{"id":176587504,"date":"2017-05-05T13:31:30","date_gmt":"2017-05-05T20:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog-new\/?p=176587504"},"modified":"2022-06-14T12:43:35","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T19:43:35","slug":"peculiaridades-de-los-adjetivos-en-ingles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lingq.com\/blog\/peculiaridades-de-los-adjetivos-en-ingles\/","title":{"rendered":"Peculiaridades de los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

PRIMERA PARTE<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u00bfRecuerdas lo que es un adjetivo? Todos lo tuvimos que aprender en el colegio: \u201cel adjetivo es una palabra o frase que modifica a un sustantivo\u201d<\/span>
\nY los ejemplos normales son casi siempre los adjetivos calificativos: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Art\u00edculo<\/span><\/td>\nSustantivo<\/span><\/td>\nAdjetivo calificativo<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
El <\/span><\/td>\nlibro<\/span><\/td>\nverde<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La <\/span><\/td>\ncasa<\/span><\/td>\nnueva<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La<\/span><\/td>\nrosa<\/span><\/td>\nblanca<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pero hay muchos otros tipos de adjetivos: posesivos (\u201cmi libro\u201d), demostrativos (\u201caquel libro\u201d), indefinidos (\u201calgunos libros\u201d), etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

En ingl\u00e9s, naturalmente, tambi\u00e9n existen los adjetivos y tambi\u00e9n existen los distintos tipos de adjetivos. Aqu\u00ed nos ocuparemos sobre todo de los calificativos.<\/span><\/p>\n

A. Los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s se colocan casi siempre antes del sustantivo<\/b><\/h3>\n

\"Peculiaridades
\nEn ingl\u00e9s, NUNCA JAM\u00c4S dir\u00edas: \u201cThe car blue\u201d<\/span>
\nLO CORRECTO, ES DECIR: \u201cThe blue car\u201d<\/span>
\nEl orden normal es ADJETIVO + SUSTANTIVO<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ARTICLE<\/span><\/td>\nADJECTIVE<\/span><\/td>\nNOUN<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The<\/span><\/td>\nsmall<\/span><\/td>\nhouse<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nshort<\/span><\/td>\nstory<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An <\/span><\/td>\nexcellent<\/span><\/td>\nsinger<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The<\/span><\/td>\nhappy<\/span><\/td>\nchild<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The<\/span><\/td>\nstrong<\/span><\/td>\nman<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A <\/span><\/td>\ntall<\/span><\/td>\nwoman<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nred<\/span><\/td>\napple<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Y as\u00ed\u2026 los ejemplos son infinitos. El adjetivo casi siempre, por no decir siempre, va antes del nombre. Las excepciones son pocas y muy raras.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. Los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s no tienen g\u00e9nero<\/b><\/h3>\n

En espa\u00f1ol, el adjetivo tiene el mismo g\u00e9nero que el sustantivo. Por ejemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Art\u00edculo<\/span><\/td>\nSustantivo<\/span><\/td>\nAdjetivo<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La <\/span><\/td>\nni\u00f1a<\/span><\/td>\ntonta<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
El<\/span><\/td>\njuego<\/span><\/td>\ndivertido<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Y nunca dir\u00edamos: \u201cla ni\u00f1a tonto\u201d o \u201cel juego divertida\u201d porque no hay concordancia de g\u00e9nero entre el sustantivo y el adjetivo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pero en ingl\u00e9s el g\u00e9nero, desde el punto de vista de la construcci\u00f3n de la frase del ADJETIVO + SUSTANTIVO, \u00a1pues no importa! Claro que importa a nivel de las cosas reales, pero en gram\u00e1tica, por decirlo de un modo, <\/span>\u00a1la cosa es <\/b>unisex<\/i><\/b>! <\/b>\u201cHappy\u201d es igual para los nombres femeninos como \u201c<\/span>lady<\/span><\/i>\u201d, \u201c<\/span>girl<\/span><\/i>\u201d o \u201c<\/span>daughter<\/span><\/i>\u201d que para los nombres masculinos como \u201c<\/span>gentleman<\/span><\/i>\u201d, \u201c<\/span>boy<\/span><\/i>\u201d o \u201c<\/span>son<\/span><\/i>\u201d.<\/span>
\nM\u00e1s ejemplos:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ARTICLE<\/span><\/td>\nADJECTIVE<\/span><\/td>\nNOUN<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An<\/span><\/td>\neasy<\/span><\/td>\nlesson<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An<\/span><\/td>\neasy<\/span><\/td>\nroad<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nfriendly<\/span><\/td>\nboy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nfriendly<\/span><\/td>\ngirl<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nlarge<\/span><\/td>\nblouse<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nlarge<\/span><\/td>\ndesk<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

