Covid-19 e vitamina D: as falhas de estudo que levaram a desinformação Covid-19|and|vitamin|D|the|failures|of|study|that|led|to|misinformation Covid-19 und Vitamin D: die Studienfehler, die zu Fehlinformationen führten Covid-19 et vitamine D : les failles de l'étude qui ont conduit à la désinformation Covid-19 とビタミン D: 誤った情報につながった研究の欠陥 Covid-19 和维生素 D：导致错误信息的研究缺陷 Covid-19 and vitamin D: the study flaws that led to misinformation

Entre as muitas informações duvidosas  espalhadas durante a pandemia, Among|the|many|information|questionable|spread|during|the|pandemic Among the many dubious pieces of information spread during the pandemic,

é possível que você tenha se deparado com a  sugestão de uso de vitamina D contra a covid is|possible|that|you|have|reflexive pronoun|encountered|with|the|suggestion|of|use|of|vitamin|D|against|the|covid Es ist möglich, dass Sie auf den Vorschlag gestoßen sind, Vitamin D gegen Covid zu verwenden you may have come across the suggestion to use vitamin D against covid

Isso porque, conforme o coronavírus  se propaga, outro perigo vem junto, This|because|as|the|coronavirus|itself|spreads|another|danger|comes|together Denn mit der Ausbreitung des Coronavirus kommt eine weitere Gefahr hinzu, Это потому, что по мере распространения коронавируса появляется еще одна опасность, This is because, as the coronavirus spreads, another danger comes along,

que é a desinformação sobre como tratar a covid  ou supostas formas de tratar precocemente what|is|the|disinformation|about|how|to treat|the|covid|or|supposed|ways|to|treat|early what disinformation is about how to treat covid or supposed ways to treat it early

E muitas vezes as fakes news são criadas a partir  de uma informação verdadeira – mas que depois é And|many|times|the|fake|news|are|created|from|starting|from|a|information|true|but|that|later|is And often fake news is created from true information – but then it is

distorcida ou tirada de contexto, por exemplo.  E essas são as mais difíceis de combater distorted|or|taken|out|context|for|example|And|these|are|the|most|difficult|to|combat distorted or taken out of context, for example. And these are the hardest to combat

Eu sou a Laís Alegretti, da BBC News Brasil  aqui em Londres, e neste vídeo eu vou explicar I|am|the|Laís|Alegretti|from|BBC|News|Brazil|here|in|London|and|in this|video|I|will|explain I am Laís Alegretti, from BBC News Brazil here in London, and in this video I will explain

que hoje não temos comprovação científica de  que a vitamina D seja eficaz contra a covid that|today|not|we have|evidence|scientific|of|that|the|vitamin|D|is|effective|against|the|covid that today we have no scientific evidence that vitamin D is effective against covid

E vou falar sobre as falhas que levaram  um estudo sobre esse tema a ser tirado And|I will|talk|about|the|failures|that|led|a|study|on|this|topic|to|be|withdrawn And I will talk about the failures that led a study on this topic to be retracted

do ar por uma renomada revista científica. Primeiro, é importante dizer que criar uma of|air|by|a|renowned|journal|scientific|First|is|important|to say|that|to create|a by a renowned scientific journal. First, it is important to say that creating a

hipótese de que um tratamento pode ser eficaz e,  depois de estudos sérios, verificar que não é o hypothesis|of|that|a|treatment|may|be|effective|and|after|of|studies|serious|verify|that|not|is|the hypothesis that a treatment may be effective and then, after serious studies, verifying that it is not the case.

caso, faz parte do processo científico normal. O problema é que, hoje em dia, pesquisas em case|is|part|of|scientific|scientific|normal|The|problem|is|that|today|in|day|research|in In this case, it is part of the normal scientific process. The problem is that, nowadays, research in

fases iniciais ou mesmo de baixa qualidade  têm sido compartilhadas fora de contexto phases|initial|or|even|of|low|quality|have|been|shared|outside|of|context early stages or even of low quality has been shared out of context.

E aí, isso pode ser explorado por quem  quer promover teorias da conspiração And|there|this|can|be|exploited|by|who|wants|to promote|theories|of|conspiracy Und das kann dann von denen ausgenutzt werden, die Verschwörungstheorien verbreiten wollen And then, this can be exploited by those who want to promote conspiracy theories.

