{"id":176591460,"date":"2018-09-28T10:47:20","date_gmt":"2018-09-28T17:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog-new\/?p=176591460"},"modified":"2025-05-19T11:27:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T18:27:54","slug":"japanese-name-suffixes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog\/japanese-name-suffixes\/","title":{"rendered":"A Quick Guide to Understanding Japanese Name Suffixes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Have you ever been to Japan? If so, you know showing politeness is a core aspect of the culture. Politeness isn’t just shown by actions, but it’s also woven into the language too.\u00a0<\/span>In English we might use Sir, Madam, Mister (Mr.), Misses (Mrs.), Miss (Ms.) and so on.\u00a0 Similarly, Japanese name suffixes can include , ~san, ~sama, ~kun, and more which I will discuss in more detail below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Japanese Name Suffixes in Action<\/h2>\n

\uff5e\u3055\u3093<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The most common by far is \uff5e\u3055\u3093\u3001(\uff5esan). \u00a0This is appended to the end of names and is often approximated to mean Mr. or Mrs.\/Ms. \u00a0As with a lot of translations from English to Japanese, it is not a perfect match. If you have been working with someone called \u2018Smith,\u2019 for five years, would you call them Mr. Smith in private conversation? \u00a0I would not, but in a Japanese company you would. <\/span>
\nThis versatile suffix is used outside the workplace too. \u00a0Casual acquaintances would be sure to say \uff5e\u3055\u3093\u3001and friends that have known each other a while might still say it. \u00a0Indeed, dropping the suffix altogether is a sign of closeness and familiarity that may take many years to reach. \u00a0<\/span>
\nAs a learner of Japanese, always use \uff5e\u3055\u3093. \u00a0Even if you read the relationship incorrectly, adding \uff5e\u3055\u3093 is always better than saying nothing at all. \u00a0If you are friends with the person, or are in a more informal setting, you are probably safe to use first name \uff5e\u3055\u3093, while last name \uff5e\u3055\u3093 is the fallback if you are completely stumped. \u00a0In Japan it is impossible to be too formal.<\/span>
\n\"A<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\uff5e\u3055\u307e<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\uff5e\u3055\u307e(\uff5esama) is used for people of importance. \u00a0This might be a princess, famous writer or nobleman. \u00a0It is also used when talking about Gods, \u304b\u307f\u3055\u307e(kamisama) literally means God, and is used with traditional Shinto Gods along with foreign monotheistic Gods.<\/span>
\nBut where most people will hear \uff5e\u3055\u307e is during everyday transactions at the convenience store, supermarket or in restaurants. \u00a0While you may never have to call someone \uff5e\u3055\u307e yourself, you will certainly hear it a lot. This suffix shows humility, the person saying it (for example shop staff) are below the person hearing it (the customer) and they are there to serve you. \u00a0This is part of the reason why Japanese people consider themselves so polite, and why Japanese customer service is seen to be among the best in the world.<\/span>
\n\"Learn<\/a><\/p>\n

\uff5e\u304f\u3093<\/strong><\/h2>\n

One of the more confusing daily suffixes is \uff5e\u304f\u3093(\uff5ekun). \u00a0At first, I only ever heard it in reference to boys, particularly from senior figures in the schools I worked in. \u00a0All the male names ended with \uff5e\u304f\u3093 and so I assumed it was only used when talking to children (for reference, all the girls were \uff5e\u3055\u3093). \u00a0Then I heard it used among older men, referring to a colleague who was well into his mid-thirties. And then I heard it when an older man was talking about a female teacher, at which point I made a mental note to never use it myself in case I got it wrong and offended someone.<\/span>
\nIn brief, \uff5e\u304f\u3093 is mostly used with people who are significantly younger than the speaker, regardless of gender. \u00a0Despite being used most often with children it is not used to belittle the recipient. It does not denote any subservience, and is not derisive in any way.<\/span>
\nHowever. \u00a0<\/span>
\nI have never heard anyone under the age of sixty refer to a woman or girl as \uff5e\u304f\u3093. \u00a0I have also never heard a woman refer to another woman as \uff5e\u304f\u3093. I get the distinct impression that it is an old man thing, so I will wait until there is a little more grey in my beard before using it.<\/span>
\n\"A<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\uff5e\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Continuing the school theme, \uff5e\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044(\uff5esenpai) and \uff5e\u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044(\uff5ekouhai) will be familiar to anyone who watches Japanese movies or drama. \u00a0\uff5e\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044 is upperclassman, someone who is in the year above you in school, while \uff5e\u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044 is an underclassman, someone in the year below you. \u00a0While both can be used much in the same way as the other suffixes, they are also used as standalone phrases. For example, instead of saying \u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044(Chris senpai) it can be more natural just to say \u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044\u3001by itself. \u00a0The same goes with \u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044. <\/span>
\nThese are also used in the workplace which can lead to some interesting problems. \u00a0For example, if Chris and John join a company at the same time they would call each other \uff5e\u3055\u3093, unless there is a noticeable age gap in which case the younger will defer to the older (even if they do not explicitly say \u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044 or \u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044, that upper\/lower dynamic is engrained in the culture). \u00a0If John joins after Chris, John is the \u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044 regardless of age, because he is less experienced. But what happens if John is forty years older than Chris? Or what happens if John has 5 PHD\u2019s in their field, and is obviously far more qualified than John, is he still the \u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044?<\/span>
\nJapanese social dynamics can be very complicated.<\/span>
\n\"A<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\uff5e\u3061\u3083\u3093<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The other commonly used suffix is \uff5e\u3061\u3083\u3093(\uff5echan). \u00a0This is a cuter suffix and is used among close friends and by adults speaking to young children. \u00a0<\/span>Do not call your boss \uff5e\u3061\u3083\u3093 unless you already have another job lined up.<\/b>
\nIt is often used with children and gives the impression of youth, so some women who are trying to appear cuter will append \uff5e\u3061\u3083\u3093 to their own names, but this is a high risk low reward strategy, especially for foreign speakers.<\/span>
\nThere are a lot more suffixes out there, but these are among the most commonly used. \u00a0As with much of Japanese, once you have learned what these words mean you can start understanding what they <\/span>actually <\/span><\/i>mean. \u00a0Remember, if you are ever unsure of which to use, just use \uff5e\u3055\u3093.<\/span>
\nIf you want to learn more polite ways to say things in Japanese, our previous Japanese honorifics<\/a> guide is something you should check out.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/a>
\nAnd last but definitely not least, LingQ is the best way to learn Japanese<\/a> online because you can create your own Japanese lessons with LingQ. Any, and I mean any,\u00a0<\/em>content you find online can be imported into LingQ and turned into a lesson. All you need is the text (we recommend audio as well). Not only can you import your own lessons but you can also choose from thousands of hours of LingQ content and start practicing Japanese right away. Read, listen, and use flashcards all in one place. Go check it out!<\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Sam De Roeck is a native English speaker living in Japan. \u00a0He should probably study Japanese more, but he spends all his time watching horror movies instead.<\/i><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Have you ever been to Japan? If so, you know showing politeness is a core aspect of the culture. Politeness isn’t just shown by actions, but it’s also woven into …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":176591497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[86,105],"class_list":["post-176591460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-japanese","tag-basic-japanese","tag-english"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Quick Guide to Understanding Japanese Name Suffixes – LingQ Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you studying Japanese? If so, best to make sure you're politeness level is up to par. 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