En fin, en espa\u00f1ol cambiamos los adjetivos para hacerlos coincidir, en el g\u00e9nero, con el sustantivo, pero en ingl\u00e9s no. El adjetivo en ingl\u00e9s NO CAMBIA a femenino o masculino. Siempre es igual.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. Los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s no tienen forma plural<\/b><\/h3>\n

\"Peculiaridades
\nLos hispano-parlantes cambiamos el adjetivo de singular a plural para hacerlo coincidir con un sustantivo singular o plural. As\u00ed, decimos:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Art\u00edculo<\/span><\/td>\nSustantivo <\/span><\/td>\nAdjetivo<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
El<\/span><\/td>\ncaballo<\/span><\/td>\nblanco<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Los<\/span><\/td>\ncaballos<\/span><\/td>\nblancos<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Un <\/span><\/td>\npuente<\/span><\/td>\nfr\u00e1gil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Unos<\/span><\/td>\npuentes<\/span><\/td>\nfr\u00e1giles<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

En ingl\u00e9s el adjetivo se queda igual, nunca se pone en plural. Se puede decir \u201cone blue car\u201d y tambi\u00e9n se puede decir \u201c25 blue cars\u201d. <\/span>Blue<\/span><\/i>, se queda igual sin importar cuantos coches sean.<\/span>
\nM\u00e1s ejemplos:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
DETERMINERS<\/span><\/td>\nADJECTIVE<\/span><\/td>\nNOUN<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
One million<\/span><\/td>\ngood (not \u201cgoods\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\nreasons<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/span><\/td>\nlong (not \u201clongs\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\nhours<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Two<\/span><\/td>\nnormal (not \u201cnormals\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\nkids<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\nshort (not \u201cshort\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\njokes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Entonces, para terminar esta PRIMERA PARTE, resumimos lo que has aprendido:<\/span>
\nLos ADJETIVOS en ingl\u00e9s:<\/span>
\n– Van antes del nombre <\/span>
\n– NO VAR\u00cdAN: No tienen g\u00e9nero masculino o femenino<\/span>
\n– NO VAR\u00cdAN: No tienen forma plural<\/span>
\nEs sencillo, \u00bfno es cierto?<\/span><\/p>\n

SEGUNDA PARTE<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ahora, vamos a estudiar algunos aspectos un poco m\u00e1s sofisticados de los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

A. Los sustantivos pueden transformarse en adjetivos<\/b><\/h3>\n

Eso suena raro, pero es verdad. En ingl\u00e9s, puedes decir: \u201cA class of English\u201d. Eso es correcto y aceptable, pero no es lo que la gente dice todos los d\u00edas. Lo que la gente hace es cambiar el orden de las palabras y as\u00ed logran que el sustantivo \u201cEnglish\u201d se convierta en el adjetivo \u201cEngish\u201d y entonces dir\u00e1n: \u201cAn English class\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Otro ejemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Article<\/span><\/td>\nNoun<\/span><\/td>\nPreposition<\/span><\/td>\nNoun<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nconcert<\/span><\/td>\nof<\/span><\/td>\nrock<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Si la cambias a una expresi\u00f3n m\u00e1s usada y normal en ingl\u00e9s queda:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Article<\/span><\/td>\nAdjective<\/span><\/td>\nNoun<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\nrock<\/span><\/td>\nconcert<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00bfVes c\u00f3mo \u201crock\u201d pas\u00f3 de ser un sustantivo a ser un adjetivo?<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1s ejemplos:<\/span>
\nA blouse made of cotton (\u201ccotton\u201d is a noun) = A cotton blouse (But here \u201ccotton\u201d is an adjective)<\/span>
\nA fountain of water (\u201cwater\u201d is a noun) = A water fountain (\u201cwater\u201d is an adjective)<\/span>
\n\"Peculiaridades<\/p>\n

B. Los sustantivos que se convierten en adjetivos toman la posici\u00f3n antes del nombre<\/b><\/h3>\n

Si te fijas bien, en la segunda oraci\u00f3n, el sustantivo que se convierte en adjetivo toma la posici\u00f3n de cualquier adjetivo, es decir antes del nombre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con los adjetivos normales (long, short, big, beautiful, expensive, etc) podemos decir:<\/span>
\n\u201cAn old story\u201d<\/span>
\n\u201cA good story\u201d<\/span>
\n\u201cA long story\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Y con los sustantivos que se convierten en adjetivos, podemos decir:<\/span>
\n\u201cA ghost story\u201d<\/span>
\n\u201cA mystery story\u201d<\/span>
\n\u201cA war story\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Las palabras \u201cghost\u201d, \u201cmystery\u201d y \u201cwar\u201d, que normalmente son sustantivos, al ser colocadas antes de otro sustantivo, en este caso antes de la palabra \u201cstory\u201d, se convierten en adjetivos y funcionan como tales.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Aprender<\/a><\/h3>\n

