Да, у меня есть черед и для наблюдения, и для дедукции. The theories which I have expressed there, and which appear to you to be so chimerical are really extremely practical—so practical that I depend upon them for my bread and cheese.” Die Theorien, die ich dort formuliert habe und die Ihnen so chimär erscheinen, sind wirklich äußerst praktisch – so praktisch, dass ich für mein Brot und meinen Käse auf sie angewiesen bin.“ Теории, которые я там изложил и которые кажутся вам такими химерическими, на самом деле чрезвычайно практичны - настолько практичны, что я полагаюсь на них, чтобы получить хлеб и сыр".

“And how?” I asked involuntarily. "Und wie?" fragte ich unfreiwillig.

“Well, I have a trade of my own. „Nun, ich habe einen eigenen Beruf. «Что ж, у меня есть собственная профессия. I suppose I am the only one in the world. Ich nehme an, ich bin der einzige auf der Welt. I'm a consulting detective, if you can understand what that is. Here in London we have lots of Government detectives and lots of private ones. Hier in London haben wir viele Regierungsdetektive und viele Privatdetektive. When these fellows are at fault they come to me, and I manage to put them on the right scent. Когда эти ребята виноваты, они приходят ко мне, и мне удается вывести их на правильный след. They lay all the evidence before me, and I am generally able, by the help of my knowledge of the history of crime, to set them straight. Они предъявляют мне все доказательства, и я, как правило, могу, опираясь на знание истории преступлений, поставить их на место. There is a strong family resemblance about misdeeds, and if you have all the details of a thousand at your finger ends, it is odd if you can't unravel the thousand and first. Es gibt eine starke Familienähnlichkeit in Bezug auf Missetaten, und wenn Sie alle Details von Tausend an den Fingerspitzen haben, ist es seltsam, wenn Sie die Tausend und Erste nicht entwirren können. В отношении проступков существует сильное семейное сходство, и если у вас есть все подробности о тысяче на кончиках пальцев, будет странно, если вы не можете распутать тысячу первую. Lestrade is a well-known detective. He got himself into a fog recently over a forgery case, and that was what brought him here.” Vor kurzem geriet er wegen eines Fälschungsfalls in Nebel, und das hat ihn hierher geführt.“ Недавно он напустил на себя туману из-за дела о подделке документов, и это привело его сюда".

“And these other people?”

“They are mostly sent on by private inquiry agencies. "В основном их присылают частные сыскные агентства. They are all people who are in trouble about something, and want a little enlightening. Все они - люди, которых что-то беспокоит, и они хотят немного просветиться. I listen to their story, they listen to my comments, and then I pocket my fee.”

“But do you mean to say,” I said, “that without leaving your room you can unravel some knot which other men can make nothing of, although they have seen every detail for themselves?” "Aber wollen Sie damit sagen", sagte ich, "dass Sie, ohne Ihr Zimmer zu verlassen, einen Knoten auflösen können, von dem andere Männer nichts wissen, obwohl sie jedes Detail selbst gesehen haben?" "Но неужели вы хотите сказать, - спросил я, - что, не выходя из своей комнаты, вы можете распутать какой-то узел, о котором другие люди ничего не могут сказать, хотя сами видели все детали?"

“Quite so. „Ganz recht. I have a kind of intuition that way. Ich habe so eine Art Intuition. Now and again a case turns up which is a little more complex. Hin und wieder taucht ein etwas komplexerer Fall auf. Время от времени всплывают несколько более сложные случаи. Then I have to bustle about and see things with my own eyes. Dann muss ich mich tummeln und die Dinge mit eigenen Augen sehen. You see I have a lot of special knowledge which I apply to the problem, and which facilitates matters wonderfully. Sie sehen, ich habe viele Spezialkenntnisse, die ich auf das Problem anwende und die Dinge wunderbar erleichtern. Those rules of deduction laid down in that article which aroused your scorn, are invaluable to me in practical work. Diese Schlußregeln, die in jenem Artikel niedergelegt sind, der Ihren Hohn erregt hat, sind für mich in der praktischen Arbeit von unschätzbarem Wert. Observation with me is second nature. Beobachtung ist bei mir meine zweite Natur. You appeared to be surprised when I told you, on our first meeting, that you had come from Afghanistan.” Sie schienen überrascht zu sein, als ich Ihnen bei unserem ersten Treffen sagte, dass Sie aus Afghanistan kommen.“

