{"id":176593411,"date":"2019-03-29T11:40:24","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T18:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog-new\/?p=176593411"},"modified":"2025-05-19T11:27:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T18:27:12","slug":"family-in-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog\/family-in-japanese\/","title":{"rendered":"Members of Your Family in Japanese"},"content":{"rendered":"

When learning a new language and meeting new people, one of the most common topics you will encounter will undoubtedly be about your family.<\/span><\/p>\n

Who do you live with? What are your parents like? How many siblings do you have?<\/span><\/p>\n

The topic may seem simple enough, however in Japanese, the way to talk about it may be a little trickier than expected. This is because Japanese, as we know, is a language that incorporates honorifics<\/a> and varying levels of politeness depending on who and what you are talking about. That being so, the words you will use to describe family will also change depending on the situation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unlike English, Japanese family members have different terms depending on whether you are talking about your family or a friend\u2019s, and if you are talking to a friend, teacher, coworker, or boss. The difference could be as simple as adding an honorific prefix (o-, go-), or as complex as using a completely different word.<\/span><\/p>\n

Looking at the chart below, you will see there is one main thing to keep in mind when talking about family: whose family it is you\u2019re talking about!<\/span><\/p>\n

When talking about someone else\u2019s family, the most common way to formalize it is by simply adding the prefix \u304a (o-) or \u3054 (go-), or adding the suffix ~\u3055\u3093(~san). In most cases, adding \u2013san will suffice, but in situations where you need to be super formal (such as talking to a boss or authority figure), you can (and should!) exchange \u3055\u3093 with \u3055\u307e (for example, when talking to a friend about their wife, you can say \u5965\u3055\u3093\uff08\u5965\u3055\u3093okusan\uff09 but when talking to a boss about his wife, you should probably say \u5965\u69d8 \uff08\u304a\u304f\u3055\u307eokusama\uff09for added politeness)!<\/span><\/p>\n

It should also be noted that these rules of extra formality also apply to customers when in a store\/business setting in which you are an employee or staff. In Japan, customers are regarded as higher than the staff, so you may notice that store employees always use the politest form of language with them. The same rule applies to strangers and people that you are not familiar. <\/span><\/p>\n

The best rule of thumb is to always aim for the highest level of politeness when talking about someone’s family in Japanese.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before I show you the chart below, here are a few notes:<\/span><\/p>\n

Variations <\/b>
\nThere are two rows for \u201cmy family\u201d because some words have a second, less casual form, similar to how in English, \u201cmother\u201d is the most common\/standard form of the word, but you can also say \u201cmom,\u201d \u201cma,\u201d etc. (Note that not all words have a variation however, hence the blanks).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/a><\/p>\n

Higher Formality<\/b>
\nAs mentioned above, the honorific row shows the standard polite form with the suffix \u3055\u3093 (san), but you can exchange that \u3055\u3093 for \u3055\u307e (sama) for a higher level of politeness.<\/span><\/p>\n

Super Casual<\/b>
\nSimilarly, a word can be made super informal by removing the \u304aand changing \u3055\u3093 to \u3061\u3083\u3093 (chan); this is often done when speaking about family within the same family (for example, talking to your mom about your sister). <\/span><\/p>\n

