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International Trade

International Trade

Steve: Good afternoon Kate.

Kate: Hi Steve.

Steve: You know today I would like to talk a little bit about your main job here which of course, is not to talk to me about language but it's to handle all of the detail that goes with international trading.

Kate: That's right.

You've just reminded me.

Steve: All right. Now some questions here. We are located in West Vancouver. We deal with suppliers who are, that is suppliers of wood products who are in North America and Europe and we sell to North America, Europe and Japan.

Kate: That's right.

Steve: What are some of the, sort of documents, trading documents, banking documents, etc., that are necessary in order to carry out this business?

Kate: Well, our business to Japan is fairly well established so the pattern is fairly standard. We send our customers copies of invoice. We have something called a Mill Certificate

Steve: Sorry, could I interrupt? So, the customer gets an invoice, that's how much money he owes us.

Kate: Yes, and that's also proof for him that he needs to take to his country's customs and duty officers in order for them to calculate the tax owing on whatever he is importing into the country.

Steve: Ok. And then you have a Mill Certificate. What is a Mill Certificate?

Kate: The Mill Certificate contains generally no monetary details. No details of the prices but has all the details of the shipment itself so that document is more useful for example, to the people on the dock who are dealing with the physical goods that are coming in but have nothing to do with the payment.

Steve: So there's an invoice, there's a Mill Certificate. Is there any other documents?

Kate: Yes, there must be what is called a Bill of Lading and this is issued by the shipping company, whatever vessel line we use to send it. Usually our lumber is in containers. Sometimes it goes by bulk shipment but this shipping company will issue this Bill of Lading which contains details of who the lumber is coming from, that is our company, who the lumber is going to, our customer generally and then all the details, number of pieces, number of packages, volume and all these details must match exactly to the details on our invoice and Mill Certificate.

Steve: I see. So, a lot of the same information is on the invoice, not exactly the same, but there's a certain amount of overlap of information between the Mill Certificate, the invoice and the Bill of Lading.

Kate: There must be an overlap in order for cross reference and again, customs officers, the dock people, everyone must see the same information. If there are any discrepancies, this is a real problem.

Steve: Now a discrepancy is a term that refers to a situation where there is a difference between let's say, the number of pieces or some other figure on one document as compared to another document.

Kate: Or, perhaps there's a discrepancy with the reality of what comes off the ship. Every once in a while we have a problem in that the originating mill tells us they've sent 24 packages, but they made a mistake and they only sent 23. So, all of our documentation says 24 packages, including the Bill of Lading because we told that to the shipping company but on the dock at the other end there are only 23.

Steve: What happens then? Does the customer usually claim for the missing package?

Kate: They will contact us and in some cases we need to issues some documents quickly so they can explain to the dock what happened and in some cases we simply refund the money they've paid or that we invoice them for.

Steve: What banking documents?

Kate: That's another issue. A lot of our customers pay by direct transfer through the banks. Some of them use the bank as an intermediary and they use a form of credit called a Letter of Credit. In that case we must submit all of our documents, the invoice, the Mill Cert, the Bill of Lading generally to the bank along with the details of the Letter of Credit which is paying for that and the bank's are absolutely the pickiest, the most detail oriented.

Steve: Pickiest means the most fussy. They are very detail oriented.

Kate: Yes, so every single I must be dotted and T must be crossed and every decimal must be exactly the same and the wording, the phrasing, everything must be exactly as per the bank's specifications or we have to issue a new version and generally there are bank charges. Generally non Letter of Credit business is easier.


International Trade 国際貿易 Comércio internacional

Steve: Good afternoon Kate. Steve: Guten Tag Kate. スティーブ:こんにちはケイト。

Kate: Hi Steve. ケイト:こんにちはスティーブ。

Steve: You know today I would like to talk a little bit about your main job here which of course, is not to talk to me about language but it’s to handle all of the detail that goes with international trading. スティーブ:今日は、ここでのあなたの主な仕事について少しお話ししたいと思います。もちろん、言語についてはお話しするのではなく、国際貿易に伴うすべての詳細を処理することです。 Steve: Você sabe que hoje eu gostaria de falar um pouco sobre seu trabalho principal aqui, que é claro, não é falar comigo sobre linguagem, mas é lidar com todos os detalhes que envolvem o comércio internacional.