“You were told, no doubt.” „Es wurde Ihnen zweifellos gesagt.“

“Nothing of the sort. "Nichts der gleichen. "Ничего подобного. I knew you came from Afghanistan. Ich wusste, dass Sie aus Afghanistan kommen. From long habit the train of thoughts ran so swiftly through my mind, that I arrived at the conclusion without being conscious of intermediate steps. Aus langer Gewohnheit lief mir der Gedankengang so schnell durch den Kopf, dass ich zum Schluss kam, ohne mir Zwischenschritte bewusst zu machen. С непривычки шлейф мыслей так быстро пронесся в голове, что я пришел к выводу, не осознавая промежуточных шагов. There were such steps, however. Es gab jedoch solche Schritte. The train of reasoning ran, ‘Here is a gentleman of a medical type, but with the air of a military man. Die Argumentation lautete: „Hier ist ein Gentleman von medizinischem Typ, aber mit der Miene eines Militärs. Рассуждения были такими: "Вот джентльмен медицинского типа, но с внешностью военного. Clearly an army doctor, then. Also eindeutig ein Militärarzt. He has just come from the tropics, for his face is dark, and that is not the natural tint of his skin, for his wrists are fair. Er kommt gerade aus den Tropen, denn sein Gesicht ist dunkel, und das ist nicht die natürliche Tönung seiner Haut, denn seine Handgelenke sind hell. Он только что приехал из тропиков, так как его лицо смуглое, и это не естественный оттенок его кожи, так как запястья у него светлые. He has undergone hardship and sickness, as his haggard face says clearly. Er hat Mühsal und Krankheit durchgemacht, wie sein hageres Gesicht deutlich sagt. На его долю выпали лишения и болезни, о чем ясно говорит его изможденное лицо. His left arm has been injured. Sein linker Arm ist verletzt. He holds it in a stiff and unnatural manner. Er hält es steif und unnatürlich. Where in the tropics could an English army doctor have seen much hardship and got his arm wounded? Wo in den Tropen hätte ein englischer Armeearzt viel Elend sehen und sich am Arm verwundet haben können? Где в тропиках английский армейский врач мог увидеть много трудностей и получить ранение руки? Clearly in Afghanistan.' Eindeutig in Afghanistan.“ The whole train of thought did not occupy a second. Der ganze Gedankengang dauerte keine Sekunde. Весь ход мыслей не занял ни секунды. I then remarked that you came from Afghanistan, and you were astonished.” Ich habe dann bemerkt, dass Sie aus Afghanistan kommen, und Sie waren erstaunt.“ Я тогда заметил, что вы приехали из Афганистана, и вы были поражены".

“It is simple enough as you explain it,” I said, smiling. „Es ist ganz einfach, wie du es erklärst“, sagte ich lächelnd. "Все достаточно просто, как вы объясняете", - сказал я, улыбаясь. “You remind me of Edgar Allen Poe's Dupin. „Sie erinnern mich an Edgar Allen Poes Dupin. «Вы напоминаете мне Дюпена Эдгара Аллена По. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of stories.” Ich hatte keine Ahnung, dass solche Personen außerhalb von Geschichten existieren.“ Я даже не представлял, что такие люди существуют за пределами истории".

Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe. Sherlock Holmes erhob sich und zündete seine Pfeife an. Шерлок Холмс встал и раскурил трубку. “No doubt you think that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin,” he observed. "Несомненно, вы думаете, что делаете мне комплимент, сравнивая меня с Дюпеном", - заметил он. “Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow. "На мой взгляд, Дюпен был очень неполноценным человеком. That trick of his of breaking in on his friends' thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour's silence is really very showy and superficial. Dieser Trick von ihm, nach einer Viertelstunde Schweigen mit einer aproposen Bemerkung in die Gedanken seiner Freunde einzudringen, ist wirklich sehr protzig und oberflächlich. Его уловка, заключающаяся в том, чтобы после четверти часа молчания вмешиваться в мысли своих друзей подходящим замечанием, на самом деле очень эффектна и поверхностна. He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine.” Несомненно, у него был аналитический гений; но он ни в коем случае не был таким явлением, как казалось По ».

“Have you read Gaboriau's works?” I asked. “Does Lecoq come up to your idea of a detective?” «Лекок подходит к твоему представлению о детективе?»

Sherlock Holmes sniffed sardonically. Sherlock Holmes schnaubte süffisant. Шерлок Холмс сардонически фыркнул. “Lecoq was a miserable bungler,” he said, in an angry voice; “he had only one thing to recommend him, and that was his energy. «Лекок был жалким работником», - сказал он сердитым голосом; «У него было только одно, что он мог порекомендовать ему, и это была его энергия. That book made me positively ill. The question was how to identify an unknown prisoner. Вопрос заключался в том, как установить личность неизвестного заключенного. I could have done it in twenty-four hours. Я мог бы сделать это за двадцать четыре часа. Lecoq took six months or so. It might be made a text-book for detectives to teach them what to avoid.”