Example: \u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093 (otousan) can drop the o- and take \u2013chan instead of \u2013san, becoming\u3000\u7236\u3061\u3083\u3093 (tou-chan), a super casual way of saying father (like saying \u201cdaddy\u201d or \u201cpops\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
FAMILY MEMBER NAME<\/span><\/td>\nVARIATION\/<\/span>
\n\u201cMY FAMILY\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n		CASUAL\/<\/span>
\n\u201cMY FAMILY\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n		HONORIFIC\/<\/span>
\n\u201cYOUR FAMILY\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GENERAL TERMS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Family<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5bb6\u65cf<\/span>
\n\u304b\u305e\u304f<\/span>
\nkazoku<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u5bb6\u65cf<\/span>
\n\u3054\u304b\u305e\u304f<\/span>
\ngo-kazoku<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parent(s)<\/span><\/td>\n\u7236\u6bcd<\/span>
\n\u3075\u307c<\/span>
\nfubo<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4e21\u89aa<\/span>
\n\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3057\u3093<\/span>
\nryoushin<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u4e21\u89aa<\/span>
\n\u3054\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3057\u3093<\/span>
\ngo-ryoushin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sibling(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5144\u5f1f<\/span>
\n\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044<\/span>
\nkyoudai<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u5144\u5f1f<\/span>
\n\u3054\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044go-kyoudai<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grandparent(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u7956\u7236\u6bcd<\/span>
\n\u305d\u3075\u307c<\/span>
\nsofubo<\/span><\/td>\n		*refer to <\/span>
\nindividually<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grandchild(ren)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5b6b<\/span>
\n\u307e\u3054<\/span>
\nmago<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5b6b\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u307e\u3054\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\no-mago-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5b50\u4f9b<\/span>
\n\u3053\u3069\u3082<\/span>
\nkodomo<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5b50\u3055\u3093<\/span> \u304a\u3053\u3055\u3093<\/span> oko-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Married Couple<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u592b\u5a66<\/span>
\n\u3075\u3046\u3075<\/span>
\nfuufu<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u592b\u5a66<\/span>
\n\u3054\u3075\u3046\u3075<\/span> go-fuufu<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fianc\u00e9 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5a5a\u7d04\u8005<\/span>
\n\u3053\u3093\u3084\u304f\u3057\u3083<\/span>
\nkon\u2019yakusha<\/span><\/td>\n		\u5a5a\u7d04\u8005\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u3053\u3093\u3084\u304f\u3057\u3083\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nkon\u2019yakusha-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Relative(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u89aa\u621a<\/span>
\n\u3057\u3093\u305b\u304d<\/span>
\nshinseki<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u89aa\u621a<\/span>
\n\u3054\u3057\u3093\u305b\u304d<\/span>
\ngo-shinseki<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
~ in law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u7fa9\u7406\u306e~<\/span>
\n\u304e\u308a\u306e~<\/span>
\ngiri no~<\/span><\/td>\n		\u7fa9\u7406\u306e~\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304e\u308a\u306e~\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\ngiri no~san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPECIFIC TERMS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mother<\/span><\/td>\n\u6bcd<\/span>
\n\u306f\u306f<\/span>
\nhaha<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u304b\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nokaa-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u304b\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nokaa-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Father<\/span><\/td>\n\u7236<\/span>
\n\u3061\u3061<\/span>
\nchichi<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\notou-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u7236\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\notou-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Son<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u606f\u5b50<\/span>
\n\u3080\u3059\u3053<\/span>
\nmusuko<\/span><\/td>\n		\u606f\u5b50\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u3080\u3059\u3053\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nmusuko-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Daughter<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5a18<\/span>
\n\u3080\u3059\u3081<\/span>
\nmusume<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5b22\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058\u3087\u3046\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nojou-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sister (older)<\/span><\/td>\n\u59c9<\/span>
\n\u3042\u306d<\/span>
\nane<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u59c9\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u306d\u3048\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nonee-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u59c9\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u306d\u3048\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nonee-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sister (younger)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u59b9<\/span>
\n\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068<\/span>
\nimouto<\/span><\/td>\n		\u59b9\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nimouto-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brother (older)<\/span><\/td>\n\u5144<\/span>
\n\u3042\u306b<\/span>
\nani<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5144\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u306b\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nonii-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5144\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u306b\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nonii-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brother (younger)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5f1f<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3068<\/span>
\notouto<\/span><\/td>\n		\u5f1f\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3068\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\notouto-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wife<\/span><\/td>\n\u5bb6\u5185<\/span>
\n\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/span>
\nkanai<\/span><\/td>\n		\u59bb<\/span>
\n\u3064\u307e<\/span>
\ntsuma<\/span><\/td>\n		\u5965\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u304f\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\noku-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Husband<\/span><\/td>\n\u592b<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3063\u3068<\/span>
\notto<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4e3b\u4eba<\/span>
\n\u3057\u3085\u3058\u3093<\/span>
\nshujin<\/span><\/td>\n		\u3054\u4e3b\u4eba<\/span>
\n\u3054\u3057\u3085\u3058\u3093<\/span>
\ngo-shujin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grandmother<\/span><\/td>\n\u7956\u6bcd<\/span>
\n\u305d\u307c<\/span>
\nsobo<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5a46\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3070\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nobaa-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u5a46\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3070\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nobaa-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grandfather<\/span><\/td>\n\u7956\u7236<\/span>
\n\u305d\u3075<\/span>
\nsofu<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u723a\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nojii-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u304a\u723a\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nojii-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aunt<\/span><\/td>\n\u4f2f\u6bcd<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3070<\/span>
\noba<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4f2f\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3070\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\noba-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4f2f\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3070\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\noba-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uncle<\/span><\/td>\n\u4f2f\u7236<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058<\/span>
\noji<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4f2f\u7236\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\noji-san<\/span><\/td>\n		\u4f2f\u7236\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3058\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\noji-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cousin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u5f93\u5144\u5f1f<\/span>
\n\u3044\u3068\u3053<\/span>
\nitoko<\/span><\/td>\n		\u5f93\u5144\u5f1f\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\n\u3044\u3068\u3053\u3055\u3093<\/span>
\nitoko-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Niece<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u59ea<\/span>
\n\u3081\u3044<\/span>
\nmei<\/span><\/td>\n		\u59ea\u5b50\u3055\u3093
\n\u3081\u3044\u3054
\nmeigo-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nephew<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u7525<\/span>
\n\u304a\u3044
\noi<\/td>\n		\u7525\u5b50\u3055\u3093
\n\u304a\u3044\u3054\u3055\u3093
\noigo-san<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h3>\n