Então vamos lá: qual é a lógica por trás  do argumento de que a vitamina D poderia So|let's|go|what|is|the|logic|behind|the|of|argument|that|that|the|vitamin|D|could So let's go: what is the logic behind the argument that vitamin D could

ser útil no tratamento ou prevenção da covid? A informação científica aqui é que a vitamina be|useful|in the|treatment|or|prevention|of the|covid|The|information|scientific|here|is|that|the|vitamin is it useful in the treatment or prevention of covid? The scientific information here is that vitamin

D de fato desempenha um papel  na imunidade do nosso corpo D|of|fact|plays|a|role|in|immunity|of|our|body D spielt tatsächlich eine Rolle für die Immunität unseres Körpers D does indeed play a role in our body's immunity

E inclusive alguns países que têm dias  curtos e pouca luz no inverno costumam And|including|some|countries|that|have|days|short|and|little|light|in the|winter|usually And even some countries that have short days and little light in winter usually

recomendar o suplemento nesse período do  ano, como no caso aqui no Reino Unido recommend|the|supplement|in this|period|of|year|as|in|case|here|in|United|Kingdom recommend the supplement during this time of year, as is the case here in the United Kingdom

Mas, pelo menos até hoje, nenhuma pesquisa mostrou  um efeito suficientemente convincente para apoiar But|at least|less|until|today|no|research|showed|an|effect|sufficiently|convincing|to|support But, at least until today, no research has shown a sufficiently convincing effect to support

o uso de altas doses de vitamina D  para prevenir ou tratar doenças the|use|of|high|doses|of|vitamin|D|to|prevent|or|treat|diseases the use of high doses of vitamin D to prevent or treat diseases

E o que dizem os cientistas sobre a  relação com a covid, especificamente? And|the|what|say|the|scientists|about|the|relationship|with|the|covid|specifically And what do scientists say about the relationship with covid, specifically?

Até agora, as conclusões de estudos  associando vitamina D e coronavírus Until|now|the|conclusions|of|studies|associating|vitamin|D|and|coronavirus So far, the conclusions of studies associating vitamin D and coronavirus

não são fortes o suficiente. Muitas pesquisas mostraram uma not|are|strong|the|enough|Many|research|showed|a are not strong enough. Many studies have shown an

associação entre a vitamina D e a covid,  mas a evidência é meramente empírica — o que association|between|the|vitamin|D|and|the|covid|but|the|evidence|is|merely|empirical|the|what association between vitamin D and covid, but the evidence is merely empirical — which

significa que outros fatores não estão sendo  controlados e monitorados para se determinar means|that|other|factors|not|are|being|controlled|and|monitored|to|themselves|determine means that other factors are not being controlled and monitored to accurately determine

com precisão uma relação de causa e efeito. Ou seja, se o que aconteceu com aquele paciente with|precision|a|relationship|of|cause|and|effect|Or||if|the|what|happened|with|that|patient a cause-and-effect relationship. In other words, if what happened to that patient

é uma consequência da vitamina D ou não. É por isso que as conclusões desse tipo is|a|consequence|of|vitamin|D|or|not|It is|for|that|that|the|conclusions|of this|type eine Folge von Vitamin D ist oder nicht. Deshalb sind Schlussfolgerungen dieser Art is a consequence of vitamin D or not. That is why the conclusions of this type

de estudo não são robustas o suficiente. Seria necessário, por exemplo, um ensaio of|study|not|are|robust|the||would be|necessary|for|example|a|essay of study are not robust enough. It would be necessary, for example, a trial

clínico conhecido como randomizado, no qual  algumas pessoas recebem tratamento e outras, clinical|known|as|randomized|in which|which|some|people|receive|treatment|and|others known as randomized, in which some people receive treatment and others,

placebo, para que os cientistas possam  ter certeza de que o resultado é causado, placebo|so that|that|the|scientists|can|have|certainty|that|that|the|result|is|caused placebo, so that scientists can be sure that the result is caused,

de fato, por aquele tratamento. Os chamados estudos observacionais of|fact|by|that|treatment|The|so-called|studies|observational indeed, due to that treatment. The so-called observational studies

mostram que alguns grupos são mais propensos tanto  a ter deficiências de vitamina D quanto a pegar show|that|some|groups|are|more|prone|both|to|have|deficiencies|of|vitamin|D|as|to|catch show that some groups are more prone to both vitamin D deficiencies and to contracting

covid — em geral, pessoas mais velhas, pessoas  com obesidade e pessoas com pele mais escura covid|in|general|people|older|elderly|people|with|obesity|and|people|with|skin|darker|dark covid — in general, older people, people with obesity, and people with darker skin