Kate: That’s right. ケイト:そうです。

You’ve just reminded me. あなたはちょうど私に思い出させました。

Steve: All right. スティーブ:大丈夫です。 Now some questions here. ここでいくつか質問があります。 We are located in West Vancouver. 私たちはウエストバンクーバーにあります。 We deal with suppliers who are, that is suppliers of wood products who are in North America and Europe and we sell to North America, Europe and Japan. 私たちは、北米とヨーロッパにある木材製品のサプライヤーであるサプライヤーと取引し、北米、ヨーロッパ、日本に販売しています。

Kate: That’s right. ケイト:そうです。

Steve: What are some of the, sort of documents, trading documents, banking documents, etc., that are necessary in order to carry out this business? スティーブ:このビジネスを遂行するために必要な、ある種の書類、取引書類、銀行書類などは何ですか?

Kate: Well, our business to Japan is fairly well established so the pattern is fairly standard. ケイト:そうですね、日本へのビジネスはかなり確立されているので、パターンはかなり標準的です。 We send our customers copies of invoice. お客様に請求書のコピーをお送りします。 We have something called a Mill Certificate ミル証明書と呼ばれるものがあります Temos algo chamado Certificado de Moinho

Steve: Sorry, could I interrupt? スティーブ:すみません、中断できますか? Steve: Desculpe, posso interromper? So, the customer gets an invoice, that’s how much money he owes us. つまり、顧客は請求書を受け取ります。これは、彼が私たちに支払うべき金額です。 Então, o cliente recebe uma fatura, é o valor que ele nos deve.

Kate: Yes, and that’s also proof for him that he needs to take to his country’s customs and duty officers in order for them to calculate the tax owing on whatever he is importing into the country. ケイト:はい。それは、彼が国に輸入しているものすべてに課せられる税金を計算するために、彼が自国の税関および税関職員に連れて行く必要があることの証拠でもあります。 Kate: Sim, e isso também é uma prova para ele de que ele precisa levar para os oficiais de alfândega e alfândega de seu país para que eles calculem o imposto devido sobre tudo o que ele está importando para o país.

Steve: Ok. スティーブ:わかりました。 And then you have a Mill Certificate. そして、あなたはミル証明書を持っています。 E então você tem um Certificado de Moinho. What is a Mill Certificate? ミル証明書とは何ですか?

Kate: The Mill Certificate contains generally no monetary details. ケイト:ミル証明書には通常、金銭的な詳細は含まれていません。 Kate: O certificado do moinho geralmente não contém detalhes monetários. No details of the prices but has all the details of the shipment itself so that document is more useful for example, to the people on the dock who are dealing with the physical goods that are coming in but have nothing to do with the payment. 価格の詳細はありませんが、出荷自体の詳細がすべて含まれているため、たとえば、入荷する物理的な商品を扱っているが支払いとは関係のないドックの人々にとって、ドキュメントはより便利です。

Steve: So there’s an invoice, there’s a Mill Certificate. スティーブ:請求書があり、ミル証明書があります。 Is there any other documents? 他に書類はありますか?

Kate: Yes, there must be what is called a Bill of Lading and this is issued by the shipping company, whatever vessel line we use to send it. ケイト:はい、船荷証券と呼ばれるものが必要です。これは、船荷証券を送るために使用する船会社に関係なく、船会社によって発行されます。 Usually our lumber is in containers. 通常、私たちの材木はコンテナに入っています。 Sometimes it goes by bulk shipment but this shipping company will issue this Bill of Lading which contains details of who the lumber is coming from, that is our company, who the lumber is going to, our customer generally and then all the details, number of pieces, number of packages, volume and all these details must match exactly to the details on our invoice and Mill Certificate. バルク出荷の場合もありますが、この船荷証券は、材木が誰から来ているのか、つまり、当社、材木が誰に行くのか、顧客全般、そしてすべての詳細、数の詳細を含む船荷証券を発行します。ピース、パッケージの数、ボリューム、およびこれらすべての詳細は、請求書とミル証明書の詳細と正確に一致する必要があります。