I felt rather indignant at having two characters whom I had admired treated in this cavalier style. Ich war ziemlich empört darüber, dass zwei Charaktere, die ich bewundert hatte, in diesem unbekümmerten Stil behandelt wurden. Я был весьма возмущен тем, что два персонажа, которыми я восхищался, обращались в этом кавалерском стиле. I walked over to the window, and stood looking out into the busy street. Ich ging zum Fenster und blickte auf die belebte Straße hinaus. “This fellow may be very clever,” I said to myself, “but he is certainly very conceited.” „Dieser Bursche mag sehr klug sein“, sagte ich mir, „aber er ist gewiss sehr eingebildet.“

“There are no crimes and no criminals in these days,” he said, querulously. »Heutzutage gibt es keine Verbrechen und keine Kriminellen«, sagte er mürrisch. “What is the use of having brains in our profession. „Was nützt es, in unserem Beruf Köpfchen zu haben. I know well that I have it in me to make my name famous. Ich weiß genau, dass ich es in mir habe, meinen Namen berühmt zu machen. Я хорошо знаю, что во мне есть желание сделать свое имя известным. No man lives or has ever lived who has brought the same amount of study and of natural talent to the detection of crime which I have done. Kein Mensch lebt oder hat jemals gelebt, der die gleiche Menge an Studien und natürlichem Talent zur Aufdeckung von Verbrechen gebracht hat wie ich. And what is the result? There is no crime to detect, or, at most, some bungling villainy with a motive so transparent that even a Scotland Yard official can see through it.” Es gibt kein Verbrechen zu entdecken, oder höchstens irgendeinen verpfuschten Schurken mit einem so durchsichtigen Motiv, dass sogar ein Beamter von Scotland Yard es durchschauen kann.“

I was still annoyed at his bumptious style of conversation. Ich ärgerte mich immer noch über seinen ungestümen Gesprächsstil. I thought it best to change the topic. Ich hielt es für das Beste, das Thema zu wechseln.

“I wonder what that fellow is looking for?” I asked, pointing to a stalwart, plainly-dressed individual who was walking slowly down the other side of the street, looking anxiously at the numbers. „Ich frage mich, wonach dieser Bursche sucht?“ fragte ich und deutete auf eine stämmige, schlicht gekleidete Person, die langsam auf der anderen Straßenseite ging und ängstlich auf die Nummern starrte. He had a large blue envelope in his hand, and was evidently the bearer of a message. Er hatte einen großen blauen Umschlag in der Hand und war offenbar der Überbringer einer Nachricht.

“You mean the retired sergeant of Marines,” said Sherlock Holmes. „Sie meinen den Sergeant der Marines im Ruhestand“, sagte Sherlock Holmes.

“Brag and bounce!” thought I to myself. „Angeben und hüpfen!“ dachte ich mir. «Хвастайся и прыгай!» подумал я про себя. “He knows that I cannot verify his guess.” „Er weiß, dass ich seine Vermutung nicht überprüfen kann.“

The thought had hardly passed through my mind when the man whom we were watching caught sight of the number on our door, and ran rapidly across the roadway. Der Gedanke war mir kaum durch den Kopf gegangen, als der Mann, den wir beobachteten, die Nummer an unserer Tür erblickte und schnell über die Straße rannte. We heard a loud knock, a deep voice below, and heavy steps ascending the stair. Wir hörten ein lautes Klopfen, eine tiefe Stimme von unten und schwere Schritte, die die Treppe hinaufstiegen.

“For Mr. Sherlock Holmes,” he said, stepping into the room and handing my friend the letter.

Here was an opportunity of taking the conceit out of him. Hier war eine Gelegenheit, ihm die Einbildung zu nehmen. He little thought of this when he made that random shot. Daran dachte er wenig, als er diesen zufälligen Schuss machte. Он мало думал об этом, когда делал тот случайный снимок. “May I ask, my lad,” I said, in the blandest voice, “what your trade may be?” „Darf ich fragen, mein Junge“, sagte ich mit sanfter Stimme, „was dein Beruf sein mag?“

“Commissionaire, sir,” he said, gruffly. „Commissionaire, Sir“, sagte er schroff. - Комиссар, сэр, - грубо сказал он. “Uniform away for repairs.” „Uniform zur Reparatur weg.“

“And you were?” I asked, with a slightly malicious glance at my companion. „Und du warst?“ fragte ich mit einem leicht boshaften Blick auf meinen Begleiter.

“A sergeant, sir, Royal Marine Light Infantry, sir. „Ein Sergeant, Sir, Royal Marine Light Infantry, Sir. No answer? Keine Antwort? Нет ответа? Right, sir.” Richtig, Herr.“

He clicked his heels together, raised his hand in a salute, and was gone. Er schlug die Absätze zusammen, hob die Hand zum Gruß und verschwand.