Pode ser que a deficiência de vitamina D seja o  motivo pelo qual esses grupos correm maior risco, May|be|that|the|deficiency|of|vitamin|D|is|the|reason|for the|which|these|groups|run|greater|risk It may be that vitamin D deficiency is the reason why these groups are at greater risk,

ou pode haver outros fatores de saúde e  ambientais que levam à queda nos níveis or|may|be|other|factors|of|health|and|environmental|that|lead|to the|drop|in the|levels or there may be other health and environmental factors that lead to a decrease in levels

de vitamina D e maior suscetibilidade ao vírus. Outro ponto é que os níveis da vitamina também of|vitamin|D|and|greater|susceptibility|to the|virus|Another|point|is|that|the|levels|of the|vitamin|also of vitamin D and greater susceptibility to the virus. Another point is that vitamin levels can also

podem cair como consequência da  doença, em vez de serem causa may|fall|as|consequence|of|disease|in|instead|of|being|cause drop as a consequence of the disease, rather than being a cause.

Assim, os cientistas só serão capazes de analisar  a vitamina D como causa realizando testes Thus|the|scientists|only|will be|able|to|analyze|the|vitamin|D|as|cause|conducting|tests Thus, scientists will only be able to analyze vitamin D as a cause by conducting tests.

controlados randomizados conduzidos adequadamente,  como em uma pesquisa que está em andamento hoje na controlled|randomized|conducted|adequately|as|in|a|research|that|is|in|progress|today|at the ordnungsgemäß durchgeführte randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, wie in einem Forschungsprojekt, das derzeit an der Universität Lissabon läuft. properly conducted randomized controlled trials, such as in a study that is currently ongoing at

Universidade Queen Mary's, no Reino Unido. E qual é a história do artigo que foi muito University|Queen||in|Kingdom|United|And|what|is|the|story|of|article|that|was|very Queen Mary University, in the United Kingdom. And what is the story behind the article that was widely

compartilhado e agora está sendo investigado? Um estudo da Universidade de Barcelona, na shared|and|now|is|being|investigated|A|study|of|University|of|Barcelona|in shared and is now being investigated? A study from the University of Barcelona, in

Espanha, chamou atenção ao sugerir que a vitamina D teria um sucesso impressionante, com uma redução Spain|drew|attention|to|suggest|that|the|vitamin|D|would have|an|success|impressive|with|a|reduction Spain, drew attention by suggesting that vitamin D would have impressive success, with a reduction

de 80% nas admissões em terapia intensiva  e uma redução de 60% nas mortes de covid of|in the|admissions|in|therapy|intensive|and|a|reduction|of|in the|deaths|of|covid of 80% in admissions to intensive care and a 60% reduction in covid deaths

O resultado foi muito compartilhado, mas  o estudo virou alvo de críticas porque não The|result|was|very|shared|but|the|study|became|target|of|criticism|because|not Die Ergebnisse wurden weithin geteilt, aber die Studie wurde kritisiert, weil sie nicht The result was widely shared, but the study became the target of criticism because it did not

seguiu métodos robustos o suficiente  para apontar para essas conclusões followed|methods|robust|the|sufficient|to|point|to|these|conclusions follow robust enough methods to point to these conclusions

O artigo foi retirado do ar por  "preocupações sobre a descrição da pesquisa" The|article|was|taken|off|air|by|concerns|about|the|description|of the|research Der Artikel wurde aufgrund von "Bedenken hinsichtlich der Beschreibung der Forschung" entfernt. The article was taken down due to "concerns about the description of the research"

A revista científica The Lancet,  que o publicou originalmente, The|journal|scientific|The|Lancet|that|it|published|originally The scientific journal The Lancet, which originally published it,

está agora conduzindo uma investigação sobre ele is|now|conducting|an|investigation|about|him is now conducting an investigation into it.

No estudo, a vitamina D foi administrada  a todos os pacientes em enfermarias, In|study|the|vitamin|D|was|administered|to|all|the|patients|in|wards Im Rahmen der Studie wurde allen Patienten auf den Stationen Vitamin D verabreicht, In the study, vitamin D was administered to all patients in wards,

em vez de aleatoriamente para indivíduos, como  deveria ter sido feito em uma pesquisa rigorosa instead|time|of|randomly|for|individuals|as|should|have|been|done|in|a|research|rigorous instead of randomly to individuals, as should have been done in a rigorous research.

