{"id":176589931,"date":"2018-06-06T12:44:20","date_gmt":"2018-06-06T19:44:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog-new\/?p=176589931"},"modified":"2025-05-19T11:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T18:28:21","slug":"italian-grammar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog\/italian-grammar\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Grammar: Demystifying Italian Nouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Italian grammar is tough, and one of the first grammar hurdles for the English speaker to overcome when learning Italian is the definite article: \u00a0the word \u201cthe.\u201d While English has only one form, Italian has eight of them. Why? To get a better understanding of this, we have to look at Italian nouns first.<\/span><\/p>\n

An Introduction to Italian Nouns<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Like French, Spanish, and Portuguese nouns, Italian nouns are either masculine or feminine in gender. \u00a0<\/span>
\nWe can generally determine the gender based upon the noun\u2019s ending. Of course, there are exceptions, but that is not a major concern. \u00a0Simply put, if a singular noun ends in \u201c-o,\u201d \u201c-ore,\u201d or \u201c-one,\u201d it is masculine. Most nouns that end in \u201c-ale\u201d are also masculine. Examples:<\/span><\/p>\n

a<\/span>libro <\/span><\/i>(book)<\/span>
\nprofessore <\/span><\/i>(male teacher)<\/span>
\npallone (<\/span><\/i>soccer ball)<\/span>
\ngiornale <\/span><\/i>(newspaper)<\/span><\/p>\n

If a singular noun ends in \u201c-a,\u201d \u201c-rice,\u201d or \u201c-ione,\u201d it is feminine. \u00a0Examples:<\/span>
\nmela <\/span><\/i>(apple)<\/span>
\npittrice <\/span><\/i>(female painter),<\/span>
\nlezione <\/span><\/i>(lesson)<\/span><\/p>\n

All nouns that end in \u201c-ista\u201d are masculine or feminine, depending on whom they are referring to; <\/span>farmacista <\/span><\/i>may be a male or female pharmacist.<\/span><\/p>\n

To make nouns plural in Italian, we do not add \u201cs\u201d or \u201ces.\u201d \u00a0We change the final vowel. The \u201co\u201d becomes an \u201ci.\u201d The \u201ce\u201d becomes an \u201ci.\u201d \u00a0The \u201ca\u201d becomes an \u201ce.\u201d If the vowel has an accent mark, we leave it alone. So, <\/span>universit\u00e0 <\/span><\/i>may be singular or plural.<\/span><\/p>\n

What does all of this have to do with the word \u201cthe\u201d? \u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The definite article must be masculine or feminine, singular or plural, so that it agrees with the noun. \u00a0To choose correctly, we must look at the front end of the noun as well. Observe the following chart:<\/span><\/p>\n

Masculine singular<\/b> Masculine Plural<\/b><\/h3>\n

lo stivale (the boot)<\/span> gli stivali (the boots)<\/span>
\nlo zaino \u00a0(the backpack)<\/span> gli zaini (the backpacks)<\/span>
\nl\u2019albero \u00a0(the tree)<\/span> gli alberi (the trees)<\/span>
\nil giardino (the yard)<\/span> i giardini (the yards)<\/span><\/p>\n

Feminine singular<\/b> Feminine plural<\/b><\/h3>\n

la scarpa \u00a0(the shoe)<\/span> le scarpe \u00a0(the shoes)<\/span>
\nl\u2019uscita \u00a0(the exit)<\/span> le uscite \u00a0(the exits)<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo <\/span><\/i>is used before a masculine singular noun that begins with the letter \u201cs\u201d followed by another consonant; this letter combination is called \u201cs-impure.\u201d \u00a0<\/span>Lo <\/span><\/i>is also used before a masculine singular noun that begins with the letter \u201cz.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It is also used before the less common initial combinations of \u201cgn\u201d (<\/span>gnomo<\/span><\/i>), \u00a0\u201cpn\u201d (<\/span>pneumatico<\/span><\/i>), and \u201cps\u201d (<\/span>psicologo<\/span><\/i>). When the noun is made plural, the article must be made plural as well, which adds to the beautiful sound of spoken Italian. \u00a0<\/span>Lo <\/span><\/i>then becomes <\/span>gli <\/span><\/i>(pronounced llyee).<\/span><\/p>\n

Before a masculine noun which begins with a vowel, the article is <\/span>l\u2019<\/span><\/i>; \u00a0it is simply the elided form of <\/span>lo. \u00a0<\/span><\/i>We dropped the \u201co\u201d and replaced it with an apostrophe. \u00a0Therefore, its plural is also <\/span>gli.<\/span><\/i> \u00a0We generally do not elide in the plural. \u00a0You may elide if the noun starts with an \u201ci.\u201d \u00a0An example is <\/span>gl\u2019italiani.<\/span><\/i> \u00a0All other masculine singular nouns will have <\/span>il <\/span><\/i>in front of them, which becomes <\/span>i <\/span><\/i>in the plural.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before a feminine singular noun which begins with a consonant –any consonant (s-impure, z, etc. do no apply to the feminine), <\/span>la <\/span><\/i>used. \u00a0The plural is <\/span>le. \u00a0<\/span><\/i>For singular nouns beginning with a vowel, we elide again. \u00a0<\/span>L\u2019 <\/span><\/i>is used, only in the singular. \u00a0If the noun begins with an \u201ce,\u201d you may elide if you so desire. \u00a0An example is <\/span>l\u2019entrate. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

The article for a noun which ends in \u201c-ista\u201d is determined by the meaning. \u00a0For a male pharmacist, we use <\/span>il farmacista<\/span><\/i>; the plural is <\/span>i farmacisti. \u00a0<\/span><\/i>For a female pharmacist, we use <\/span>la farmacista <\/span><\/i>and <\/span>le farmaciste. \u00a0<\/span><\/i>It is only in the masculine singular that the ending seems a little off to us.<\/span>
\n\"Learn<\/a><\/p>\n