\"Learn<\/a><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Speaking About Family Members in Japanese<\/b><\/h2>\n

Now that you know how to say each family member\u2019s name, it\u2019s time to learn how to use them properly in a sentence. In English, you could simply say either \u201cMY mother\u201d or \u201cYOUR mother,\u201d however in Japan, remember, it is important to keep in mind WHO you are talking to.<\/span><\/p>\n

Japanese people do not usually use the word \u201cyou\u201d (\u3042\u306a\u305f, anata) in conversation, as it is considered too casual. In most cases, they simply use the other person\u2019s name plus \u3055\u3093 at the end.<\/span><\/p>\n

So if I were talking to Joe about his wife, though in English I could easily say \u201cYour wife\u201d without sounding rude, in Japanese, I would say \u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5965\u3055\u3093 (Joe-san no oku-san), which literally translates to \u201cJoe\u2019s wife.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

In other words, it is common and more polite to refer to someone in third-person, even when talking to them directly. <\/span><\/p>\n

Example: (When talking to Joe):<\/b>
\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5965<\/span>\u3055\u3093<\/b>\u306f\u512a\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\nYour (Joe\u2019s) wife is kind. <\/span><\/p>\n

Higher Formality:<\/b>
\n\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5965<\/span>\u3055\u307e<\/b>\u306f\u512a\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\nYour (Joe\u2019s) wife is kind.<\/span><\/p>\n

If I were telling Joe about MY wife, I could say \u79c1\u306e\u59bb (watashi no tsuma, literally \u201cmy wife\u201d), however in a casual conversation in which the subject is already known (i.e., Joe knows you are talking about your own family), then I could eliminate the \u79c1 and simply say \u59bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example:<\/b>
\n\u79c1\u306e\u59bb\u306f\u512a\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\nMy wife is kind.<\/span>
\n\u59bb\u306f\u512a\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/span>
\nMy wife is kind. <\/span>
\n(Super casual, subject is implied but not stated).<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

In summary, there are many ways to refer to friends or family in Japanese, but the defining rule on which term to choose is ultimately depending on the level of authority of the person you are talking to, and whose family you are talking about. <\/span><\/p>\n

It can be a little confusing at first when memorizing words with different variations, and which ones are preceded with \u304a or \u3054 for politeness. But when in doubt, always remember the suffix \u3055\u3093 and \u3055\u307e, which can be added to any of the terms above \u2013 it never hurts to be a little extra polite!<\/span><\/p>\n

Learn Japanese family member vocabulary faster<\/h2>\n

A great way to learn Japanese<\/a> family member vocabulary is through context, or reading short dialogues.<\/p>\n

But where can you find them?<\/p>\n

LingQ of course.<\/p>\n

LingQ has 100s of Japanese lessons including ones that talk about family. Not only that, using LingQ, you can listen to the audio that’s been recorded by native Japanese speakers, look up your words, save them, review them, and more. Below’s a quick snapshot of what one of the lessons looks like on LingQ’s mobile app (iOS and Android).<\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/p>\n

As you can see, you can listen to the audio, look up words, and read along anytime, anywhere. LingQ lets you learn using content you love as well thanks to it’s unique import feature. This allows you to import content from YouTube, anime, music, and much more. LingQ’s guide to importing can be found here<\/a>, so check it out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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