E os pacientes de covid estudados que  morreram já tinham níveis radicalmente And|the|patients|of|covid|studied|who|died|already|had|levels|radically Und die untersuchten Covid-Patienten, die starben, hatten bereits radikal höhere Werte an And the studied covid patients who died already had radically

diferentes da vitamina antes do tratamento,  sugerindo que eles estavam mais gravemente different|from|vitamin|before|of|treatment|suggesting|that|they|were|more|severely different levels of the vitamin before treatment, suggesting that they were more severely

doentes antes mesmo de tomar a vitamina. A anestesiologista e médica de cuidados sick|before|even|to|take|the|vitamin|The|anesthesiologist|and|physician|of|care ill even before taking the vitamin. Anesthesiologist and intensive care physician

intensivos Aurora Baluja, que revisou o estudo  de Barcelona para a Lancet, disse que o tipo de intensive|Aurora|Baluja|who|reviewed|the|study|from|Barcelona|for|the|Lancet|said|that|the|type|of Aurora Baluja, die die Barcelona-Studie für die Zeitschrift Lancet begutachtet hat, sagte, dass die Art der Aurora Baluja, who reviewed the Barcelona study for The Lancet, said that the type of

efeito "extremo" relatado no artigo "nunca foi  encontrado" em um ensaio clínico randomizado effect|extreme|reported|in the|article|never|was|found|in|a|trial|clinical|randomized the "extreme" effect reported in the article "has never been found" in a randomized clinical trial

Ela disse que, embora a deficiência de vitamina D  fosse um "fator de risco bem estabelecido" entre She|said|that|although|the|deficiency|of|vitamin|D|were|a|factor|of|risk|well|established|among She said that, although vitamin D deficiency was a "well-established risk factor" among

as pessoas que morrem na terapia intensiva,  "a suplementação de vitamina D sozinha sempre the|people|who|die|in|therapy|intensive|the|supplementation|of|vitamin|D|alone|always people who die in intensive care, "vitamin D supplementation alone has always

falhou em reduzir o risco desses pacientes". Baluja explica que a deficiência é frequentemente failed|to|reduce|the|risk|of these|patients|Baluja|explains|that|the|deficiency|is|frequently failed to reduce the risk for these patients." Baluja explains that deficiency is often

causada por algo muito mais profundo,  como desnutrição ou insuficiência renal caused|by|something|much|more|profound|like|malnutrition|or|insufficiency|renal caused by something much deeper, such as malnutrition or kidney failure

Assim, não seria a deficiência de vitamina D  que estaria causando a morte dos pacientes Thus|not|would be|the|deficiency|of|vitamin|D|that|would be|causing|the|death|of the|patients Thus, it would not be the deficiency of vitamin D that would be causing the patients' deaths

Ainda assim, a ideia de que a vitamina D pode ser um tratamento eficaz Still|so|the|idea|that|that|the|vitamin|D|can|be|an|treatment|effective Still, the idea that vitamin D can be an effective treatment

contra a covid-19 ganhou inúmeros adeptos. No Brasil, a vitamina D é uma coadjuvante against|the|covid-19|gained|numerous|supporters|In|Brazil|the|vitamin|D|is|a|coadjuvant gegen Covid-19 hat viele Anhänger gefunden. In Brasilien ist Vitamin D ein Hilfsmittel against covid-19 has gained numerous supporters. In Brazil, vitamin D is an adjunct.

do kit covid, que contém medicamentos sem  eficácia comprovada ou já comprovadamente of|kit|covid|that|contains|medications|without|efficacy|proven|or|already|proven of the covid kit, which contains medications with no proven efficacy or already proven

ineficazes para a covid-19, como  ivermectina e hidroxicloroquina ineffective|against|the|covid-19|such as|ivermectin|and|hydroxychloroquine ineffective for covid-19, such as ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine

Esse conjunto é defendido pelo presidente  Jair Bolsonaro como um tratamento precoce, This|set|is|defended|by|president|Jair|Bolsonaro|as|a|treatment|early This set is defended by President Jair Bolsonaro as an early treatment,

mas, na verdade, contribui para aumentar  o número de mortes de pacientes graves, but|in|truth|contributes|to|increase|the|number|of|deaths|of|patients|severe but, in fact, it contributes to increasing the number of deaths among severe patients,

segundo disseram à BBC News Brasil diretores  de UTI de hospitais brasileiros de referência according to|said|to the|BBC|News|Brazil|directors|of|ICU|of|hospitals|Brazilian|of|reference according to directors of ICU units from reference hospitals in Brazil told BBC News Brasil