Borrowed Nouns<\/h2>\n

For many years, Italian has been borrowing words from other languages. \u00a0With the\u00a0<\/span>advent of the internet, new words started to appear with greater frequency, especially terms of a technological nature. \u00a0<\/span>
\nWhat do we do with those nouns? We treat a noun from another language as masculine, unless it means a female person. So we use <\/span>il camion <\/span><\/i>(truck from French), <\/span>l\u2019album <\/span><\/i>(album from English), <\/span>lo snob <\/span><\/i>(from English), <\/span>il wurstel <\/span><\/i>(hot dog from German)<\/span>, il film <\/span><\/i>(movie from English), <\/span>l\u2019hostess <\/span><\/i>(stewardess from English), <\/span>il babysitter <\/span><\/i>and <\/span>la babysitter, <\/span><\/i>and many more! \u00a0These words do not end in vowels; what do we do to the ending? \u00a0Nothing.<\/span>
\nIl camion <\/span><\/i>becomes <\/span>i camion<\/span><\/i>; <\/span>lo snob <\/span><\/i>becomes <\/span>gli snob<\/span><\/i>; <\/span>l\u2019hostess <\/span><\/i>becomes <\/span>le hostess.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Now that we have seen the rules, we can apply them to the indefinite article: \u00a0a, an, or one. Since there are no plurals, it is much simpler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masculine singular<\/b><\/h3>\n

uno \u00a0stivale (a boot)<\/span>
\nuno \u00a0zaino \u00a0(a backpack)<\/span>
\nun \u00a0albero \u00a0(a tree)<\/span>
\nun \u00a0giardino (a yard)<\/span><\/p>\n

Feminine singular<\/b><\/h3>\n

una scarpa \u00a0(a shoe)<\/span>
\nun\u2019uscita \u00a0(a exit)<\/span><\/p>\n

There are just two forms for each gender. \u00a0<\/span>Uno <\/span><\/i>is used before a singular masculine noun that begins with s-impure. \u00a0<\/span>Uno <\/span><\/i>is also used before a masculine singular noun that begins with the letter \u201cz\u201d and the other less common initial combinations of \u201cgn\u201d, \u00a0\u201cpn\u201d, and \u201cps\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

Before a singular masculine noun that begins with a vowel, the article is <\/span>un<\/span><\/i>; there is no apostrophe<\/span>. \u00a0<\/span><\/i>We simply dropped the \u201co.\u201d \u00a0\u00a0Before all other masculine nouns, it is also <\/span>un.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Before a \u00a0singular feminine noun which begins with a consonant, <\/span>una <\/span><\/i>used. \u00a0For singular nouns beginning with a vowel, we elide again. \u00a0<\/span>Un\u2019 <\/span><\/i>is used, only in the singular.<\/span><\/p>\n

Of course, these rules apply to our borrowed words as well: \u00a0<\/span>uno slogan, un film, un hotel, <\/span><\/i>etc. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Like English speakers, Italians like to abbreviate some words. \u00a0We say \u201cbike\u201d for bicycle, \u201cphoto\u201d for photograph, \u201cfridge\u201d for refrigerator, and so on. \u00a0Italians say \u201c<\/span>bici\u201d <\/span><\/i>for <\/span>bicicletta, <\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span>foto<\/span><\/i>\u201d for <\/span>fotografia, <\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span>frigo\u201d <\/span><\/i>for frigorifero, \u201c<\/span>cinema<\/span><\/i>\u201d for <\/span>cinematografo, <\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span>radio\u201d <\/span><\/i>for <\/span>radiofonia. \u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Now wait a minute! \u00a0Some abbreviations have different endings than the original nouns. \u00a0No worries. The gender does not change: <\/span>la bici, la foto, il frigo, il cinema, la radio. <\/span><\/i>\u00a0The article matches the gender of the original noun. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

So, now when you are watching\u00a0<\/a><\/span>un film <\/em><\/span><\/a>or reading<\/span> il giornale<\/span><\/i>, you won\u2019t wonder why the words for \u201cthe\u201d and \u201ca\u201d keep changing, and you can concentrate a little more on building your listening and reading skills. \u00a0<\/span>Buone cose! <\/span><\/i>(Best wishes!)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/a><\/p>\n

Learn Italian Faster Using LingQ<\/h2>\n

Immersing yourself in Italian doesn\u2019t require you to travel abroad or sign up for an expensive language program.<\/p>\n

However, it can be a bit tiresome to find interesting content, go back and forth between sites, use different dictionaries to look up words, and so on.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why there\u2019s LingQ. A language app that helps you discover and learn Italian<\/a> from content you love.<\/p>\n

You can import videos, podcasts, and much more and turn them into interactive lessons.<\/p>\n

Keep all your favorite Italian content stored in one place, easily look up new words, save vocabulary, and review. Check out our guide to importing content into LingQ<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n

LingQ is available for desktop as well as Android<\/a> and iOS<\/a>. Gain access to thousands of hours of audio and transcripts and begin your journey to fluency today.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dona Frauenhofer earned a master\u2019s degree in Italian language and literature from Middlebury College after a year of study in Florence, Italy, which included two courses at the University of Florence. \u00a0She also studied German for three years at the undergraduate level. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Italian grammar is tough, and one of the first grammar hurdles for the English speaker to overcome when learning Italian is the definite article: \u00a0the word \u201cthe.\u201d While English has …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":176590567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[85,105],"class_list":["post-176589931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-italian","tag-basic-italian","tag-english"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nItalian Grammar: Demystifying Italian Nouns – LingQ Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nouns and articles form the basis of Italian grammar. 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