Steve: I see. スティーブ:なるほど。 Steve: Entendo. So, a lot of the same information is on the invoice, not exactly the same, but there’s a certain amount of overlap of information between the Mill Certificate, the invoice and the Bill of Lading. したがって、請求書には同じ情報がたくさんありますが、まったく同じではありませんが、ミル証明書、請求書、船荷証券の間にはある程度の情報の重複があります。

Kate: There must be an overlap in order for cross reference and again, customs officers, the dock people, everyone must see the same information. ケイト:相互参照のためには重複が必要です。また、税関職員、ドックの人々、全員が同じ情報を見る必要があります。 If there are any discrepancies, this is a real problem. 不一致がある場合、これは実際の問題です。

Steve: Now a discrepancy is a term that refers to a situation where there is a difference between let’s say, the number of pieces or some other figure on one document as compared to another document. スティーブ:今、不一致とは、たとえば、あるドキュメントのピース数やその他の数値が、別のドキュメントと比較して異なる状況を指す用語です。

Kate: Or, perhaps there’s a discrepancy with the reality of what comes off the ship. ケイト:あるいは、船から出てくるものの現実との食い違いがあるかもしれません。 Every once in a while we have a problem in that the originating mill tells us they’ve sent 24 packages, but they made a mistake and they only sent 23. たまに、元の工場から24個のパッケージを送信したと言われるという問題がありますが、間違いを犯して23個しか送信していません。 De vez em quando temos um problema em que a fábrica de origem nos diz que enviaram 24 pacotes, mas cometeram um erro e enviaram apenas 23. So, all of our documentation says 24 packages, including the Bill of Lading because we told that to the shipping company but on the dock at the other end there are only 23. したがって、船荷証券を含め、すべてのドキュメントには24個のパッケージが記載されています。これは、船会社に伝えたためですが、反対側のドックには23個しかありません。

Steve: What happens then? スティーブ:それではどうなるの? Does the customer usually claim for the missing package? 顧客は通常、不足しているパッケージを要求しますか?

Kate: They will contact us and in some cases we need to issues some documents quickly so they can explain to the dock what happened and in some cases we simply refund the money they’ve paid or that we invoice them for. ケイト:彼らは私たちに連絡し、場合によっては、何が起こったのかをドックに説明できるように、いくつかの文書を迅速に発行する必要があります。

Steve: What banking documents? スティーブ:どの銀行の書類ですか?

Kate: That’s another issue. ケイト:それは別の問題です。 A lot of our customers pay by direct transfer through the banks. 多くのお客様は銀行経由の直接送金でお支払いいただけます。 Some of them use the bank as an intermediary and they use a form of credit called a Letter of Credit. それらのいくつかは銀行を仲介者として使用し、信用状と呼ばれる信用状を使用します。 In that case we must submit all of our documents, the invoice, the Mill Cert, the Bill of Lading generally to the bank along with the details of the Letter of Credit which is paying for that and the bank’s are absolutely the pickiest, the most detail oriented. その場合、すべての書類、請求書、Mill Cert、船荷証券を、その代金を支払っている信用状の詳細とともに銀行に提出する必要があります。銀行は絶対に最もうるさいです。詳細指向。

Steve: Pickiest means the most fussy. スティーブ:最もうるさいというのは、最もうるさいという意味です。 They are very detail oriented. それらは非常に詳細志向です。

Kate: Yes, so every single I must be dotted and T must be crossed and every decimal must be exactly the same and the wording, the phrasing, everything must be exactly as per the bank’s specifications or we have to issue a new version and generally there are bank charges. ケイト:はい、すべてのIに点線を付け、Tを交差させ、すべての小数を完全に同じにする必要があります。言い回し、言い回し、すべてが銀行の仕様に完全に準拠している必要があります。そうでない場合は、新しいバージョンを発行する必要があります。銀行手数料がかかります。 Generally non Letter of Credit business is easier. 一般的に、信用状以外のビジネスの方が簡単です。