O grande perigo das informações falsas  sobre a vitamina D é exatamente quando The|great|danger|of the|information|false|about|the|vitamin|D|is|exactly|when The great danger of false information about vitamin D is exactly when

ela é retratada como uma cura milagrosa e como uma  alternativa a medidas com comprovação científica she|is|portrayed|as|a|cure|miraculous|and|as|an|alternative|to|measures|with|proof|scientific it is portrayed as a miraculous cure and as an alternative to scientifically proven measures

para combater a pandemia, como vacinação,  uso de máscaras e distanciamento social to|combat|the|pandemic|such as|vaccination|use|of|masks|and|distancing|social to combat the pandemic, such as vaccination, mask use, and social distancing

E todo esse movimento de acreditar numa  cura milagrosa tem explicação psicológica And|all|this|movement|of|believing|in a|cure|miraculous|has|explanation|psychological And all this movement of believing in a miraculous cure has a psychological explanation.

O professor Sander Van der Linden, psicólogo  social da Universidade de Cambridge, The|professor|Sander|Van|der|Linden|social psychologist|social|of the|University|of|Cambridge Professor Sander Van der Linden, a social psychologist at the University of Cambridge,

diz que quando informações se encaixam na visão de  mundo das pessoas — por exemplo, que "as coisas da says|that|when|information|themselves|fit|in|worldview|of|world|of the|people|for|example|that|the|things|of the says that when information fits into people's worldview — for example, that "things from nature cannot do harm" — the likelihood of it being shared tends to be greater.

natureza não podem fazer mal" —, a probabilidade  de serem compartilhadas tende a ser maior nature|not|can|do|harm|the|probability|of|being|shared|tends|to|be|greater

E aí, misturam-se desde grupos que defendem  o uso exclusivo de medicamentos naturais e And|there|||since|groups|that|advocate|the|use|exclusive|of|medications|natural| And then, there are groups that advocate for the exclusive use of natural medicines and

medicina alternativa até outros que são  ideologicamente contra a vacinação medicine|alternative|even|others|who|are|ideologically|against|the|vaccination alternative medicine to others that are ideologically against vaccination.

E algumas vezes esses grupos distintos  acabam se unindo em torno de uma ideia And|sometimes|times|these|groups|distinct|end up|themselves|uniting|around|the idea|of|one|idea And sometimes these distinct groups end up uniting around an idea

que se encaixa em ambas crenças. Então é isso: as informações sobre that|reflexive pronoun|fits|in|both|beliefs|So|is|this|the|information|about that fits both beliefs. So that's it: the information about

a vitamina D podem não parecer as mais  nocivas que circulam na internet, porque the|vitamin|D|may|not|seem|the|most|harmful|that|circulate|on|internet|because vitamin D may not seem like the most harmful things circulating on the internet, because

a vitamina D é relativamente segura, embora  altas doses possam causar cálculos renais the|vitamin|D|is|relatively|safe|although|high|doses|may|cause|stones|kidney Vitamin D ist relativ sicher, obwohl hohe Dosen Nierensteine verursachen können vitamin D is relatively safe, although high doses can cause kidney stones

Mas o perigo principal mora nessas ideias  aparentemente milagrosas que vêm junto - seja But|the|danger|main|lies|in these|ideas|apparently|miraculous|that|come|together|whether But the main danger lies in these seemingly miraculous ideas that come along - whether

de um tratamento que, segundo a ciência, não  é eficaz, seja abrindo mão de medidas de fato of|a|treatment|that|according to|the|science|not|is|effective|whether|giving|up|of|measures|of|fact from a treatment that, according to science, is not effective, or by giving up on actual measures

eficazes, como o distanciamento social,  o uso de boas máscaras e a vacinação effective|such as|the|distancing|social|the|use|of|good|masks|and|the|vaccination effective measures, such as social distancing, wearing good masks, and vaccination

Espero que este vídeo tenha sido útil. Não deixem de se inscrever no nosso canal do I hope|that|this|video|has|been|useful|Do not|forget|to|themselves|subscribe|on|our|channel|of Ich hoffe, Sie fanden dieses Video nützlich. Vergessen Sie nicht, sich bei unserem I hope this video has been helpful. Don't forget to subscribe to our channel on

YouTube para saber quando tem video novo. Se cuidem e até a próxima! YouTube|to|know|when|there is|video|new|Take care|care of yourselves|and|until|the|next YouTube to know when there is a new video. Take care and see you next time!