Los nombres que se convierten en adjetivos ya no pueden variar ni en g\u00e9nero ni en n\u00famero.<\/b><\/h4>\n

El otro aspecto importante de estos sustantivos que mutan y se convierten en adjetivos es que, por jugar en esa posici\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n pierden g\u00e9nero y n\u00famero. As\u00ed como \u201clittle, enormous, ridiculous, wonderful, fat, empty, etc.\u201d no var\u00edan en g\u00e9nero y n\u00famero, as\u00ed tambi\u00e9n los sutsantivos que cambian de posici\u00f3n para ser adjetivos no tienen g\u00e9nero ni n\u00famero.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un ejemplo:<\/span>
\nA ring of diamonds = A diamond ring<\/span>
\n\u00bfViste que la \u201cs\u201d de diamonds desapareci\u00f3? Eso pasa porque, al convertirse, ya no puede tener g\u00e9nero ni n\u00famero.<\/span>
\nM\u00e1s para observar:<\/span>
\nA house made of bricks = A brick house<\/span>
\nStairs of 7 steps = 7-step stairs<\/span>
\nA vacation of 10 days = A 10-day vacation<\/span>
\n\u00bfTe fijaste? \u201cbricks\u201d se convirti\u00f3 en \u201cbrick\u201d; \u201csteps\u201d pas\u00f3 a ser \u201cstep\u201d y \u201cdays\u201d cambi\u00f3 y se hizo \u201cday\u201d.<\/span>
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la raz\u00f3n de que dejaran de ser formas plurales? La raz\u00f3n es que pasaron a ser adjetivos y los adjetivos nunca, nunca, tienen forma plural.<\/span><\/p>\n

Los nombres que se convierten en adjetivos pueden formar una larga cadena de \u201cnombres – adjetivos\u201d modificando a otro nombre.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"Peculiaridades
\nMira estos ejemplos:<\/span>
\n\u201cA nuclear science book\u201d = A book about nuclear science<\/span>
\n\u201cA nuclear energy plant\u201d = A plant that produces nuclear energy<\/span>
\n\u201cA digital classic book library\u201d = A library that specializes in classic books that have been digitalize<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo importante en la estructura de estas cadenas en las que varios nombres sirven de adjetivos de otros nombres, es lograr identificar cu\u00e1l es el nombre modificado por los otros nombres que act\u00faan como adjetivos. Un truco: casi siempre es el \u00faltimo. F\u00edjate en los ejemplos anteriores, el sustantivo del que se est\u00e1 hablando son: \u201cbook\u201d, \u201cplant\u201d y \u201clibrary\u201d que son las \u00faltimas palabras de la cadena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bueno, en esta SEGUNDA PARTE, hemos estudiado que:<\/span>
\n– Los sustantivos pueden usarse como adjetivos<\/span>
\n– Que al usarlos como adjetivos toman la misma posici\u00f3n<\/span>
\n– Que al usarlos como adjetivos no pueden tener forma femenina ni plural (son invariables)<\/span>
\n– Que se pueden formar largas cadenas de nombres modificando a otros nombres<\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Maria Fuentes es una ling\u00fcista aplicada venezolana que ense\u00f1a ingl\u00e9s y espa\u00f1ol como segundas lenguas en una universidad venezolana. Se ha dedicado a la ense\u00f1anza del ingl\u00e9s y del espa\u00f1ol por m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00bfQuieres aprender ingl\u00e9s con textos que amas?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PRIMERA PARTE \u00bfRecuerdas lo que es un adjetivo? Todos lo tuvimos que aprender en el colegio: \u201cel adjetivo es una palabra o frase que modifica a un sustantivo\u201d Y los …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":176587555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[74],"class_list":["post-176587504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprender-ingles","tag-aprender-ingles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPeculiaridades de los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s - LingQ Language Learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Acompa\u00f1an y anteceden a los sustantivos dentro de una frase para as\u00ed modificarlos; no var\u00edan ni en g\u00e9nero ni en n\u00famero: \u00a1son los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peculiaridades de los adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s - LingQ Language Learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Acompa\u00f1an y anteceden a los sustantivos dentro de una frase para as\u00ed modificarlos; 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